⭐ ✨ ⭐ ✨ ⭐

简单英语 · 第六册

Easy English · Book 6 · 完整词汇深讲版
📚 共 13 课 · 完整课文 / 词汇深讲 / 语法精讲 / 重点句 / 分级练习

📑 目录 Contents

Chapter 1 · 条件句和感叹句

1
Lesson 1 · The Weather Diary
天气日记
2
Lesson 2 · A Day at the Aquarium
海洋馆的一天

Chapter 2 · 动名词

3
Lesson 3 · The Little Garden on My Balcony
我家阳台的小菜园
4
Lesson 4 · Getting Ready for the Piano Show
准备钢琴比赛
5
Lesson 5 · Our Moving Day
我家的搬家日

Chapter 3 · 宾语从句

6
Lesson 6 · A Friend's Promise
朋友的承诺
7
Lesson 7 · The After-School Club
课外社团咨询
8
Lesson 8 · Asking for Directions
问路记
9
Lesson 9 · A Class Debate
一场班级辩论

Chapter 4 · 被动语态

10
Lesson 10 · How Breakfast Is Made
早餐是怎么准备的
11
Lesson 11 · The New Bridge
新桥的建成
12
Lesson 12 · School Rules
校园规则

Chapter 5 · 定语从句

13
Lesson 13 · The Book That Changed Me
改变我的那本书
14
Lesson 14 · The Volunteer Teachers
志愿者老师们
15
Lesson 15 · The Amazing Online Class
神奇的网课
16
Lesson 16 · The New Friend Next Door
邻居家的新朋友
17
Lesson 17 · The School Radio Station
校园广播站
18
Lesson 18 · My Library Life
我的图书馆生活
19
Lesson 19 · My Grandpa
我的外公
Chapter 1

条件句和感叹句

📚 包含 Lesson 1 - 2
📍 Chapter 1 · LESSON 1

Lesson 1 · 天气日记

The Weather Diary
📚 条件句和感叹句

📖 Text 课文

天气日记
☀️🌧️🌈📔✏️
🔊Mr. Chen is our science teacher and he loves talking about the weather.
🔊Every Monday, he gives us a weather diary task for the week.
🔊He says, 'If you watch the sky every day, you will learn a lot.'
🔊If it rains on Tuesday, we will draw clouds and umbrellas in our books.
🔊If the sky is clear at noon, we will go outside to study the sun.
🔊If we see a rainbow this week, Mr. Chen will tell us a story about colors.
🔊If a strong wind comes on Friday, we will count how fast the leaves fly.
🔊But if it snows next month, our class will go to the playground for snowball fights.
🔊Lily once asked, 'What if the weather is the same every day?'
🔊Mr. Chen smiled and said, 'If you look closely, no two days are ever exactly the same.'
🔊Now I check the sky every morning before I leave home.
🔊Keeping a weather diary has made me notice the small changes around me.
🔊Sometimes the world is more interesting than we think!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
weather/ˈweðə(r)/n. 天气
diary/ˈdaɪəri/n. 日记
task/tɑːsk/n. 任务
cloud/klaʊd/n. 云
umbrella/ʌmˈbrelə/n. 雨伞
clear/klɪə(r)/adj. 晴朗的; 清楚的
rainbow/ˈreɪnbəʊ/n. 彩虹
wind/wɪnd/n. 风
leaf/liːf/n. 叶子
snowball/ˈsnəʊbɔːl/n. 雪球
closely/ˈkləʊsli/adv. 仔细地
exactly/ɪɡˈzæktli/adv. 完全地; 确切地
notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意到
interesting/ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/adj. 有趣的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
weathern.天气

用法:weather 是不可数名词

What's the weather like today? — 今天天气怎么样?

💡 辨: whether 是否

diaryn.日记

用法:keep a diary 写日记

I write in my diary every night. — 我每晚都在日记里写东西。

💡 相关: journal 期刊/日记

taskn.任务

用法:a difficult task 一项困难的任务

This is an easy task. — 这是一个简单的任务。

💡 近义: job, work

cloudn.

用法:复数 clouds

White clouds float in the sky. — 白云飘在天空。

💡 相关: cloudy 多云的

umbrellan.雨伞

用法:open/close an umbrella

Take an umbrella with you. — 带上雨伞。

💡 相关: rain 雨

clearadj.晴朗的; 清楚的

用法:a clear sky 晴朗的天空

Today is a clear day. — 今天天气晴朗。

💡 反义: cloudy 多云的

rainbown.彩虹

用法:rain + bow

A rainbow has seven colors. — 彩虹有七种颜色。

💡 相关: rain, color

windn.

用法:a strong wind 大风

The wind blows hard today. — 今天风很大。

💡 相关: windy 有风的

leafn.叶子

用法:复数 leaves (不规则)

The leaves turn yellow in fall. — 秋天叶子变黄。

💡 相关: tree 树

snowballn.雪球

用法:snow + ball

Kids love snowball fights. — 小孩喜欢打雪仗。

💡 相关: snow 雪

closelyadv.仔细地

用法:close(近的) + ly

Look at it closely. — 仔细看它。

💡 近义: carefully

exactlyadv.完全地; 确切地

用法:exact(精确的) + ly

That's exactly what I mean. — 这正是我的意思。

💡 近义: precisely

noticev.注意到

用法:notice + 名词/that 从句

I noticed the change. — 我注意到了变化。

💡 近义: see, observe

interestingadj.有趣的

用法:修饰物; interested 修饰人

This book is interesting. — 这本书有趣。

💡 辨: interested 感兴趣的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a weather diary
天气日记
🔊 watch the sky
观察天空
🔊 If it rains tomorrow
如果明天下雨
🔊 If you study hard
如果你努力学习
🔊 主将从现 (主句 will + 从句一般现在时)
主句将来时 + 从句现在时
🔊 stay at home
待在家
🔊 go for a picnic
去野餐
🔊 see a rainbow
看到彩虹
🔊 a story about colors
关于色彩的故事
🔊 keep a diary
写日记
🔊 record the weather
记录天气
🔊 learn a lot from nature
从大自然学到很多

🇨🇳 参考译文

陈老师是我们的科学老师, 他喜欢谈论天气。

每周一, 他都给我们布置一周的天气日记作业。

他说: "如果你每天观察天空, 你会学到很多。"

如果周二下雨, 我们就在本子上画云和伞。

如果中午天空晴朗, 我们就出去观察太阳。

如果这周我们看到彩虹, 陈老师就会给我们讲一个关于色彩的故事。

如果周五刮大风, 我们就数数树叶飞得多快。

但如果下个月下雪, 我们班就去操场打雪仗。

莉莉曾问: "要是每天天气都一样怎么办?"

陈老师笑着说: "如果你仔细看, 没有哪两天会完全一样。"

现在我每天出门前都看看天空。

写天气日记让我留意到身边的小变化。

有时候这个世界比我们想的更有趣!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:if 条件句(真实条件)
If + 主语 + 一般现在时, 主语 + will + 动词原形
📐 句型拆解
▸ 从句用现在时 If it rains(如果下雨)
▸ 主句用将来时 we will stay home
▸ 从句可在前或后 If..., we will... / We will..., if...
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家。
🔊 I will help you if I have time. 如果我有时间就帮你。
⚠️ 主将从现:主句用 will(将来时),从句用一般现在时——不能两边都用 will!

一、if 引导的真实条件句

if 表示"如果", 引导条件状语从句。表示真实可能发生的情况时, 主句用一般将来时 (will + 动词原形), 从句用一般现在时。这就是著名的"主将从现"。

结构: If + 主语 + 一般现在时, 主句 + will + 动词原形

If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. — 如果明天下雨, 我们就待在家。
If you study hard, you will pass. — 如果你努力学习, 你就会通过。
If we see a rainbow, Mr. Chen will tell us a story. — 如果我们看到彩虹, 陈老师就会讲故事。
⚠️ 常见错误: 从句不能用 will, 即使表达将来意义。
✗ If it will rain, we will stay home.
✓ If it rains, we will stay home.
💡 口诀: 主将从现 — 主句一般将来时, 从句一般现在时

二、if 从句的位置

if 引导的从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后。放在前面时, 中间用逗号隔开; 放在后面时不用逗号

If it snows, we will go out. — 如果下雪, 我们就出去。 (从句在前, 有逗号)
We will go out if it snows. — 如果下雪我们就出去。 (从句在后, 没逗号)
💡 两种顺序意思一样, 选哪个看习惯和强调。

三、if 句中的 be 动词

从句中如果是 be 动词, 用 am / is / are 而不是 will be。

If it is sunny tomorrow we will go to the park  从句一般现在时 + 主句将来时
If you are tired you should take a rest  从句一般现在时 + 主句情态动词
⚠️ ✗ If it will be sunny... ✓ If it is sunny...

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
If you watch the sky every day, you will learn a lot.
如果你每天观察天空, 你会学到很多。
1. if 引导真实条件句
2. 主将从现: 主句 will learn (将来时), 从句 watch (现在时)
3. a lot: 这里是副词短语, 表"很多"
📝 即练:
改错: If you ___ (study) hard, you ___ (pass) the exam. → study / will pass (从句现在时, 主句将来时)
翻译: 如果你听老师的话, 你会取得进步。 → If you listen to the teacher, you will make progress. (listen (现在时) + will make (将来时))
🔊
If we see a rainbow this week, Mr. Chen will tell us a story about colors.
如果这周我们看到彩虹, 陈老师就会给我们讲一个关于色彩的故事。
1. 主将从现: see (现在时) + will tell (将来时)
2. tell sb. a story: 给某人讲故事
3. about colors: 关于色彩 (介词短语作定语)
📝 即练:
填空: If I ___ (find) the book, I ___ (give) it to you. → find / will give (主将从现)
翻译: 如果你来我家, 我会给你做晚饭。 → If you come to my home, I will cook dinner for you. (come (现在时) + will cook (将来时))
🔊
If you look closely, no two days are ever exactly the same.
如果你仔细看, 没有哪两天会完全一样。
1. 主将从现的特殊情况: 这里主句陈述事实, 用一般现在时也对
2. no two days: 没有任何两天 (no + 复数)
3. exactly the same: 完全相同
📝 即练:
填空: If you read more, you ___ (know) more. → will know / know (可以是将来时, 也可以是事实陈述)
翻译: 如果你仔细想想, 答案就在那里。 → If you think carefully, the answer is there. (事实陈述, 主从都用现在时)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 30 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(11 题)

1 🔊 weather 的中文是?
A天气B是否C冬天D晴天
2 🔊 diary 的中文是?
A每天B日记C日历D日期
3 🔊 rainbow 的中文是?
AB彩虹C蝴蝶D
4 🔊 leaf 的复数是?
AleafsBleavesCleafesDleaf
5 🔊 closely 的词性是?
A名词B动词C形容词D副词
6 🔊 notice 的中文是?
A认识B注意到C消息D通知
7 🔊 clear 的反义词?
AcloudyBsunnyCcoldDhot
8 🔊 风:
9 🔊 雨伞:
10 🔊 完全地:
11 🔊 雪球:

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 If it tomorrow, we will stay home.
ArainsBwill rainCrainedDis raining
2 🔊 If you harder, you pass the exam.
Astudy/passBstudy/will passCwill study/passDstudied/pass
3 🔊 If we a rainbow, we will be happy.
AseeBseesCwill seeDsaw
4 🔊 If the sky clear, we will go outside.
AwasBisCwill beDbe
5 🔊 I help you if you to me.
Awill/comeBcome/willCwill/will comeDcome/come
6 🔊 哪个句子正确?
AIf it will rain, we will stay.BIf it rains, we will stay.CIf it rain, we stay.DIf it rains, we stay.
7 🔊 改错: If it will be sunny, we will go to the park.
8 🔊 填空: If you (be) tired, you should rest.
9 🔊 把两句合并 (用 if): It snows. We will go out.
10 🔊 把句子改成 if 句 (从句在后): I will help you. You ask me.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 翻译: 如果你早睡, 你明天会感觉好多了。
2 🔊 翻译: 如果天气晴朗, 我们就一起放风筝。
3 🔊 翻译: 如果他来了, 请告诉我。
4 🔊 改错: If you will study hard, you will pass.
5 🔊 把句子合并 (用 if + 主从对调): The wind blows. The leaves fly away.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 if 写 3 个真实条件句, 描写不同天气下的活动。
2 🔊 改错并解释: If it is rain tomorrow, I will not go out.
3 🔊 区分: If it will rain... / If it rains...
4 🔊 用 if 句子描写"我"的天气日记的一周打算 (3-4 句)。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了if 引导的真实条件句
✅ 我掌握了if 从句的位置
✅ 我掌握了if 句中的 be 动词

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 2 · A Day at the Aquarium 海洋馆的一天

新知识点:What 引导的感叹句 + How 引导的感叹句

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 1 · LESSON 2

Lesson 2 · 海洋馆的一天

A Day at the Aquarium
📚 条件句和感叹句

📖 Text 课文

海洋馆
🐙🐬🪼🐠🐟🌊
🔊Last weekend, my class went to the city aquarium for a field trip.
🔊What an exciting day it was for everyone!
🔊When we walked into the big tunnel, sharks swam right above our heads.
🔊How huge those sharks were!
🔊My friend Ben pointed at a sea turtle and shouted, 'What a slow swimmer it is!'
🔊Then we saw a wall full of small jellyfish glowing in blue light.
🔊How beautifully they moved in the water!
🔊Anna whispered, 'What clever creatures they are!'
🔊We also met a seal trainer who taught us facts about ocean animals.
🔊How patiently he answered our questions!
🔊At the end of the visit, our teacher said, 'What a wonderful place this is for learning!'
🔊On the bus back to school, everyone was tired but happy.
🔊How quickly the day passed!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
aquarium/əˈkweəriəm/n. 海洋馆; 水族馆
tunnel/ˈtʌnl/n. 隧道
shark/ʃɑːk/n. 鲨鱼
sea turtle/siː ˈtɜːtl/n. 海龟
jellyfish/ˈdʒelifɪʃ/n. 水母
glow/ɡləʊ/v. 发光
whisper/ˈwɪspə(r)/v. 低声说; 耳语
creature/ˈkriːtʃə(r)/n. 生物
seal/siːl/n. 海豹
trainer/ˈtreɪnə(r)/n. 训练员
fact/fækt/n. 事实
patiently/ˈpeɪʃntli/adv. 耐心地
wonderful/ˈwʌndəfl/adj. 极好的
pass/pɑːs/v. 过去; 经过
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
aquariumn.海洋馆; 水族馆

用法:aqua(水) + rium

I love the city aquarium. — 我喜欢市海洋馆。

💡 相关: ocean

tunneln.隧道

用法:walk through a tunnel

The car went into the tunnel. — 车开进了隧道。

💡 相关: passage

sharkn.鲨鱼

用法:海洋大型鱼类

Sharks are dangerous. — 鲨鱼很危险。

💡 相关: fish

sea turtlen.海龟

用法:sea + turtle

Sea turtles live a long life. — 海龟寿命很长。

💡 相关: turtle 龟

jellyfishn.水母

用法:jelly(果冻) + fish

Jellyfish look like clouds. — 水母看起来像云。

💡 相关: ocean

glowv.发光

用法:glow in 在……中发光

Stars glow at night. — 星星在夜里发光。

💡 近义: shine

whisperv.低声说; 耳语

用法:whisper to sb.

She whispered a secret to me. — 她对我耳语了一个秘密。

💡 反义: shout 大喊

creaturen.生物

用法:一切活的生物

Whales are sea creatures. — 鲸是海洋生物。

💡 相关: animal

sealn.海豹

用法:海洋哺乳动物

Seals like fish. — 海豹喜欢鱼。

💡 相关: ocean

trainern.训练员

用法:train(训练) + er(人)

He is a dog trainer. — 他是个驯狗员。

💡 相关: train

factn.事实

用法:in fact 事实上

That's a fact. — 这是事实。

💡 反义: lie

patientlyadv.耐心地

用法:patient + ly

He waited patiently. — 他耐心地等待。

💡 反义: impatiently

wonderfuladj.极好的

用法:wonder + ful

What a wonderful day! — 多么美好的一天!

💡 近义: amazing

passv.过去; 经过

用法:pass - passed - passed

Time passes quickly. — 时间过得真快。

💡 相关: go by

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 go to the aquarium
去海洋馆
🔊 What a beautiful...!
多么美丽的……!
🔊 What lovely flowers!
多可爱的花!
🔊 How amazing...!
多么神奇!
🔊 How wonderful it is!
多么美妙!
🔊 Look at the dolphins!
看那些海豚!
🔊 a jellyfish / a starfish
一只水母 / 一只海星
🔊 swim around
到处游
🔊 be amazed at
对……感到惊奇
🔊 feel the magic of
感受……的魔力
🔊 a memorable visit
难忘的参观
🔊 take pictures of
为……拍照

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周末, 我们班去市海洋馆参加实地考察。

对所有人来说真是激动人心的一天!

我们走进大隧道时, 鲨鱼就在我们头顶上方游来游去。

那些鲨鱼真大啊!

我朋友本指着一只海龟喊道: "它游得真慢啊!"

然后我们看到一面墙上全是发着蓝光的小水母。

它们在水中游动得多么优美!

安娜小声说: "它们真是聪明的生物!"

我们还见到一位海豹训练员, 他教了我们关于海洋动物的知识。

他多么耐心地回答我们的问题!

参观结束时, 老师说: "这真是一个学习的好地方!"

回学校的车上, 每个人都很累但很开心。

一天过得真快!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:感叹句 What / How
What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! / How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 !
📐 句型拆解
▸ What + 名词 What a beautiful day!
▸ How + 形容词 How beautiful (it is)!
▸ What + 复数名词 What lovely flowers!
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 What a beautiful jellyfish! 多美的水母啊!
🔊 How amazing the dolphins are! 海豚多神奇啊!
⚠️ 看名词用 What,看形容词/副词用 How。What + (a/an) + adj. + 名词 是固定结构。

一、What 引导的感叹句

What 用来修饰名词, 表达对名词所代表的事物的感叹。后面跟"形容词 + 名词"。

结构 ①: What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

What an exciting day it was! — 多么激动人心的一天啊!
What a slow swimmer it is! — 它游得真慢啊! (字面: 多么慢的游泳者)

结构 ②: What + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

What clever creatures they are! — 它们真是聪明的生物!
What good news this is! — 这真是好消息! (news 不可数)
⚠️ 复数名词、不可数名词前不加 a/an

二、How 引导的感叹句

How 用来修饰形容词副词, 表示"多么……"。

结构: How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

How huge those sharks were! — 那些鲨鱼真大啊! (huge 形容词)
How beautifully they moved! — 它们游动得多么优美! (beautifully 副词)
How patiently he answered! — 他回答得多么耐心! (patiently 副词)
How quickly the day passed! — 一天过得真快! (quickly 副词)

三、What 和 How 的转换

同一个意思可以用 What 和 How 两种方式表达, 是常考点。

What a clever boy he is! VS How clever the boy is!  同一个意思的两种表达
What a wonderful day it is! VS How wonderful the day is!  同一个意思的两种表达
💡 转换规则:
What + a + adj + n + 主谓 ↔ How + adj + 主谓
关键: How 后面只跟形容词/副词, What 后面跟名词
⚠️ 常见错误:
✗ How a clever boy he is!
✓ What a clever boy he is!
✓ How clever the boy is!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
What an exciting day it was for everyone!
对所有人来说真是激动人心的一天!
1. What + an + adj + 单数名词 + 主谓!
2. exciting 以元音音素开头, 用 an 不是 a
3. for everyone 是介词短语作状语
📝 即练:
改错: What a exciting day it was! → What an exciting day it was! (exciting 元音开头, 用 an)
把陈述句改感叹句 (用 What): It is a beautiful flower. → What a beautiful flower it is! (What + a + adj + 单数名词 + 主谓)
🔊
How beautifully they moved in the water!
它们在水中游动得多么优美!
1. How + 副词 + 主谓!
2. beautifully 是副词, 修饰动词 moved
3. 注意区分: How beautiful (形容词) vs How beautifully (副词)
📝 即练:
把陈述句改感叹句 (用 How): The bird sings sweetly. → How sweetly the bird sings! (How + 副词 + 主谓)
区分: How beautiful she is! / How beautifully she sings! → 第一句感叹"她美" (形容词); 第二句感叹"她唱得好听" (副词) (看修饰对象: 美的是人, 用形容词; 唱得好听是动作, 用副词)
🔊
What clever creatures they are!
它们真是聪明的生物!
1. What + adj + 复数名词 + 主谓! (不加 a)
2. creatures 是复数, 所以前面没有 a
3. they are 在末尾, 是感叹句典型语序
📝 即练:
把感叹句改写: What a kind person he is! 改成"他们" 复数 → What kind people they are! (people 复数, 不加 a)
填空: ___ wonderful music it is! → What (music 不可数, 用 What 不加 a)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 aquarium 的中文是?
A图书馆B海洋馆C动物园D博物馆
2 🔊 jellyfish 的中文是?
A鲨鱼B海龟C水母D海豹
3 🔊 glow 的中文是?
A抓住B发光C生长D消失
4 🔊 whisper 的反义词?
AtalkBshoutCsingDcry
5 🔊 creature 的中文?
A创造B工具C生物D色彩
6 🔊 patiently 的词性?
A名词B形容词C动词D副词
7 🔊 fact 的中文?
A事实B工厂C面孔D快乐
8 🔊 隧道:
9 🔊 海豹:
10 🔊 wonder 的形容词形式:

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 a wonderful day it is!
AHowBWhatCWhereDWhen
2 🔊 beautifully she sings!
AWhatBHowCWhyDWhere
3 🔊 What they are!
Akind peopleBa kind peopleCkind personDa kind person
4 🔊 huge the shark is!
AWhatBHowCWhat aDHow a
5 🔊 an exciting movie it was!
AWhatBHowCHow aDWhat a
6 🔊 哪个对?
AHow a clever boy he is!BWhat clever the boy is!CHow clever the boy is!DWhat a clever the boy is!
7 🔊 把陈述句改成感叹句 (用 How): The flowers are beautiful.
8 🔊 把陈述句改成感叹句 (用 What): It is a useful tool.
9 🔊 改错: What a exciting day it was!
10 🔊 改错: How a clever girl she is!

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把同一个意思用 What 和 How 两种方式表达: The aquarium is so amazing.
2 🔊 翻译: 它们是多么了不起的动物啊!
3 🔊 翻译: 时间过得多快啊!
4 🔊 改错: How a beautiful jellyfish it is!
5 🔊 改错: What slowly the turtle moves!

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 What 和 How 各写一句感叹句, 描写海洋馆。
2 🔊 把"The boys play happily"改成感叹句 (用 How)。
3 🔊 区分: How beautiful! / How beautifully!
4 🔊 描写海洋馆里的不同动物, 用至少 3 个感叹句。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了What 引导的感叹句
✅ 我掌握了How 引导的感叹句
✅ 我掌握了What 和 How 的转换

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 3 · The Little Garden on My Balcony 我家阳台的小菜园

新知识点:什么是动名词 + 动名词作主语

⬆️ 返回目录
Chapter 2

动名词

📚 包含 Lesson 3 - 5
📍 Chapter 2 · LESSON 3

Lesson 3 · 我家阳台的小菜园

The Little Garden on My Balcony
📚 动名词

📖 Text 课文

阳台菜园
🌱🌻🥬🍅🌿💧
🔊Growing vegetables at home is my new hobby this spring.
🔊My grandfather started this little garden on our balcony last March.
🔊Watering the plants every morning is part of my daily routine now.
🔊His favorite activity is checking the tomatoes before breakfast.
🔊Pulling weeds out of the soil takes me about ten minutes.
🔊Reading the gardening book is also helpful for beginners like me.
🔊Eating our own vegetables is the best part of all.
🔊My mom says, 'Cooking with fresh tomatoes makes our dinner taste better.'
🔊Spending time with my grandfather in the garden is precious.
🔊Sharing fresh vegetables with our neighbors makes everyone happy.
🔊Taking care of plants teaches me about patience.
🔊Building this garden together has brought our family closer.
🔊What a wonderful season this spring is!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
balcony/ˈbælkəni/n. 阳台
grow/ɡrəʊ/v. 种植; 生长
hobby/ˈhɒbi/n. 爱好
water/ˈwɔːtə(r)/v./n. 浇水; 水
routine/ruːˈtiːn/n. 日常; 例行公事
tomato/təˈmɑːtəʊ/n. 番茄
pull/pʊl/v. 拉; 拔
weed/wiːd/n. 杂草
soil/sɔɪl/n. 土壤
gardening/ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ/n. 园艺
fresh/freʃ/adj. 新鲜的
precious/ˈpreʃəs/adj. 珍贵的
patience/ˈpeɪʃns/n. 耐心
neighbor/ˈneɪbə(r)/n. 邻居
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
balconyn.阳台

用法:on the balcony 在阳台上

My balcony has many flowers. — 我的阳台有很多花。

💡 相关: terrace 露台

growv.种植; 生长

用法:grow - grew - grown

Plants grow in soil. — 植物在土里生长。

💡 相关: plant 种植

hobbyn.爱好

用法:a new hobby 新爱好

My hobby is reading. — 我的爱好是阅读。

💡 近义: interest

waterv./n.浇水; 水

用法:作动词时表"浇水"

Water the plants every day. — 每天给植物浇水。

💡 相关: watering 浇水

routinen.日常; 例行公事

用法:daily routine 日常

Brushing teeth is part of my routine. — 刷牙是我日常的一部分。

💡 近义: habit

tomaton.番茄

用法:复数 tomatoes (加 es)

I love red tomatoes. — 我喜欢红番茄。

💡 相关: vegetable

pullv.拉; 拔

用法:pull out 拔出

Pull the door open. — 把门拉开。

💡 反义: push 推

weedn.杂草

用法:pull weeds 拔杂草

There are weeds in the garden. — 菜园里有杂草。

💡 相关: grass 草

soiln.土壤

用法:不可数名词

The soil is wet. — 土壤是湿的。

💡 相关: dirt, earth

gardeningn.园艺

用法:garden + ing

Gardening is fun. — 园艺很有趣。

💡 相关: gardener 园丁

freshadj.新鲜的

用法:fresh vegetables 新鲜蔬菜

I love fresh fruit. — 我爱吃新鲜水果。

💡 反义: stale 不新鲜

preciousadj.珍贵的

用法:precious time/memory

This watch is precious to me. — 这块表对我很珍贵。

💡 近义: valuable

patiencen.耐心

用法:patient 形容词 + ce

You need patience to learn. — 学习需要耐心。

💡 反义: impatience

neighborn.邻居

用法:英式拼写: neighbour

My neighbor is friendly. — 我的邻居很友好。

💡 相关: neighborhood

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 Gardening is fun.
园艺很有趣。(动名词作主语)
🔊 My hobby is reading.
我的爱好是读书。(作表语)
🔊 Watering plants is relaxing.
浇花让人放松。
🔊 on the balcony
在阳台上
🔊 grow vegetables
种菜
🔊 plant flowers
种花
🔊 every morning
每天早上
🔊 be good for health
对健康有好处
🔊 get fresh air
呼吸新鲜空气
🔊 a small garden
一个小菜园
🔊 enjoy the harvest
享受收获
🔊 connect with nature
与自然连接

🇨🇳 参考译文

今年春天种菜是我的新爱好。

我爷爷去年三月在我们家阳台开始了这个小菜园。

每天早上浇水现在是我日常的一部分。

他最爱的活动是早饭前检查番茄。

把杂草从土里拔出来要花我大约十分钟。

读园艺书对像我这样的初学者也很有帮助。

吃我们自己种的蔬菜是最棒的部分。

妈妈说: "用新鲜番茄做饭让我们的晚饭更好吃。"

和爷爷在菜园里度过时光很珍贵。

和邻居分享新鲜蔬菜让大家都开心。

照顾植物教会我耐心。

一起建这个菜园让我们家更亲密了。

这个春天真是太棒了!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:动名词(一)什么是动名词
动词原形 + ing = 动名词(当名词用)
📐 句型拆解
▸ 作主语 Gardening is fun.
▸ 作宾语 I like reading.
▸ 作表语 My hobby is singing.
▸ 动名词 ≠ 进行时 动名词是名词用法
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Gardening is my hobby. 园艺是我的爱好。
🔊 I love watering the plants. 我喜欢给植物浇水。
💡 动名词 = 动词 -ing 形式当"名词"用。表示动作的"名词化"。

一、什么是动名词

动名词由"动词原形 + ing"构成, 在句中起名词的作用。它兼有动词和名词的特征。

动名词构成: V + ing

grow → growing 种植 → 种植这件事  直接加 ing
water → watering 浇水 → 浇水这件事  直接加 ing
take → taking 拿 → 拿走这件事  去 e 加 ing
run → running 跑 → 跑步这件事  重读闭音节双写 + ing
💡 拼写规则:
① 一般直接加 -ing: grow → growing
② 以 e 结尾: 去 e 加 ing: take → taking
③ 重读闭音节: 双写末尾辅音 + ing: run → running

二、动名词作主语

动名词放在句首作主语, 表示某种活动。谓语动词必须用单数 (is, was, makes, takes 等)。

Growing vegetables is my new hobby. — 种菜是我的新爱好。
Watering the plants is part of my routine. — 浇水是我日常的一部分。
Eating our own vegetables is the best part. — 吃自己种的菜是最棒的部分。
Taking care of plants teaches patience. — 照顾植物教会耐心。
⚠️ 错误示范: ✗ Growing vegetables are fun. ✓ Growing vegetables is fun.

三、动名词作表语

动名词放在 be 动词后作表语, 表示主语"是什么活动"。

结构: 主语 + be + 动名词

My hobby is gardening. — 我的爱好是园艺。
His favorite activity is checking the tomatoes. — 他最爱的活动是检查番茄。
Her job is teaching English. — 她的工作是教英语。
💡 区别: 动名词作表语 vs 现在进行时
• My hobby is reading. (动名词作表语: 我的爱好"是"阅读)
• She is reading. (现在进行时: 她"正在"阅读)

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Growing vegetables at home is my new hobby this spring.
今年春天种菜是我的新爱好。
1. Growing vegetables: 动名词短语作主语
2. is: 动名词主语 + 单数动词
3. at home: 介词短语作状语
📝 即练:
填空: ___ (read) books is good for the brain. → Reading (动名词作主语首字母大写)
翻译: 学英语很有趣。 → Learning English is interesting. (Learning English (主语) + is (单数))
🔊
His favorite activity is checking the tomatoes before breakfast.
他最爱的活动是早饭前检查番茄。
1. is checking: 这是动名词作表语 (不是现在进行时)
2. activity is checking = 活动是"检查"
3. before breakfast: 时间状语
📝 即练:
填空: My hobby is ___ (cook). → cooking (动名词作表语)
区分: She is reading. / Her hobby is reading. → 第一句: 现在进行时 (她正在读); 第二句: 动名词作表语 (她的爱好是阅读) (看主语和句意)
🔊
Taking care of plants teaches me about patience.
照顾植物教会我耐心。
1. Taking care of plants: 动名词短语作主语
2. teaches: 单数动词 (动名词主语 + 第三人称单数)
3. teach sb. about sth.: 教某人关于某事
📝 即练:
填空: ___ (exercise) every day ___ (keep) us healthy. → Exercising / keeps (动名词主语 + 单数动词)
翻译: 帮助别人让我快乐。 → Helping others makes me happy. (Helping others + makes (单数))

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 balcony 的中文?
A阳台B门厅C窗户D
2 🔊 soil 的中文?
AB土壤CD太阳
3 🔊 precious 的中文?
A昂贵的B珍贵的C简单的D现在的
4 🔊 tomato 的复数?
AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoiesDtomato
5 🔊 pull 的反义词?
ApushBpullCputDpour
6 🔊 fresh 的中文?
A冷的B新鲜的C热的D干的
7 🔊 把动词改成动名词: grow →
8 🔊 把动词改成动名词: take →
9 🔊 把动词改成动名词: run →
10 🔊 把动词改成动名词: swim →

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 vegetables is my new hobby.
AGrowBGrowingCTo growingDGrew
2 🔊 Watering the plants part of my routine.
AisBareCbeDwere
3 🔊 My hobby gardening.
AisBareCdoDdoes
4 🔊 books makes me happy.
AReadBReadingCTo readDReads
5 🔊 Her job is children.
AteachBteachingCto teachDtaught
6 🔊 Helping others a good thing.
AisBareCbeDwere
7 🔊 填空: (eat) too much sugar is bad for health.
8 🔊 填空: (sing) is my favorite hobby.
9 🔊 填空: My favorite activity is (paint).
10 🔊 填空: (take) photos (be) my hobby.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 翻译: 在阳台上种菜很有趣。
2 🔊 翻译: 我的爱好是读园艺书。
3 🔊 改错: Reading books are my hobby.
4 🔊 改错: Eating fresh fruits make me happy.
5 🔊 区分: She is cooking. / Her job is cooking.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 3 个动名词作主语写出 3 个生活习惯。
2 🔊 把"It is interesting to grow vegetables"改成动名词作主语句。
3 🔊 描写自己的爱好, 用动名词作表语 (3 句以上)。
4 🔊 用动名词作主语描写菜园的一天 (3-4 句)。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了什么是动名词
✅ 我掌握了动名词作主语
✅ 我掌握了动名词作表语

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 4 · Getting Ready for the Piano Show 准备钢琴比赛

新知识点:动名词作宾语 (核心动词) + try doing vs try to do

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 2 · LESSON 4

Lesson 4 · 准备钢琴比赛

Getting Ready for the Piano Show
📚 动名词

📖 Text 课文

钢琴比赛
🎹🎵🏆🎤👏
🔊My sister Maya enjoys playing the piano more than anything else.
🔊Next month, she will join the city piano show for young students.
🔊She started practicing two new pieces last weekend.
🔊Every day, Maya keeps practicing for at least three hours.
🔊She doesn't mind playing the same part again and again.
🔊Our piano teacher suggests recording each practice on her phone.
🔊After listening, Maya can avoid making the same mistakes.
🔊Last Sunday, she finally finished learning the second piece.
🔊Mom suggests taking a short break after long practice sessions.
🔊But Maya doesn't mind missing TV shows when the show is close.
🔊She practices smiling at the audience before she plays.
🔊I really admire how she keeps trying without giving up.
🔊I think the show will be wonderful if she keeps working this hard!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
piano/piˈænəʊ/n. 钢琴
show/ʃəʊ/n./v. 比赛; 表演; 展示
piece/piːs/n. 一首(曲子); 一片
practice/ˈpræktɪs/v./n. 练习
mind/maɪnd/v. 介意
record/rɪˈkɔːd/v. 录制; 记录
avoid/əˈvɔɪd/v. 避免
mistake/mɪˈsteɪk/n. 错误
finish/ˈfɪnɪʃ/v. 完成
suggest/səˈdʒest/v. 建议
session/ˈseʃn/n. 一段时间; 一节
audience/ˈɔːdiəns/n. 观众
admire/ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩; 敬佩
give up/—/phr. 放弃
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
pianon.钢琴

用法:play the piano (要加 the)

I play the piano well. — 我钢琴弹得好。

💡 相关: musical instrument

shown./v.比赛; 表演; 展示

用法:a piano show 钢琴比赛/表演

The show starts at 7. — 表演 7 点开始。

💡 近义: contest, performance

piecen.一首(曲子); 一片

用法:a piece of music 一首曲子

This piece is beautiful. — 这首曲子很美。

💡 相关: song

practicev./n.练习

用法:practice + doing (不能 to do)

Practice makes perfect. — 熟能生巧。

💡 近义: train

mindv.介意

用法:mind + doing (不能 to do)

Do you mind opening the door? — 你介意开下门吗?

💡 反义: enjoy

recordv.录制; 记录

用法:动词重音在第二音节

Record the song. — 把这首歌录下来。

💡 相关: recording

avoidv.避免

用法:avoid + doing (不能 to do)

Avoid being late. — 避免迟到。

💡 近义: stay away from

mistaken.错误

用法:make a mistake 犯错

I made a mistake. — 我犯了一个错。

💡 近义: error

finishv.完成

用法:finish + doing (不能 to do)

I finished my homework. — 我做完作业了。

💡 反义: start

suggestv.建议

用法:suggest + doing (不能 to do)

I suggest going early. — 我建议早点去。

💡 近义: recommend

sessionn.一段时间; 一节

用法:practice session 练习时段

a 30-minute session — 30分钟的一节

💡 相关: period

audiencen.观众

用法:集体名词

The audience is happy. — 观众很开心。

💡 相关: viewer

admirev.钦佩; 敬佩

用法:admire sb. for sth.

I admire her courage. — 我敬佩她的勇气。

💡 近义: respect

give upphr.放弃

用法:give up + doing/n.

Don't give up! — 别放弃!

💡 近义: quit

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 enjoy doing sth.
喜欢做某事
🔊 finish doing sth.
做完某事
🔊 keep doing sth.
继续做……
🔊 mind doing sth.
介意做……
🔊 practice doing sth.
练习做……
🔊 give up doing sth.
放弃做……
🔊 stop doing (停下不做)
停止做
🔊 a piano contest
钢琴比赛
🔊 play the piano
弹钢琴
🔊 every day after school
每天放学后
🔊 do one's best
尽力
🔊 win the first prize
获一等奖

🇨🇳 参考译文

我姐姐玛雅最喜欢弹钢琴。

下个月她要参加市里的青少年钢琴比赛。

她上周末开始练习两首新曲子。

玛雅每天坚持练习至少三小时。

她不介意一遍又一遍弹同一段。

我们的钢琴老师建议把每次练习录在手机上。

听完之后, 玛雅可以避免犯同样的错误。

上周日, 她终于学完了第二首曲子。

妈妈建议长时间练习后短暂休息。

但比赛快到时, 玛雅不介意错过电视节目。

她在弹奏前练习对观众微笑。

我很佩服她坚持不放弃地努力。

我觉得如果她这样努力, 比赛一定会很精彩!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:动名词(二)作宾语
主语 + 动词 + 动名词(V-ing) + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ enjoy + V-ing I enjoy playing piano.
▸ finish + V-ing I finished practicing.
▸ mind + V-ing Do you mind waiting?
▸ keep + V-ing Keep trying!
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I enjoy practicing the piano. 我喜欢练钢琴。
🔊 She finished playing the song. 她弹完了那首曲子。
⚠️ enjoy/finish/mind/keep/practice 这些动词后必须用 -ing,不能用 to do!

一、动名词作宾语 (核心动词)

某些动词后必须跟动名词 (doing), 不能跟不定式 (to do)。这是中考必考点。

常见动词 (口诀: 喜爱完成介意, 建议练习避免坚持):

enjoy + doing  喜欢做
finish + doing  完成做
mind + doing  介意做
suggest + doing  建议做
practice + doing  练习做
avoid + doing  避免做
keep + doing  坚持/继续做
⚠️ ✗ enjoy to play ✓ enjoy playing
⚠️ ✗ finish to do ✓ finish doing

二、try doing vs try to do

try 后面接动名词和不定式意义不同, 是常考易混点。

try doing VS try to do  试着做 vs 努力去做
Try opening the window. — 试着打开窗户 (看效果如何)。
Try to open the window. — 努力去打开窗户 (但可能有困难)。
💡 try doing 强调"尝试"; try to do 强调"努力"

三、stop doing vs stop to do

stop 后面接动名词和不定式也不同, 同样是高频考点。

stop doing VS stop to do  停止做 vs 停下来去做
He stopped playing the piano. — 他不弹钢琴了 (停止)。
He stopped to play the piano. — 他停下来去弹钢琴 (开始弹)。
💡 stop + doing = 不再做这件事
stop + to do = 停下原来的事去做新的事

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Maya keeps practicing for at least three hours every day.
玛雅每天坚持练习至少三小时。
1. keep + doing: 坚持做某事
2. for + 时间段: 持续了多长时间
3. at least: 至少
📝 即练:
填空: She keeps ___ (study) until midnight. → studying (keep + doing)
翻译: 我坚持每天读书。 → I keep reading every day. (keep + doing)
🔊
She doesn't mind playing the same part again and again.
她不介意一遍又一遍弹同一段。
1. mind + doing: 介意做某事
2. doesn't mind = 不介意
3. again and again: 一遍又一遍
📝 即练:
填空: Do you mind ___ (open) the window? → opening (mind + doing)
翻译: 我不介意等。 → I don't mind waiting. (don't mind + doing)
🔊
After listening, Maya can avoid making the same mistakes.
听完之后, 玛雅可以避免犯同样的错误。
1. avoid + doing: 避免做某事
2. After + doing: 在做……之后
3. make mistakes: 犯错
📝 即练:
填空: Avoid ___ (eat) too late. → eating (avoid + doing)
翻译: 我避免熬夜。 → I avoid staying up late. (avoid + doing)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 piano 前要不要加 the?
A不加B加 theC加 aD加 an
2 🔊 admire 的中文?
A同意B钦佩C允许D增加
3 🔊 audience 的中文?
A听写B观众C声音D答案
4 🔊 avoid 的中文?
A寻找B避免C允许D帮助
5 🔊 enjoy + (doing/to do?)
6 🔊 finish + (形式)
7 🔊 mind + (形式)
8 🔊 suggest + (形式)
9 🔊 avoid + (形式)
10 🔊 keep + (形式)

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 I enjoy the piano.
AplayBplayingCto playDplayed
2 🔊 She finished the piece yesterday.
AlearnBlearningCto learnDlearns
3 🔊 Do you mind the door?
AcloseBclosingCto closeDclosed
4 🔊 He suggests a break.
AtakeBtakingCto takeDtook
5 🔊 You should avoid junk food.
AeatBeatingCto eatDate
6 🔊 They kept until 9 pm.
ApracticeBpracticingCto practiceDpracticed
7 🔊 He stopped a break.
AtakeBtakingCto takeDtook
8 🔊 She stopped the piano when her teacher came.
AplayBplayingCto playDplays
9 🔊 填空: I practice (sing) every day.
10 🔊 填空: She enjoys (record) her piano practice.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 翻译: 玛雅每天练习钢琴 3 小时。
2 🔊 翻译: 我建议你录下你的练习。
3 🔊 改错: I enjoy to play the piano.
4 🔊 区分: She stopped playing piano. / She stopped to play piano.
5 🔊 区分: Try opening the door. / Try to open the door.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 5 个不同动词 + 动名词描写自己一周的活动。
2 🔊 改错: I avoid to make mistakes when I play the piano.
3 🔊 描写自己练习一项技能的过程, 至少用 3 个"动词+动名词"的搭配。
4 🔊 分别用 try doing 和 try to do 各造一句。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了动名词作宾语 (核心动词)
✅ 我掌握了try doing vs try to do
✅ 我掌握了stop doing vs stop to do

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 5 · Our Moving Day 我家的搬家日

新知识点:动名词作介词宾语 (核心规则) + 特殊短语: be responsible for / thank sb. for / warn sb. about

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 2 · LESSON 5

Lesson 5 · 我家的搬家日

Our Moving Day
📚 动名词

📖 Text 课文

搬家日
📦🚚🏠🪑📚💪
🔊Last Saturday, my family moved into a new apartment by the river.
🔊My dad is good at planning everything, so he made a list before moving.
🔊Instead of using a moving company, we packed everything by ourselves.
🔊My brother helped Mom by carrying the lighter boxes downstairs.
🔊I was responsible for wrapping all the dishes in old newspapers.
🔊Thanks to working together, we finished everything before lunch.
🔊Mom thanked the neighbors for helping us with the heavy furniture.
🔊On the way to the new home, I was looking forward to seeing my new room.
🔊Dad warned us about being careful with the glass items.
🔊After unpacking the boxes, we ate pizza on the floor.
🔊I'm interested in decorating my room with the photos I took last summer.
🔊By the end of the day, our new apartment already felt like home.
🔊What a long but happy day it was!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
apartment/əˈpɑːtmənt/n. 公寓
plan/plæn/v./n. 计划
list/lɪst/n./v. 清单
pack/pæk/v. 打包
carry/ˈkæri/v. 搬; 携带
responsible/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 负责的
wrap/ræp/v. 包; 裹
dish/dɪʃ/n. 碟子; 菜肴
furniture/ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/n. 家具
warn/wɔːn/v. 警告
careful/ˈkeəfl/adj. 小心的
unpack/ʌnˈpæk/v. 拆开; 打开行李
decorate/ˈdekəreɪt/v. 装饰
be interested in/—/phr. 对……感兴趣
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
apartmentn.公寓

用法:美式英语

We live in a small apartment. — 我们住小公寓。

💡 英式: flat

planv./n.计划

用法:be good at planning 擅长规划

Let's plan a trip. — 我们计划一次旅行吧。

💡 近义: organize

listn./v.清单

用法:make a list 列清单

I have a shopping list. — 我有购物清单。

💡 近义: schedule

packv.打包

用法:pack/unpack 打包/拆开

I'm packing my bag. — 我在打包行李。

💡 反义: unpack

carryv.搬; 携带

用法:carry sth.

Carry the box upstairs. — 把箱子搬上楼。

💡 近义: take

responsibleadj.负责的

用法:be responsible for + doing

I'm responsible for cleaning. — 我负责打扫。

💡 相关: responsibility

wrapv.包; 裹

用法:wrap sth. in sth.

Wrap the gift in paper. — 用纸包礼物。

💡 反义: unwrap

dishn.碟子; 菜肴

用法:复数 dishes

Wash the dishes after dinner. — 晚饭后洗碗。

💡 相关: plate

furnituren.家具

用法:不可数名词 (没有复数)

We need new furniture. — 我们需要新家具。

💡 相关: chair, table

warnv.警告

用法:warn sb. about/of

He warned me about the test. — 他提醒我考试的事。

💡 近义: alert

carefuladj.小心的

用法:be careful with sth.

Be careful with knives. — 小心刀子。

💡 反义: careless

unpackv.拆开; 打开行李

用法:un + pack

I'm unpacking my bag. — 我在拆行李。

💡 反义: pack

decoratev.装饰

用法:decorate sth. with sth.

Decorate the room with flowers. — 用花装饰房间。

💡 相关: decoration

be interested inphr.对……感兴趣

用法:be interested in + doing/n.

I'm interested in music. — 我对音乐感兴趣。

💡 相关: interest

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 be good at packing
擅长打包
🔊 be interested in doing
对做……感兴趣
🔊 look forward to seeing
盼望见到
🔊 thank sb. for helping
感谢某人帮忙
🔊 be tired of doing
厌倦做……
🔊 be afraid of doing
害怕做……
🔊 be used to doing
习惯做……
🔊 instead of doing
代替做……
🔊 moving day
搬家日
🔊 pack things in boxes
把东西装进箱子
🔊 move into a new home
搬入新家
🔊 say goodbye to
向……告别

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周六, 我家搬进了河边的新公寓。

我爸爸擅长规划一切, 所以他在搬家前列了清单。

我们没有请搬家公司, 而是自己打包了所有东西。

我弟弟通过搬较轻的箱子下楼帮妈妈。

我负责用旧报纸包所有的碗碟。

多亏一起努力, 我们午饭前就完成了一切。

妈妈感谢邻居帮我们搬沉重的家具。

去新家的路上, 我期待着看自己的新房间。

爸爸警告我们要小心玻璃物品。

拆开箱子后, 我们坐在地板上吃比萨。

我有兴趣用去年夏天拍的照片装饰我的房间。

到一天结束时, 我们的新公寓已经感觉像家了。

多么漫长又快乐的一天啊!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:动名词(三)作介词宾语
介词 + 动名词(V-ing)
📐 句型拆解
▸ be good at + V-ing 擅长做...
▸ be interested in + V-ing 对...感兴趣
▸ look forward to + V-ing 盼望做...
▸ thank sb. for + V-ing 感谢...
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I am good at packing boxes. 我擅长打包箱子。
🔊 Thank you for helping us move. 谢谢你帮我们搬家。
⚠️ 介词后面必须跟动名词!"good at to swim" ❌ → "good at swimming" ✓

一、动名词作介词宾语 (核心规则)

介词后面接动词时, 必须用动名词形式 (doing), 不能用动词原形或不定式。

常见结构: 介词 + doing

be good at + doing  擅长做
be interested in + doing  对……感兴趣
thanks to + doing  多亏做
instead of + doing  代替做
by + doing  通过做
after + doing  在……之后
before + doing  在……之前
My dad is good at planning everything. — 我爸爸擅长规划一切。
After unpacking the boxes, we ate pizza. — 拆开箱子后, 我们吃了比萨。

二、特殊短语: be responsible for / thank sb. for / warn sb. about

这些固定搭配都以介词结尾, 后面接动名词。

be responsible for + doing  负责做
thank sb. for + doing  感谢某人做
warn sb. about + doing  警告某人做
I was responsible for wrapping the dishes. — 我负责包碗碟。
Mom thanked the neighbors for helping us. — 妈妈感谢邻居帮我们。
Dad warned us about being careful. — 爸爸警告我们要小心。

三、to 的两个身份 (重难点)

to 既可能是不定式标志 (后接动词原形), 也可能是介词 (后接动名词)。要看具体短语。

to 是介词的常见短语 (后接 doing):

look forward to + doing  期待做
be used to + doing  习惯于做
pay attention to + doing  注意做

to 是不定式标志的常见短语 (后接 v.):

want to + do  想要做
plan to + do  计划做
I was looking forward to seeing my new room. — 我期待着看自己的新房间 (to 是介词)。
⚠️ ✗ I look forward to see you. ✓ I look forward to seeing you.

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Instead of using a moving company, we packed everything by ourselves.
我们没有请搬家公司, 而是自己打包了所有东西。
1. instead of + doing: 代替做某事
2. of 是介词, 后接动名词
3. by ourselves: 反身代词, 自己 (亲自)
📝 即练:
填空: Instead of ___ (drive), I take the bus. → driving (of + doing)
翻译: 他不打电话, 而是发短信。 → Instead of calling, he sends texts. (Instead of + doing)
🔊
My brother helped Mom by carrying the lighter boxes downstairs.
我弟弟通过搬较轻的箱子下楼帮妈妈。
1. by + doing: 通过做某事 (方式)
2. lighter: light 的比较级
3. help sb. by doing: 通过……来帮助某人
📝 即练:
填空: I learn English by ___ (read) books. → reading (by + doing)
翻译: 通过运动我变得健康了。 → I became healthy by exercising. (by + doing)
🔊
I was looking forward to seeing my new room.
我期待着看我的新房间。
1. look forward to + doing: 期待做某事
2. 这里的 to 是介词, 不是不定式标志
3. 进行时 was looking forward to: 一直期待着
📝 即练:
填空: I look forward to ___ (meet) you again. → meeting (look forward to 的 to 是介词)
改错: I look forward to see you. → I look forward to seeing you. (to 后接动名词)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 apartment 的中文?
A公寓B部分C苹果D工厂
2 🔊 pack 的反义词?
AunpackBwrapCputDpull
3 🔊 furniture 是?
A可数B不可数C都可D专有名词
4 🔊 responsible 的中文?
A有反应的B负责的C回答D尊重的
5 🔊 wrap 的中文?
A说唱B快速CD到达
6 🔊 be good + doing.
7 🔊 be interested + doing.
8 🔊 instead + doing.
9 🔊 thanks + doing/n.
10 🔊 be responsible + doing.

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 I am good at pictures.
AdrawBdrawingCto drawDdrew
2 🔊 She helps her mom by housework.
AdoBdoingCto doDdone
3 🔊 Thanks for me.
AhelpBhelpingCto helpDhelps
4 🔊 I look forward to you again.
AseeBseeingCsawDsees
5 🔊 After dinner, we watched TV.
AhaveBhavingCto haveDhad
6 🔊 Instead of a taxi, we walked.
AtakeBtakingCto takeDtook
7 🔊 He's interested in stamps.
AcollectBcollectingCto collectDcollects
8 🔊 I'm responsible for (clean) the room.
9 🔊 Be careful when (cross) the road.
10 🔊 How about (go) to the park?

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 翻译: 我擅长用电脑找信息。
2 🔊 翻译: 多亏了一起努力, 我们提前完成了。
3 🔊 翻译: 他不打电话, 而是发邮件。
4 🔊 改错: I look forward to see you.
5 🔊 改错: He is good at to swim.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 4 个不同介词 + 动名词的短语描写搬家日。
2 🔊 把句子合并 (用 thanks to): The neighbors helped us. We finished early.
3 🔊 区分: I want to go. / I look forward to going.
4 🔊 描写自己的爱好, 用至少 2 个介词 + 动名词。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了动名词作介词宾语 (核心规则)
✅ 我掌握了特殊短语: be responsible for / thank sb. for / warn sb. about
✅ 我掌握了to 的两个身份 (重难点)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 6 · A Friend's Promise 朋友的承诺

新知识点:什么是宾语从句 + that 可以省略

⬆️ 返回目录
Chapter 3

宾语从句

📚 包含 Lesson 6 - 9
📍 Chapter 3 · LESSON 6

Lesson 6 · 朋友的承诺

A Friend's Promise
📚 宾语从句

📖 Text 课文

朋友的承诺
🤝👫💌❤️🌟
🔊Last Friday, my best friend Tony told me that he had a big secret.
🔊He said that his family was moving to another city next month.
🔊I felt sad and thought that he would forget me soon.
🔊Tony noticed that I looked unhappy during lunch break.
🔊He explained that the new city was only two hours away by train.
🔊He promised that we would still be best friends forever.
🔊He also said that he would visit me every winter and summer holiday.
🔊I believed that distance would not change our friendship.
🔊Mom told me that real friends always stay close in the heart.
🔊I realized that growing up means saying goodbye sometimes.
🔊But I also know that we can keep in touch through phone calls and messages.
🔊Now I understand that good friendships are worth keeping.
🔊I hope that Tony will have a wonderful life in his new home.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
promise/ˈprɒmɪs/n./v. 承诺
secret/ˈsiːkrət/n. 秘密
move/muːv/v. 搬家; 移动
notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意到
explain/ɪkˈspleɪn/v. 解释
distance/ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离
friendship/ˈfrendʃɪp/n. 友谊
realize/ˈriːəlaɪz/v. 意识到
goodbye/ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ/n./int. 再见
keep in touch/—/phr. 保持联系
message/ˈmesɪdʒ/n. 信息
understand/ˌʌndəˈstænd/v. 理解
worth/wɜːθ/adj. 值得
hope/həʊp/v. 希望
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
promisen./v.承诺

用法:promise that 从句

I promise to come. — 我承诺会来。

💡 近义: vow

secretn.秘密

用法:keep a secret 保守秘密

It's a big secret. — 这是大秘密。

💡 相关: hidden

movev.搬家; 移动

用法:move to + 地点

We moved to Beijing. — 我们搬到北京。

💡 相关: relocate

noticev.注意到

用法:notice that 从句

I noticed his change. — 我注意到他的变化。

💡 近义: observe

explainv.解释

用法:explain that 从句

Let me explain. — 让我解释一下。

💡 相关: explanation

distancen.距离

用法:a long distance

It's a short distance. — 距离很短。

💡 相关: far 远

friendshipn.友谊

用法:friend + ship

Our friendship is strong. — 我们的友谊很牢固。

💡 相关: friend

realizev.意识到

用法:realize that 从句

I realize my mistake. — 我意识到我的错误。

💡 近义: understand

goodbyen./int.再见

用法:say goodbye 说再见

She said goodbye. — 她说了再见。

💡 反义: hello

keep in touchphr.保持联系

用法:keep in touch with sb.

Keep in touch with us. — 保持联系。

💡 相关: contact

messagen.信息

用法:send/get a message

I got your message. — 我收到信息了。

💡 相关: text

understandv.理解

用法:understand that 从句

I understand you. — 我理解你。

💡 相关: get

worthadj.值得

用法:worth + doing/n.

It's worth trying. — 值得一试。

💡 相关: deserve

hopev.希望

用法:hope that 从句

I hope it works. — 我希望奏效。

💡 相关: wish

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 I think (that)...
我认为……
🔊 I believe (that)...
我相信……
🔊 I know (that)...
我知道……
🔊 I hope (that)...
我希望……
🔊 say (that)...
说……
🔊 tell sb. (that)...
告诉某人……
🔊 keep one's promise
遵守诺言
🔊 break one's promise
违背诺言
🔊 be there for sb.
陪伴某人
🔊 a real friend
真正的朋友
🔊 trust each other
互相信任
🔊 through thick and thin
同甘共苦

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周五, 我最好的朋友托尼告诉我他有个大秘密。

他说他家下个月要搬去另一个城市。

我很难过, 觉得他很快会忘了我。

托尼发现午休时我看起来不开心。

他解释说新城市坐火车只要两小时。

他承诺我们仍然会是永远的好朋友。

他还说他每个寒暑假都会来看我。

我相信距离不会改变我们的友谊。

妈妈告诉我真正的朋友心中永远很近。

我意识到长大意味着有时要说再见。

但我也知道我们可以通过电话和信息保持联系。

现在我明白好的友谊是值得珍惜的。

我希望托尼在新家有美好的生活。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:宾语从句(一)that 引导
主语 + 动词 + (that) + 主语 + 谓语 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ think/believe/know I think (that) it is true.
▸ say/tell sb. He said (that) he was tired.
▸ that 可以省略 口语中常省
▸ 从句用陈述语序 主 + 谓 + 宾
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I think (that) Tom is a good friend. 我觉得 Tom 是个好朋友。
🔊 She believes that he will come. 她相信他会来。
⚠️ 宾语从句必须用"陈述语序"——即使主句是问句!"Do you know what is this?" ❌

一、什么是宾语从句

宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句, 通常跟在动词后面。引导词最常见的是 that

结构: 主语 + 谓语 + that + 从句

Tony told me that he had a big secret. — 托尼告诉我他有个大秘密。
He said that his family was moving. — 他说他家要搬走。
I believed that distance would not change our friendship. — 我相信距离不会改变我们的友谊。
💡 常见引导从句的动词: say, tell, think, know, believe, hope, find, notice, realize, understand, explain, promise 等

二、that 可以省略

that 在宾语从句中通常可以省略, 尤其在口语中。

I think that he is right. VS I think he is right.  that 可省略, 意思一样
I hope that you can come. VS I hope you can come.  that 可省略
⚠️ 但在正式书面语中, 保留 that 更清楚。

三、宾语从句的时态一致

主句过去时, 从句要用相应的过去时态。这是中考必考点。

一般现在时 一般过去时  is/are → was/were
一般过去时 过去完成时  did → had done
一般将来时 过去将来时  will → would
He said that his family was moving. — 他说他家要搬走 (主从都过去时)。
He promised that we would still be friends. — 他承诺我们还是朋友 (will → would)。
⚠️ 但是, 客观真理永远用一般现在时:
The teacher said that the earth is round. 老师说地球是圆的。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Tony told me that he had a big secret.
托尼告诉我他有个大秘密。
1. told me + that 从句
2. that 可省略
3. 主句 told 过去时, 从句 had 也过去时
📝 即练:
填空: He told me ___ he was sick. → that (可省略) (told me + (that) 从句)
翻译: 她告诉我她搬家了。 → She told me (that) she had moved. (主从时态过去式)
🔊
I believed that distance would not change our friendship.
我相信距离不会改变我们的友谊。
1. believed + that 从句
2. would not change: 主句过去时, 从句 will → would
3. distance 是主语, 不可数名词
📝 即练:
填空: I think (that) he ___ (will come) tomorrow. → will come (主句现在时, 从句将来时)
改成主句过去时: I think he will come. → I thought he would come. (think → thought, will → would)
🔊
Mom told me that real friends always stay close in the heart.
妈妈告诉我真正的朋友心中永远很近。
1. told me + that 从句
2. 表示常理/客观事实, 从句保留一般现在时 (尽管主句过去时)
3. stay close: 保持亲近
📝 即练:
填空 (客观事实): The teacher said that water ___ at 100 degrees. → boils (客观真理用一般现在时)
改错: She said that the sun rose in the east. → She said that the sun rises in the east. (客观真理永远用现在时)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 27 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1 🔊 promise 的中文?
A前提B承诺C过程D问题
2 🔊 realize 的中文?
A真实B意识到C现实D需要
3 🔊 distance 的中文?
A距离B远的C不同D日期
4 🔊 friendship 是?
A朋友B友谊C友善D团体
5 🔊 常用宾语从句的动词不包括?
AsayBtellCrunDknow
6 🔊 宾语从句的常用引导词 (陈述句变):
7 🔊 that 可以 (省略/必须)
8 🔊 主句过去时, 从句要用 时态。

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 He said that he moving.
AisBwasCareDwere
2 🔊 I think he is right.
Athat 或省略BwhatCifDhow
3 🔊 She told me that the earth round.
AwasBisCwereDwill be
4 🔊 He promised that he visit me.
AwillBwouldCisDwas
5 🔊 I noticed that he unhappy.
AlookBlooksClookedDis looking
6 🔊 Mom said that water at 100°C.
AboilsBboiledCwill boilDis boiling
7 🔊 改错: He told me that he is moving.
8 🔊 把句子加上 that: I think he is right.
9 🔊 把句子改成主句过去时: I think he will come. → I he come.
10 🔊 填空: She believes that her son (be) clever.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 翻译: 老师告诉我们好朋友是值得珍惜的。
2 🔊 翻译: 我相信他会成功。
3 🔊 翻译: 他说他第二天会来。
4 🔊 改错: She said that her father is a doctor.
5 🔊 改错: The teacher told us that the moon went around the earth.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 3 个不同动词 + that 从句写 3 个句子。
2 🔊 把直接引语改间接引语: Tony said, "I am moving next month."
3 🔊 区分: She said that water boils at 100°C. / She said that the test was hard.
4 🔊 描写自己最近从家人/朋友那里听到的话, 用 3 个 that 宾语从句。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了什么是宾语从句
✅ 我掌握了that 可以省略
✅ 我掌握了宾语从句的时态一致

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 7 · The After-School Club 课外社团咨询

新知识点:if/whether 引导的宾语从句 + 宾语从句必须用陈述语序

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 3 · LESSON 7

Lesson 7 · 课外社团咨询

The After-School Club
📚 宾语从句

📖 Text 课文

课外社团
🎨🎵📚🎭🏃
🔊Last week, I went to the school office to ask about after-school clubs.
🔊I wanted to know if there were any new clubs this term.
🔊Mr. Lee asked me whether I was interested in sports or art.
🔊I told him I wasn't sure if drawing was a good choice for me.
🔊He asked whether I had ever joined a club before.
🔊I wondered if the chess club was still open for new members.
🔊Mr. Lee checked the list and asked whether I knew how to play chess.
🔊I wasn't sure whether my skills were good enough to join.
🔊He told me that beginners were welcome too.
🔊I asked if I needed to bring my own chess board.
🔊He said the club provided everything for new members.
🔊I asked whether the club met every Friday or only twice a month.
🔊I'm so glad I now know what to do with my Friday afternoons!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
office/ˈɒfɪs/n. 办公室
after-school/ˈɑːftə skuːl/adj. 课后的
club/klʌb/n. 社团; 俱乐部
term/tɜːm/n. 学期
drawing/ˈdrɔːɪŋ/n. 绘画
choice/tʃɔɪs/n. 选择
chess/tʃes/n. 国际象棋
member/ˈmembə(r)/n. 成员
wonder/ˈwʌndə(r)/v. 想知道
skill/skɪl/n. 技能
enough/ɪˈnʌf/adj./adv. 足够的
beginner/bɪˈɡɪnə(r)/n. 初学者
welcome/ˈwelkəm/adj./v. 受欢迎的; 欢迎
provide/prəˈvaɪd/v. 提供
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
officen.办公室

用法:school office 学校办公室

Go to the office. — 去办公室。

💡 相关: room

after-schooladj.课后的

用法:after + school

an after-school club — 课后社团

💡 相关: extracurricular

clubn.社团; 俱乐部

用法:join a club 加入社团

The chess club is fun. — 象棋社团很有趣。

💡 相关: group

termn.学期

用法:this term 这学期

It is a busy term. — 这是个繁忙的学期。

💡 近义: semester

drawingn.绘画

用法:draw + ing

I love drawing. — 我喜欢画画。

💡 相关: painting

choicen.选择

用法:a good choice 好的选择

It's a hard choice. — 这是艰难的选择。

💡 相关: choose

chessn.国际象棋

用法:play chess 下国际象棋

I love chess. — 我喜欢国际象棋。

💡 相关: board game

membern.成员

用法:a new member 新成员

He is a club member. — 他是社团成员。

💡 相关: membership

wonderv.想知道

用法:wonder if/whether/wh-

I wonder why. — 我想知道为什么。

💡 近义: want to know

skilln.技能

用法:develop skills 培养技能

She has great skills. — 她技能很好。

💡 相关: ability

enoughadj./adv.足够的

用法:good enough 够好

That's enough. — 够了。

💡 相关: sufficient

beginnern.初学者

用法:begin + ner

I'm a beginner. — 我是初学者。

💡 反义: expert

welcomeadj./v.受欢迎的; 欢迎

用法:be welcome to do

Welcome to the club! — 欢迎加入社团!

💡 相关: greet

providev.提供

用法:provide sth.

They provide food. — 他们提供食物。

💡 近义: offer

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 wonder if...
想知道是否……
🔊 be not sure whether...
不确定是否……
🔊 Could you tell me whether...?
你能告诉我是否……吗?
🔊 whether or not
是否……
🔊 decide which one to join
决定加入哪个
🔊 after-school clubs
课外社团
🔊 the art club
美术社
🔊 the music club
音乐社
🔊 the sports team
运动队
🔊 be open to all students
对所有学生开放
🔊 try out for
试加入……
🔊 build skills and friends
培养技能和友谊

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周我去学校办公室咨询课外社团。

我想知道这学期有没有新社团。

李老师问我是不是对运动或艺术感兴趣。

我告诉他我不确定绘画是不是适合我的选择。

他问我之前有没有参加过社团。

我想知道国际象棋社是否还在招新成员。

李老师查了名单, 问我会不会下国际象棋。

我不确定我的水平是否够好加入。

他告诉我新手也欢迎。

我问需不需要带自己的棋盘。

他说社团给新成员提供一切。

我问社团是每周五活动还是一个月两次。

我很高兴现在知道周五下午做什么了!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:宾语从句(二)if / whether
主语 + 动词 + if/whether + 主语 + 谓语 (...or not)
📐 句型拆解
▸ if = 是否 I wonder if it is true.
▸ whether = 是否(更正式) I am not sure whether...
▸ whether or not whether he comes or not
▸ 不能用 if or not if or not ❌ → whether or not
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I wonder if I can join the club. 我想知道我能不能加入社团。
🔊 Can you tell me whether she is at home? 你能告诉我她是否在家吗?
💡 if/whether 都表"是否",但 "if or not" 错误!正确是 "whether or not"。

一、if/whether 引导的宾语从句

当原句是一般疑问句 (Yes/No 问句) 时, 变成宾语从句要用 ifwhether 引导, 表示"是否"。

结构: 主语 + 动词 + if/whether + 陈述语序

Are there new clubs? VS I want to know if there are new clubs.  一般疑问句 → 宾语从句
Do you like chess? VS He asked whether I liked chess.  一般疑问句 → 宾语从句
⚠️ if 和 whether 在引导宾语从句时通常可以互换, 都表示"是否"。

二、宾语从句必须用陈述语序

⚠️ 这是中考最常考的点。变成宾语从句后, 语序必须改成陈述语序 (主语 + 谓语), 不能保留疑问句的语序。

Are you ready? VS whether you are ready  问句倒装 → 从句陈述
Did he come? VS if he came  问句助动词 → 从句直接动词
⚠️ 错误示范: ✗ I want to know are you ready. ✓ I want to know if you are ready.
💡 把 do/does/did 这些助动词去掉, 把动词形式还原:
Did he go? → if he went (did 去掉, go 改成过去式 went)

三、if 的两种用法 (易混)

if 既可以引导宾语从句 ("是否"), 也可以引导条件状语从句 ("如果")。要看上下文区分。

I will go if it rains. VS I want to know if it rains.  "如果" vs "是否"
I asked if I needed to bring my chess board. — 我问是否需要带棋盘 (是否)
I will join the club if it meets on Fridays. — 如果社团周五活动我就加入 (如果)
💡 区分技巧: 看主句动词。如果是 ask, wonder, know 等"信息类"动词, if 是"是否"; 否则是"如果"。
⚠️ 在某些情况下只能用 whether, 不能用 if:
• 介词后: discuss whether... ✗ discuss if
• 后面紧跟 or not: whether or not... ✗ if or not

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I wanted to know if there were any new clubs this term.
我想知道这学期有没有新社团。
1. wanted to know + if 从句
2. if = 是否
3. 陈述语序: there were any new clubs (不是 were there any)
4. 主从时态一致: wanted (过去) + were (过去)
📝 即练:
改错: I want to know if are there new clubs. → I want to know if there are new clubs. (陈述语序)
把问句改成宾语从句 (主句: I asked): Is he sick? → I asked if/whether he was sick. (if/whether + 陈述语序 + 时态过去式)
🔊
Mr. Lee asked me whether I was interested in sports or art.
李老师问我是不是对运动或艺术感兴趣。
1. asked me + whether 从句
2. whether 比 if 稍正式
3. 主从时态一致: asked + was
📝 即练:
把问句改成宾语从句 (主句: She asked): Do you like English? → She asked whether/if I liked English. (whether/if + 陈述语序 + 时态过去式)
填空: I wonder ___ he is at home or not. → whether (后面有 or not, 用 whether)
🔊
I asked if I needed to bring my own chess board.
我问需不需要带自己的棋盘。
1. asked + if 从句
2. if 这里是"是否" (不是"如果")
3. 陈述语序: I needed (不是 did I need)
📝 即练:
区分: I will help if you need. / I asked if you needed help. → 第一句 if = 如果(条件); 第二句 if = 是否(宾语从句) (看上下文)
把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 He wondered): Did she come? → He wondered if/whether she had come. (did → 时态变化, came → had come)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 27 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1 🔊 wonder 的中文?
A遗忘B想知道C神奇的D明白
2 🔊 club 的中文?
A社团B俱乐部C都对D都不对
3 🔊 beginner 的反义词?
AstudentBteacherCexpertDdoctor
4 🔊 choice 的动词形式?
AchooseBchoosedCchoicesDchose
5 🔊 宾语从句的引导词 (一般疑问句变):
6 🔊 if/whether 引导的宾语从句必须用 语序。
7 🔊 后面紧跟 or not 时, 只能用 (if/whether)
8 🔊 介词后只能用 (if/whether)

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 I want to know he is at home.
AthatBifChowDwhat
2 🔊 She asked ?
Aif I was OKBwas I OKCif was I OKDI was OK
3 🔊 I wonder he will come or not.
AifBwhetherCthatDwhen
4 🔊 He asked me I had finished my work.
AthatBwhetherChowDwhen
5 🔊 Let's discuss to go or stay.
AifBwhetherCthatDhow
6 🔊 哪个对?
AI want to know if are you OK.BI want to know if you are OK.CI want to know are you OK.DI want to know whether are you OK.
7 🔊 改错: I asked if were they happy.
8 🔊 改错: She wonders whether do I come.
9 🔊 把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 I want to know): Does he like English?
10 🔊 把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 He asked): Are you tired?

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 I asked her): Do you like swimming?
2 🔊 翻译: 我想知道她是否来。
3 🔊 翻译: 老师问我是否做完作业了。
4 🔊 改错: He wondered if did I have a pen.
5 🔊 区分: I will go if it rains. / I want to know if it rains.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 if/whether 写 3 个宾语从句。
2 🔊 把对话改成宾语从句: A: "Are you ready?" B asked.
3 🔊 何时只能用 whether 不能用 if?
4 🔊 描写一次咨询经历 (3 句以上, 至少用 2 个 if/whether 宾语从句)。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了if/whether 引导的宾语从句
✅ 我掌握了宾语从句必须用陈述语序
✅ 我掌握了if 的两种用法 (易混)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 8 · Asking for Directions 问路记

新知识点:特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 + 常见疑问词

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 3 · LESSON 8

Lesson 8 · 问路记

Asking for Directions
📚 宾语从句

📖 Text 课文

问路记
🚌🗺️🚏🚶🏢➡️
🔊Last Saturday, my cousin Jenny visited our city for the first time.
🔊She asked me where the famous old bookstore was.
🔊I told her I wasn't sure how to get there from our house.
🔊We stopped a kind man and asked him where the nearest bus stop was.
🔊He showed us when the next bus would arrive.
🔊Jenny wondered why so many people were waiting at the same stop.
🔊On the bus, I asked the driver which stop we should get off at.
🔊He told us how long the trip would take.
🔊When we got off, Jenny asked who could help us find the bookstore.
🔊A college student noticed we looked lost and asked what we were looking for.
🔊She told us why this bookstore was so special to her grandmother.
🔊I asked her how often she visited this place.
🔊Now I understand why books bring people together.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
cousin/ˈkʌzn/n. 表/堂兄弟姐妹
famous/ˈfeɪməs/adj. 著名的
bookstore/ˈbʊkstɔː(r)/n. 书店
sure/ʃʊə(r)/adj. 确定的
nearest/ˈnɪərɪst/adj. 最近的
arrive/əˈraɪv/v. 到达
stop/stɒp/n. 车站
driver/ˈdraɪvə(r)/n. 司机
get off/—/phr. 下车
lost/lɒst/adj. 迷路的
college/ˈkɒlɪdʒ/n. 大学; 学院
special/ˈspeʃl/adj. 特别的
look for/—/phr. 寻找
how often/—/phr. 多久一次
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
cousinn.表/堂兄弟姐妹

用法:不分男女

My cousin lives far. — 我表姐住得远。

💡 相关: family

famousadj.著名的

用法:be famous for sth.

It's a famous park. — 这是个著名的公园。

💡 近义: well-known

bookstoren.书店

用法:book + store

I love this bookstore. — 我喜欢这家书店。

💡 英式: bookshop

sureadj.确定的

用法:I'm not sure 我不确定

Are you sure? — 你确定吗?

💡 近义: certain

nearestadj.最近的

用法:near 的最高级

the nearest bank — 最近的银行

💡 反义: farthest

arrivev.到达

用法:arrive at + 小地点; arrive in + 大地点

The bus arrives soon. — 公交车快到了。

💡 反义: leave

stopn.车站

用法:bus stop 公交站

Get off at the next stop. — 下一站下车。

💡 相关: station

drivern.司机

用法:drive + er

The driver is friendly. — 司机很友好。

💡 相关: drive

get offphr.下车

用法:get off (the bus) 下(车)

Get off here, please. — 请在这里下车。

💡 反义: get on

lostadj.迷路的

用法:be/get lost 迷路

I'm lost. — 我迷路了。

💡 相关: lose

collegen.大学; 学院

用法:a college student 大学生

He goes to college. — 他上大学。

💡 相关: university

specialadj.特别的

用法:be special to sb.

This day is special. — 这一天很特别。

💡 反义: ordinary

look forphr.寻找

用法:look for + 物

I'm looking for my keys. — 我在找钥匙。

💡 近义: search for

how oftenphr.多久一次

用法:问频率

How often do you read? — 你多久看一次书?

💡 相关: frequency

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 Can you tell me where...?
你能告诉我……在哪吗?
🔊 Do you know how...?
你知道怎么……吗?
🔊 I'm not sure when...
我不确定什么时候……
🔊 陈述语序 (subj. + verb)
宾语从句用陈述语序
🔊 ask the way to
问到……的路
🔊 the nearest bus stop
最近的公交站
🔊 take bus number five
坐 5 路车
🔊 get off at
在……下车
🔊 go straight
直走
🔊 turn left / right
左 / 右转
🔊 next to / across from
在旁边 / 在对面
🔊 Thanks for the help.
谢谢帮忙。

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周六, 我表姐珍妮第一次来我们城市。

她问我那家著名的老书店在哪里。

我告诉她我不太确定怎么从我家过去。

我们叫住一位好心人, 问他最近的公交站在哪里。

他告诉我们下一班车什么时候到。

珍妮想知道为什么这么多人在同一个站等车。

在公交车上, 我问司机我们该在哪一站下车。

他告诉我们这趟车要坐多久。

下车后, 珍妮问谁能帮我们找到那家书店。

一个大学生注意到我们好像迷路了, 问我们在找什么。

她告诉我们为什么这家书店对她奶奶那么特别。

我问她多久来这里一次。

现在我明白为什么书能让人们走到一起。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:宾语从句(三)特殊疑问词引导
主语 + 动词 + 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ where 在哪 Tell me where it is.
▸ when 何时 Do you know when he comes?
▸ how 怎么 I'm not sure how to get there.
▸ 陈述语序! Where it is(对)/ Where is it ❌
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Can you tell me where the museum is? 你能告诉我博物馆在哪儿吗?
🔊 I want to know when the bus comes. 我想知道公交车几点来。
⚠️ 把疑问句变成宾语从句时,要把"问句语序"改回"陈述语序"!

一、特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句

当原句是特殊疑问句 (用 wh-/how 开头) 时, 变成宾语从句要保留疑问词, 后面跟陈述语序

结构: 主语 + 动词 + 疑问词 + 陈述语序

Where is the bookstore? where the bookstore is  保留 where, 陈述语序
When will the bus arrive? when the bus will arrive  保留 when, 陈述语序
How can I get there? how I can get there  保留 how, 陈述语序
She asked me where the bookstore was. — 她问我书店在哪里。
He showed us when the next bus would arrive. — 他告诉我们下一班车什么时候到。

二、常见疑问词

不同的疑问词询问不同的信息。

who 谁 (人)  I asked who could help.
what 什么  I asked what we were looking for.
where 哪里  I asked where the stop was.
when 什么时候  I asked when it would arrive.
why 为什么  I asked why she came.
how 怎样  I asked how to get there.
which 哪一个  I asked which stop to get off at.
how often 多久一次  I asked how often she came.
how long 多久 (时间长度)  I asked how long it took.

三、陈述语序的转换 (重难点)

⚠️ 这是中考必考点。把疑问句变成陈述语序需要按规则操作。

规则 1: 有 be 动词的, 把 be 动词放回主语后面

Where is he? where he is  is 放到 he 后面

规则 2: 有助动词 do/does/did 的, 去掉助动词, 把动词形式还原

Where does she live? where she lives  去掉 does, live → lives
When did he come? when he came  去掉 did, come → came

规则 3: 有情态动词 will/can/should 的, 把情态动词放回主语后面

When will the bus arrive? when the bus will arrive  will 放到 the bus 后面
⚠️ 错误: ✗ I asked when will the bus arrive. ✓ I asked when the bus will arrive.

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
She asked me where the famous old bookstore was.
她问我那家著名的老书店在哪里。
1. asked me + where 从句
2. 陈述语序: where the bookstore was (不是 where was the bookstore)
3. 主从时态一致: asked (过去) + was (过去)
📝 即练:
改错: She asked me where was the bookstore. → She asked me where the bookstore was. (where 后陈述语序)
把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 He asked): Where do you live? → He asked where I lived. (去 do, live → lived)
🔊
On the bus, I asked the driver which stop we should get off at.
在公交车上, 我问司机我们该在哪一站下车。
1. asked + which 从句
2. 陈述语序 + 情态动词放回: we should get off
3. get off at + 站点: 在……下车
📝 即练:
把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 I asked): Which book should I read? → I asked which book I should read. (should 放到 I 后面)
改错: He asked me when will the train leave. → He asked me when the train would leave. (will → would, 放到 the train 后)
🔊
A college student noticed we looked lost and asked what we were looking for.
一个大学生注意到我们好像迷路了, 问我们在找什么。
1. asked + what 从句
2. 陈述语序: what we were looking for
3. look for: 寻找
📝 即练:
把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 He asked): What are you reading? → He asked what I was reading. (are → was (过去时), you → I)
改错: She wondered what was I doing. → She wondered what I was doing. (what 后陈述语序)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 cousin 的中文?
A同学B邻居C表/堂兄弟姐妹D朋友
2 🔊 famous 的中文?
A有趣的B著名的C快乐的D安静的
3 🔊 lost 的反义词?
AfoundBfindCloseDfinding
4 🔊 arrive at 用于什么地点?
A大地点B小地点C都可D都不用
5 🔊 问"哪里"用
6 🔊 问"什么时候"用
7 🔊 问"为什么"用
8 🔊 问"多久一次"用
9 🔊 问"多久(时间长度)"用
10 🔊 宾语从句中疑问词后面要用 语序。

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 I want to know .
Awhere is the parkBwhere the park isCthe park where isDwhere park is
2 🔊 He asked me I lived.
AthatBwhereCwhetherDhow
3 🔊 She asked what .
Awas I doingBI was doingCI doingDdo I do
4 🔊 I wonder when .
Awill the bus comeBthe bus will comeCcomes the busDis the bus come
5 🔊 He asked who help us.
AcanBcouldCisDwere
6 🔊 Tell me how .
Acan I do itBI can do itCI do it canDdo I can it
7 🔊 改错: I want to know where does he live.
8 🔊 改错: She asked me what was I doing.
9 🔊 改错: He wondered when will the train come.
10 🔊 把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 She asked): How often do you read?

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 I want to know): Where does she go to school?
2 🔊 把问句改成宾语从句 (主句 He asked me): How long will the trip take?
3 🔊 翻译: 你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗?
4 🔊 翻译: 我想知道为什么他迟到了。
5 🔊 把 "How does she do it?" 改成宾语从句 (主句 Can you tell me)

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 5 个不同疑问词写 5 个宾语从句。
2 🔊 把"What is your name?"分别变成主句过去时和现在时的宾语从句。
3 🔊 改错: He asked me where did I go yesterday.
4 🔊 描写一次问路经历, 用 3 个不同的特殊疑问词宾语从句。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
✅ 我掌握了常见疑问词
✅ 我掌握了陈述语序的转换 (重难点)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 9 · A Class Debate 一场班级辩论

新知识点:主从时态一致 (核心规则) + 客观真理: 永远用一般现在时

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 3 · LESSON 9

Lesson 9 · 一场班级辩论

A Class Debate
📚 宾语从句

📖 Text 课文

班级辩论
💬🤔📚⚖️🎤
🔊Last Wednesday, our class had an interesting debate.
🔊The topic was whether students should wear uniforms every day.
🔊Lucy said that uniforms saved her family money.
🔊She added that everyone looked equal at school.
🔊But Tom argued that uniforms made students lose their style.
🔊He said his sister had complained about the same thing.
🔊Anna told us that her old school had no uniforms at all.
🔊She remembered that some kids had dressed strangely back then.
🔊Mr. Wang asked us what we thought was the most important point.
🔊Some students said comfort was the key.
🔊Others believed that fairness mattered most.
🔊After the debate, Mr. Wang told us that both sides had good points.
🔊He said that learning to listen was as important as speaking.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
debate/dɪˈbeɪt/n./v. 辩论
topic/ˈtɒpɪk/n. 主题; 话题
uniform/ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/n. 校服; 制服
save/seɪv/v. 节省; 救
equal/ˈiːkwəl/adj. 平等的
argue/ˈɑːɡjuː/v. 争辩; 反驳
style/staɪl/n. 风格
complain/kəmˈpleɪn/v. 抱怨
strangely/ˈstreɪndʒli/adv. 奇怪地
comfort/ˈkʌmfət/n. 舒适
fairness/ˈfeənəs/n. 公平
matter/ˈmætə(r)/v. 重要
side/saɪd/n. 一方; 一边
point/pɔɪnt/n. 观点; 要点
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
debaten./v.辩论

用法:have a debate 进行辩论

It's a hot debate. — 这是个激烈的辩论。

💡 近义: discussion

topicn.主题; 话题

用法:the topic of 关于……的话题

What's your topic? — 你的话题是什么?

💡 近义: subject

uniformn.校服; 制服

用法:wear a uniform 穿校服

School uniform is blue. — 校服是蓝色。

💡 相关: clothes

savev.节省; 救

用法:save money/time 节省钱/时间

Save your time. — 节省你的时间。

💡 反义: waste 浪费

equaladj.平等的

用法:be equal to 等同于

We are all equal. — 我们都是平等的。

💡 近义: same

arguev.争辩; 反驳

用法:argue that 从句

They argue a lot. — 他们经常争论。

💡 相关: argument

stylen.风格

用法:her own style 她自己的风格

I love her style. — 我喜欢她的风格。

💡 相关: fashion

complainv.抱怨

用法:complain about sth.

Don't complain! — 别抱怨!

💡 相关: complaint

strangelyadv.奇怪地

用法:strange + ly

He acted strangely. — 他举止怪异。

💡 反义: normally

comfortn.舒适

用法:comfort + able

I value comfort. — 我看重舒适。

💡 相关: comfortable

fairnessn.公平

用法:fair + ness

Fairness matters. — 公平很重要。

💡 相关: fair

matterv.重要

用法:It matters that...

It matters a lot. — 这非常重要。

💡 近义: be important

siden.一方; 一边

用法:on this side 在这一边

Pick a side. — 选一边。

💡 反义: other side

pointn.观点; 要点

用法:a good point 好观点

Good point! — 好观点!

💡 近义: idea

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a class debate
班级辩论
🔊 She said she had...
她说她已经……
🔊 I thought he was right
我以为他是对的
🔊 I knew he would come
我知道他会来
🔊 agree with sb.
同意某人
🔊 disagree with sb.
不同意某人
🔊 on the one hand
一方面
🔊 on the other hand
另一方面
🔊 in my opinion
在我看来
🔊 to be honest
老实说
🔊 come to an agreement
达成一致
🔊 客观真理永远用现在时
The sun rises in the east. (真理用现在时)

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周三我们班进行了一场有趣的辩论。

辩题是学生是否每天都应该穿校服。

露西说校服为她家省钱。

她补充说在学校大家看起来平等。

但汤姆反驳说校服让学生失去自己的风格。

他说他姐姐抱怨过同样的事。

安娜告诉我们她以前的学校根本没校服。

她记得当时有些孩子穿得很奇怪。

王老师问我们觉得最重要的一点是什么。

一些学生说舒适是关键。

其他人认为公平最重要。

辩论后王老师告诉我们双方都有好观点。

他说学会倾听和表达同样重要。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:宾语从句(四)时态一致
主句过去时 → 从句相应过去化
📐 句型拆解
▸ 主句现在 → 从句任意时态 I think he is right.
▸ 主句过去 → 从句过去化 I thought he was right.
▸ 客观真理永远现在时 He said the sun is a star.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 She said (that) she had finished homework. 她说她已经做完作业了。
🔊 I knew (that) he would help. 我知道他会帮忙。
⚠️ 主句是过去时,从句也要"过去化"(is→was, will→would, have→had)。

一、主从时态一致 (核心规则)

主句过去时, 从句要相应"往后退一步"。这是中考必考点。

时态对应表:

一般现在时 一般过去时  is/are → was/were; do → did
现在进行时 过去进行时  is doing → was doing
一般过去时 过去完成时  did → had done
一般将来时 过去将来时  will → would
情态动词 can/may 过去式 could/might  情态动词也变
He said his sister had complained. — 他说他姐姐抱怨过 (过去 → 过去完成)。
Tom argued that uniforms made students lose their style. — 汤姆反驳说校服让学生失去风格 (主从都过去时)。

二、客观真理: 永远用一般现在时

⚠️ 即使主句是过去时, 从句如果表达客观真理或常理, 仍然用一般现在时

The teacher said that the earth is round. — 老师说地球是圆的 (客观真理, is 不变 was)。
She told me water boils at 100°C. — 她告诉我水100度沸腾 (客观真理)。
He said the sun rises in the east. — 他说太阳从东边升起 (客观真理)。
💡 怎么判断"客观真理"? 是任何时候都成立的事实, 不是某个具体时间发生的事。

三、间接引语的人称变化

把直接引语 (引号里的话) 变成间接引语 (宾语从句) 时, 人称代词要根据说话者的视角变化。

"I am tired," he said. He said (that) he was tired.  I → he, am → was
"You are smart," she told me. She told me (that) I was smart.  You → I, are → was
"My book," Tom said. Tom said (that) it was his book.  My → his
💡 人称变化口诀: 一变三, 二变一三 (第一人称跟说话人, 第二人称跟听话人)

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
He said his sister had complained about the same thing.
他说他姐姐抱怨过同样的事。
1. said + that 从句 (that 省略)
2. 主句 said 过去时, 从句 had complained 过去完成时
3. 时态规则: 一般过去 → 过去完成
📝 即练:
改错: He told me that he has finished homework. → He told me that he had finished homework. (主从时态一致, has → had)
把直接引语改间接引语: "I lost my keys," she said. → She said (that) she had lost her keys. (I → she, lost → had lost (一般过去 → 过去完成))
🔊
After the debate, Mr. Wang told us that both sides had good points.
辩论后王老师告诉我们双方都有好观点。
1. told us + that 从句
2. 主从时态一致: told (过去) + had (过去)
3. both sides: 双方
📝 即练:
填空: She told me she ___ (be) busy. → was (主从时态一致, 都过去时)
改错: He said he is hungry. → He said he was hungry. (主从时态一致)
🔊
He said that learning to listen was as important as speaking.
他说学会倾听和表达同样重要。
1. said + that 从句
2. learning: 动名词作主语
3. as important as: 和……一样重要 (同级比较)
📝 即练:
填空: The teacher said that listening ___ (be) important. → was (主句过去, 从句过去 (但客观道理也可现在))
翻译: 他说健康和金钱一样重要。 → He said (that) health was as important as money. (主从时态一致)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 debate 的中文?
A日期B辩论C迟到D比赛
2 🔊 argue 的中文?
A同意B争辩CD增加
3 🔊 equal 的中文?
A相等的B前一个的C难的D容易的
4 🔊 matter 在 "It matters" 中作?
A名词B形容词C动词D副词
5 🔊 主从时态规则: am → ?
AisBareCwasDwere
6 🔊 主从时态规则: will → ?
AwouldBwillsCshouldDwill
7 🔊 主从时态规则: can → ?
AcanBcouldCcansDwill
8 🔊 客观真理永远用 时。
9 🔊 直接引语 "I am happy" 改间接引语: He said that he .
10 🔊 直接引语 "I will come" 改间接引语: She said that she .

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 He said that he tired.
AisBwasCareDwere
2 🔊 She told me that the earth round.
AwasBisCwereDwill be
3 🔊 He promised that he help me.
AwillBwouldCisDwas
4 🔊 I knew that he the book yesterday.
Ahas readBhad readCreadsDwill read
5 🔊 She said her sister to school every day.
AwalksBwalkedCwill walkDhas walked
6 🔊 He told us that he moving next month.
AisBwasCwill beDhas been
7 🔊 "I am tired," he said. → He said tired.
Athat he isBthat he wasCthat I wasDthat I am
8 🔊 改错: He said that he is OK.
9 🔊 改错: The teacher said that water boiled at 100°C.
10 🔊 改间接引语: "I will come tomorrow," he said.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把直接引语改间接引语: "I have finished my homework," she said.
2 🔊 翻译: 老师告诉我们听比说更重要。
3 🔊 改错: She said that she will come next week.
4 🔊 改错: He told me that the sun rose in the east.
5 🔊 直接引语改间接引语: "You are smart," my mom said to me.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 把 3 句直接引语改成间接引语。1. "I am tired," he said. 2. "She will come," they said. 3. "I have eaten," she said.
2 🔊 区分: 主句过去时, 从句要变还是不变? "He said that water boils at 100°C" 对吗?
3 🔊 改错: My friend told me he wants to be a doctor when he was a kid.
4 🔊 描写一次和家人/朋友的对话, 用 3 个间接引语 (注意时态变化和人称变化)。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了主从时态一致 (核心规则)
✅ 我掌握了客观真理: 永远用一般现在时
✅ 我掌握了间接引语的人称变化

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 10 · How Breakfast Is Made 早餐是怎么准备的

新知识点:什么是被动语态 + 一般现在时被动语态结构

⬆️ 返回目录
Chapter 4

被动语态

📚 包含 Lesson 10 - 12
📍 Chapter 4 · LESSON 10

Lesson 10 · 早餐是怎么准备的

How Breakfast Is Made
📚 被动语态

📖 Text 课文

早餐准备
🥞🍳🥛🍞🥑
🔊Every morning at our school, breakfast is prepared by a team of three cooks.
🔊Bread is baked fresh in the kitchen at five in the morning.
🔊Eggs are bought from a local farm every other day.
🔊Milk is delivered to our school in big silver boxes at six o'clock.
🔊The fruit is washed three times before it is put on the tables.
🔊Each meal is checked carefully by the head cook.
🔊Hot water is provided for tea and other warm drinks.
🔊Plates and cups are washed by a special machine.
🔊Leftover food is collected and given to nearby farms for animals.
🔊The dining hall is cleaned by students from different classes every week.
🔊Even the menu is decided by the head cook and parent volunteers.
🔊Healthy meals are served because students' health is taken seriously.
🔊We are very lucky that our breakfast is made with so much care.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
breakfast/ˈbrekfəst/n. 早餐
prepare/prɪˈpeə(r)/v. 准备
cook/kʊk/n./v. 厨师; 做饭
bake/beɪk/v. 烘烤
farm/fɑːm/n. 农场
deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/v. 送; 投递
silver/ˈsɪlvə(r)/n./adj. 银; 银色
wash/wɒʃ/v. 洗
check/tʃek/v. 检查
leftover/ˈleftəʊvə(r)/adj./n. 剩下的; 剩菜
collect/kəˈlekt/v. 收集
menu/ˈmenjuː/n. 菜单
volunteer/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n. 志愿者
serve/sɜːv/v. 提供; 服务
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
breakfastn.早餐

用法:have breakfast 吃早饭

I had breakfast at 7. — 我 7 点吃了早饭。

💡 相关: meal

preparev.准备

用法:prepare for sth.

I prepare my lunch. — 我准备我的午餐。

💡 近义: get ready

cookn./v.厨师; 做饭

用法:cook + er = cooker (厨具)

The cook is busy. — 厨师很忙。

💡 相关: chef

bakev.烘烤

用法:bake bread 烤面包

I bake bread. — 我烤面包。

💡 相关: cook

farmn.农场

用法:on the farm 在农场上

The farm has cows. — 农场有奶牛。

💡 相关: farmer

deliverv.送; 投递

用法:deliver sth. to sb.

They deliver milk daily. — 他们每天送牛奶。

💡 相关: delivery

silvern./adj.银; 银色

用法:silver box 银色盒子

Silver shines. — 银色发亮。

💡 相关: gold

washv.

用法:wash dishes 洗碗

Wash your hands. — 洗洗手。

💡 相关: clean

checkv.检查

用法:check carefully 仔细检查

Check your work. — 检查你的作业。

💡 近义: examine

leftoveradj./n.剩下的; 剩菜

用法:left + over

I love leftovers. — 我喜欢吃剩菜。

💡 相关: remaining

collectv.收集

用法:collect rubbish 收垃圾

I collect stamps. — 我收集邮票。

💡 相关: gather

menun.菜单

用法:on the menu 菜单上

May I see the menu? — 能看下菜单吗?

💡 相关: food

volunteern.志愿者

用法:parent volunteer 家长志愿者

She is a volunteer. — 她是志愿者。

💡 相关: help

servev.提供; 服务

用法:serve sb. sth.

They serve good food. — 他们提供好食物。

💡 相关: service

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 be prepared by
由……准备
🔊 be made of / from
由……做成
🔊 be cut into pieces
被切成块
🔊 be poured into the cup
被倒进杯子
🔊 be served with
配以……上桌
🔊 every morning
每天早上
🔊 with love and care
充满爱与关心
🔊 a healthy breakfast
健康的早餐
🔊 the most important meal
最重要的一餐
🔊 start the day right
正确开始一天
🔊 eat slowly
慢慢吃
🔊 a happy family
幸福的一家

🇨🇳 参考译文

每天早上, 学校的早餐由三位厨师准备。

面包早上五点在厨房新鲜烘烤。

鸡蛋每隔一天从当地农场购买。

牛奶六点用大银色盒子送到学校。

水果在放上桌前要洗三次。

每餐都由主厨仔细检查。

热水供应给茶和其他暖饮。

盘子和杯子由专门的机器清洗。

剩饭被收集起来送到附近农场喂动物。

食堂每周由不同班级的学生打扫。

连菜单都是主厨和家长志愿者决定的。

提供健康餐是因为学生的健康被认真对待。

我们很幸运早餐被这么用心地制作。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:被动语态(一)一般现在时
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 执行者)
📐 句型拆解
▸ 结构 主语 + be + V-ed
▸ 表"被...做" 强调"被动作"
▸ by + 执行者 可省略
▸ he/she/it → is Bread is made by Mom.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Breakfast is prepared every morning. 早餐每天早上被准备好。
🔊 The cake is made by Grandma. 蛋糕是奶奶做的。
💡 主语不是"做动作的人",而是"被影响的人/物",就用被动语态。

一、什么是被动语态

主动语态: 主语是动作的执行者 (谁做了)。被动语态: 主语是动作的承受者 (谁被做了)。

主动 vs 被动:

The cook makes breakfast. VS Breakfast is made by the cook.  主动: 厨师做早餐 / 被动: 早餐被厨师做
💡 什么时候用被动?
① 不知道动作执行者
② 不重要执行者
③ 强调动作承受者

二、一般现在时被动语态结构

一般现在时被动: am/is/are + 过去分词 (done)

结构: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 (+ by 执行者)

Breakfast is prepared by three cooks. — 早餐由三位厨师准备。
Eggs are bought from a local farm. — 鸡蛋从当地农场购买。
Hot water is provided for tea. — 热水供应给茶。
The dining hall is cleaned every week. — 食堂每周打扫。
⚠️ 主语单数 → is + done
主语复数 → are + done
主语 I → am + done

三、过去分词的形式 (重难点)

过去分词的构成: 规则动词加 -ed; 不规则动词需要单独记忆。

规则动词: 加 -ed work → worked  wash → washed
以 e 结尾: 加 -d bake → baked  serve → served

常见不规则动词的过去分词:

make made  做
do done  做
buy bought  买
give given  给
take taken  拿
put put  放 (不变)
cut cut  切 (不变)
⚠️ 不规则动词的过去分词必须单独记, 中考必考。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Every morning at our school, breakfast is prepared by a team of three cooks.
每天早上, 学校的早餐由三位厨师准备。
1. is prepared: 一般现在时被动 (is + done)
2. by + 执行者: 表示"被谁做"
3. breakfast 单数, 用 is
📝 即练:
填空: This book ___ (read) by many students. → is read (is + 过去分词 read)
把主动改被动: The cook makes breakfast. → Breakfast is made by the cook. (breakfast (单数) + is + made)
🔊
Eggs are bought from a local farm every other day.
鸡蛋每隔一天从当地农场购买。
1. are bought: 一般现在时被动 (are + done)
2. eggs 复数, 用 are
3. buy 的过去分词是 bought (不规则)
📝 即练:
填空: Many books ___ (sell) every year. → are sold (books 复数, 用 are sold)
把主动改被动: Farmers grow vegetables here. → Vegetables are grown here (by farmers). (vegetables 复数, are grown)
🔊
The dining hall is cleaned by students from different classes every week.
食堂每周由不同班级的学生打扫。
1. is cleaned: 一般现在时被动
2. dining hall 单数, 用 is
3. by students: 执行者
📝 即练:
填空: The room ___ (clean) every day. → is cleaned (room 单数, is cleaned)
改错: The classroom is clean by us. → The classroom is cleaned by us. (is + 过去分词 cleaned)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 prepare 的中文?
A出现B准备C修复D工作
2 🔊 deliver 的中文?
A决定BC划分D到达
3 🔊 make 的过去分词?
AmakingBmadeCmakedDmades
4 🔊 buy 的过去分词?
AbuyedBbuyingCboughtDbuys
5 🔊 do 的过去分词?
AdoneBdidCdoingDdoes
6 🔊 put 的过去分词?
AputtedBputtingCputDputs
7 🔊 一般现在时被动结构: + 过去分词
8 🔊 主语单数用 , 主语复数用 (be 动词)
9 🔊 过去分词 wash 的形式:
10 🔊 过去分词 give 的形式:

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 The book by many people.
AreadBis readCis readingDreads
2 🔊 Eggs from the farm.
Ais boughtBare boughtCbuyDbuys
3 🔊 English all over the world.
AspeaksBis spokenCspeakDare spoken
4 🔊 These cars in Japan.
Ais madeBare madeCmakeDmakes
5 🔊 Bread in the kitchen.
AbakeBbakesCis bakedDbaked
6 🔊 把主动改被动: The cook prepares breakfast.
ABreakfast prepares by the cook.BBreakfast is prepared by the cook.CBreakfast prepared the cook.DBreakfast was preparing.
7 🔊 改错: The room is clean every day.
8 🔊 改错: Eggs is bought from the farm.
9 🔊 把主动改被动: They serve healthy meals.
10 🔊 把主动改被动: The teacher checks the homework.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把主动改被动: They wash the dishes after dinner.
2 🔊 翻译: 牛奶每天早上 6 点送到学校。
3 🔊 翻译: 这些书是学生写的。
4 🔊 改错: The window is break.
5 🔊 改错: Many languages is spoken in this country.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 把 3 个主动句改成被动句。1. We make tea every day. 2. They sell flowers in the market. 3. The teacher reads the story.
2 🔊 描写学校食堂一日 (用至少 3 个被动句)。
3 🔊 区分: The book is interesting. / The book is read by many.
4 🔊 改错并解释: The cake is make by my mom.
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了什么是被动语态
✅ 我掌握了一般现在时被动语态结构
✅ 我掌握了过去分词的形式 (重难点)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 11 · The New Bridge 新桥的建成

新知识点:一般过去时被动语态结构 + 与一般过去时主动语态对比

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 4 · LESSON 11

Lesson 11 · 新桥的建成

The New Bridge
📚 被动语态

📖 Text 课文

新桥落成
🌉🏗️🚧🎊🏙️
🔊Last year, a new bridge was built across the river in our town.
🔊Before that, our town was divided into two parts by the wide river.
🔊The plan for the bridge was first discussed five years ago.
🔊Many designs were drawn by famous engineers from different cities.
🔊The best design was chosen by the city government in 2022.
🔊Tons of stones were carried to the river by huge trucks last spring.
🔊Strong steel was used to make the bridge safe.
🔊Workers were hired from many places across the country.
🔊After eight months, the bridge was finally finished last September.
🔊On opening day, hundreds of people were invited to celebrate together.
🔊Photos were taken by the local newspaper.
🔊Now, our town is connected and life has become much easier.
🔊The new bridge was given a beautiful name — 'Hope Bridge.'

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
bridge/brɪdʒ/n. 桥
build/bɪld/v. 建造
divide/dɪˈvaɪd/v. 分开
discuss/dɪˈskʌs/v. 讨论
design/dɪˈzaɪn/n./v. 设计
engineer/ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/n. 工程师
choose/tʃuːz/v. 选择
government/ˈɡʌvənmənt/n. 政府
truck/trʌk/n. 卡车
steel/stiːl/n. 钢铁
hire/ˈhaɪə(r)/v. 雇佣
invite/ɪnˈvaɪt/v. 邀请
celebrate/ˈselɪbreɪt/v. 庆祝
connect/kəˈnekt/v. 连接
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
bridgen.

用法:across the bridge 过桥

The bridge is long. — 桥很长。

💡 相关: river

buildv.建造

用法:build - built - built

They build houses. — 他们建房子。

💡 相关: construction

dividev.分开

用法:divide A into B

Divide the cake. — 分蛋糕。

💡 反义: combine

discussv.讨论

用法:discuss + 名词 (不加 about)

Let's discuss this. — 我们讨论这个。

💡 近义: talk about

designn./v.设计

用法:a new design 新设计

I love this design. — 我喜欢这个设计。

💡 相关: designer

engineern.工程师

用法:设计/建造的人

My dad is an engineer. — 我爸是工程师。

💡 相关: engineering

choosev.选择

用法:choose - chose - chosen

Choose your favorite. — 选你最爱的。

💡 近义: pick

governmentn.政府

用法:city government 市政府

The government helps. — 政府提供帮助。

💡 相关: country

truckn.卡车

用法:a big truck 大卡车

The truck carries goods. — 卡车运货物。

💡 相关: lorry (英)

steeln.钢铁

用法:不可数

Steel is strong. — 钢铁很坚固。

💡 相关: metal

hirev.雇佣

用法:hire workers 雇工人

They hired me. — 他们雇了我。

💡 近义: employ

invitev.邀请

用法:invite sb. to do

I'll invite you. — 我会邀请你。

💡 近义: ask

celebratev.庆祝

用法:celebrate sth.

We celebrate his birthday. — 我们庆祝他的生日。

💡 相关: celebration

connectv.连接

用法:connect A and B

The road connects us. — 路把我们连起来。

💡 反义: separate

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 was built last year
去年被建成
🔊 was opened to the public
对公众开放
🔊 were painted white
被涂成白色
🔊 was completed in 2023
于 2023 年完工
🔊 was designed by
由……设计
🔊 cross the river
过河
🔊 save much time
节省很多时间
🔊 connect two cities
连接两个城市
🔊 a great achievement
一项伟大成就
🔊 benefit people's lives
造福人民生活
🔊 serve as a symbol
作为……的象征
🔊 over the river
横跨河流

🇨🇳 参考译文

去年, 我们镇的河上建了一座新桥。

在那之前, 我们镇被宽阔的河分成两部分。

这座桥的计划五年前第一次被讨论。

很多不同城市的著名工程师画了设计图。

最好的设计在 2022 年被市政府选中。

去年春天, 巨型卡车把成吨石头运到河边。

坚固的钢铁被用来让桥安全。

工人被从全国各地雇来。

八个月后, 桥在去年九月终于完工。

开通那天, 数百人被邀请一起庆祝。

当地报社拍了照片。

现在我们镇连成一体, 生活变得轻松多了。

新桥被起了个美丽的名字——"希望桥"。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:被动语态(二)一般过去时
主语 + was/were + 过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 执行者)
📐 句型拆解
▸ I / he / she / it was + V-ed
▸ you / we / they were + V-ed
▸ 表"过去被做" built, painted, finished
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 The new bridge was built last year. 新桥是去年建成的。
🔊 The walls were painted white. 墙被涂成了白色。
⏰ 过去时被动:把 be 变成 was/were + 过去分词。常用于描述"建成、完成"。

一、一般过去时被动语态结构

一般过去时被动: was/were + 过去分词 (done)

结构: 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by 执行者)

A new bridge was built last year. — 去年建了一座新桥。
Many designs were drawn by engineers. — 工程师画了很多设计。
The bridge was finished last September. — 桥去年九月完工。
⚠️ 主语单数 → was + done
主语复数 → were + done
主语 I/he/she/it → was
主语 you/we/they 或复数 → were

二、与一般过去时主动语态对比

一般过去时的主动和被动是中考必考点, 要会互相转换。

They built a bridge. VS A bridge was built (by them).  主动: 他们建桥 / 被动: 桥被建
I broke the cup. VS The cup was broken (by me).  主动 vs 被动
They invited many people. VS Many people were invited.  主动 vs 被动
💡 主动改被动的步骤:
① 主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语
② 谓语动词 → was/were + 过去分词
③ 主动句的主语 → by + 主动句主语 (可省略)

三、被动语态的否定句和疑问句

被动语态变否定和疑问的方法和系动词 be 一样。

否定: was/were + not + done

The book was not finished. — 这本书没完成。
These letters were not sent. — 这些信没寄出。

一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + done?

Was the bridge built last year? — 桥是去年建的吗?
Were the photos taken by you? — 照片是你拍的吗?

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Before that, our town was divided into two parts by the wide river.
在那之前, 我们镇被宽阔的河分成两部分。
1. was divided: 一般过去时被动 (was + done)
2. divide A into B: 把 A 分成 B
3. by + 执行者: 被宽阔的河
📝 即练:
填空: The class ___ (divide) into 4 groups yesterday. → was divided (class 单数 + was divided)
把主动改被动: The river divided our town into two parts. → Our town was divided into two parts by the river. (town 单数 + was + divided)
🔊
Many designs were drawn by famous engineers from different cities.
很多不同城市的著名工程师画了设计图。
1. were drawn: 一般过去时被动 (were + done)
2. designs 复数, 用 were
3. draw 的过去分词是 drawn (不规则)
📝 即练:
填空: Many books ___ (write) by him. → were written (books 复数, were written)
把主动改被动: Engineers drew many designs. → Many designs were drawn (by engineers). (designs 复数 + were + drawn)
🔊
On opening day, hundreds of people were invited to celebrate together.
开通那天, 数百人被邀请一起庆祝。
1. were invited: 一般过去时被动
2. people 复数, 用 were
3. invite sb. to do: 邀请某人做某事
📝 即练:
填空: I ___ (invite) to the party last week. → was invited (I + was + invited)
把主动改被动: They invited me to dinner. → I was invited to dinner (by them). (me → I (主格), was invited)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 build 的过去分词?
AbuildedBbuiltCbuildingDbuilds
2 🔊 choose 的过去分词?
AchooseBchoseCchosenDchoosed
3 🔊 write 的过去分词?
AwriteBwroteCwrittenDwritting
4 🔊 draw 的过去分词?
AdrawBdrewCdrawnDdrawed
5 🔊 take 的过去分词?
AtakeBtookCtakenDtakes
6 🔊 give 的过去分词?
AgiveBgaveCgivenDgiving
7 🔊 一般过去时被动结构: + 过去分词
8 🔊 I/he/she/it 用 ; you/we/they/复数用
9 🔊 invite 的过去分词:
10 🔊 celebrate 的过去分词:

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 The bridge last year.
AbuildBbuiltCis builtDwas built
2 🔊 Many photos at the party.
AtookBwere takenCare takenDwas taken
3 🔊 The book by him last month.
AwroteBis writtenCwas writtenDwrites
4 🔊 I to the meeting yesterday.
AinviteBinvitedCis invitedDwas invited
5 🔊 把主动改被动: We finished the work yesterday.
AThe work finished yesterday.BThe work was finished yesterday.CThe work were finished.DThe work is finished.
6 🔊 否定句: The bridge built in 2020.
Anot wasBwas notCis notDwere not
7 🔊 疑问句: the photos taken by you?
AWasBWereCDidDDo
8 🔊 改错: The cake was make by my mom yesterday.
9 🔊 改错: Many books were write last year.
10 🔊 改错: The window were broken.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把主动改被动: They built the bridge five years ago.
2 🔊 把主动改被动: Engineers drew the design last year.
3 🔊 翻译: 这本书去年由我哥哥写的。
4 🔊 翻译: 数百名工人被雇来建桥。
5 🔊 改成疑问句: The room was cleaned by them.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 把 3 个一般过去时主动句改成被动句。1. They opened the new park last week. 2. We painted the wall yesterday. 3. The teacher checked the homework.
2 🔊 描写一座桥的建造过程 (用至少 4 个一般过去时被动句)。
3 🔊 区分: The book was interesting. / The book was written by him.
4 🔊 改错并解释: The bridge was finish last year.
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了一般过去时被动语态结构
✅ 我掌握了与一般过去时主动语态对比
✅ 我掌握了被动语态的否定句和疑问句

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 12 · School Rules 校园规则

新知识点:情态动词被动语态结构 + 情态动词被动的否定形式

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 4 · LESSON 12

Lesson 12 · 校园规则

School Rules
📚 被动语态

📖 Text 课文

校园规则
📚🚫📱🗑️
🔊Every school has rules so students can be kept safe and happy.
🔊Phones must be turned off during class hours.
🔊Library books should be returned within two weeks.
🔊Trash must be put into the right bins to keep our school clean.
🔊Loud talking should not be allowed in the reading room.
🔊Lost items can be picked up from the office between 12 and 1.
🔊Bicycles must be parked in the special area behind the school.
🔊Sports shoes should be worn during PE classes.
🔊Homework should be turned in before nine in the morning.
🔊Personal toys cannot be brought into the classroom.
🔊Friends should be treated with kindness and respect.
🔊Mistakes can be fixed if we admit them honestly.
🔊When rules are followed, our school becomes a better place for everyone.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
rule/ruːl/n. 规则
turn off/—/phr. 关闭
return/rɪˈtɜːn/v. 归还; 返回
trash/træʃ/n. 垃圾
bin/bɪn/n. 垃圾桶
allow/əˈlaʊ/v. 允许
park/pɑːk/v. 停(车)
wear/weə(r)/v. 穿; 戴
turn in/—/phr. 上交
personal/ˈpɜːsənl/adj. 个人的
treat/triːt/v. 对待
kindness/ˈkaɪndnəs/n. 善意
respect/rɪˈspekt/n./v. 尊重
admit/ədˈmɪt/v. 承认
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
rulen.规则

用法:follow rules 遵守规则

Follow the rules. — 遵守规则。

💡 相关: law

turn offphr.关闭

用法:turn off + sth.

Turn off the lights. — 关灯。

💡 反义: turn on

returnv.归还; 返回

用法:return sth. to sb.

Return the book. — 把书还了。

💡 近义: give back

trashn.垃圾

用法:不可数 (美式)

Take out the trash. — 把垃圾带出去。

💡 英式: rubbish

binn.垃圾桶

用法:trash bin 垃圾桶

Put it in the bin. — 把它放进垃圾桶。

💡 相关: trash can

allowv.允许

用法:allow sb. to do

I'm allowed to go. — 我被允许去。

💡 近义: permit

parkv.停(车)

用法:park a bike 停车

Park your car here. — 把车停这里。

💡 相关: parking

wearv.穿; 戴

用法:wear - wore - worn

Wear a jacket. — 穿件外套。

💡 相关: dress

turn inphr.上交

用法:turn in homework 交作业

Turn in your work. — 交作业。

💡 近义: hand in

personaladj.个人的

用法:personal item 个人物品

This is personal. — 这是私人的。

💡 反义: public

treatv.对待

用法:treat sb. with sth.

Treat them well. — 善待他们。

💡 相关: treatment

kindnessn.善意

用法:kind + ness

Show kindness. — 展现善意。

💡 相关: kind

respectn./v.尊重

用法:show respect 表示尊重

Respect your elders. — 尊重长辈。

💡 反义: disrespect

admitv.承认

用法:admit + 名词/that 从句

I admit my mistake. — 我承认我的错。

💡 近义: confess

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 must be followed
必须遵守
🔊 can be borrowed
可以借
🔊 should be turned off
应该关掉
🔊 can't be used
不能使用
🔊 mustn't be thrown
禁止扔
🔊 school rules
校园规则
🔊 mobile phones
手机
🔊 be quiet in class
上课保持安静
🔊 respect each other
互相尊重
🔊 keep the classroom clean
保持教室干净
🔊 be on time for
准时……
🔊 break the rules
违反规则

🇨🇳 参考译文

每所学校都有规则, 这样学生就能被安全快乐地保护着。

上课时间手机必须被关闭。

图书馆的书应该在两周内归还。

垃圾必须扔进正确的垃圾桶, 让学校保持干净。

阅览室不应该允许大声说话。

失物可以在 12 点到 1 点之间从办公室领回。

自行车必须停在学校后面的专用区域。

体育课时应该穿运动鞋。

作业应该在早上九点前交。

个人玩具不能被带进教室。

朋友应该被以善意和尊重对待。

如果我们诚实承认错误, 错误可以被改正。

当规则被遵守时, 我们的学校就成为每个人更好的地方。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:被动语态(三)情态动词
主语 + 情态动词 (can/must/should) + be + 过去分词
📐 句型拆解
▸ can be + V-ed Books can be borrowed.
▸ must be + V-ed Rules must be followed.
▸ should be + V-ed Trash should be thrown away.
▸ 情态动词 + be + V-ed 永远 be,不能 is
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Mobile phones must be turned off. 手机必须关机。
🔊 Trash should be thrown in the bin. 垃圾应该扔进桶里。
⚠️ 情态动词后 be 不变(不能用 is/are/was)!"must is" ❌ → "must be" ✓

一、情态动词被动语态结构

情态动词被动: 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 (done)。注意: 不管主语是谁, 都用 be (动词原形)。

结构: 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词

can can be done  能被做
should should be done  应该被做
must must be done  必须被做
may may be done  可能被做
Phones must be turned off during class. — 上课时手机必须被关闭。
Library books should be returned within two weeks. — 图书馆的书应该在两周内归还。
Lost items can be picked up from the office. — 失物可以从办公室领回。

二、情态动词被动的否定形式

否定: 情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词

常见否定形式:

cannot/can't be done  不能被做
should not/shouldn't be done  不应被做
must not/mustn't be done  不许被做 (禁止)
Loud talking should not be allowed in the reading room. — 阅览室不应该允许大声说话。
Personal toys cannot be brought into the classroom. — 个人玩具不能被带进教室。
⚠️ must not (mustn't) = 禁止
not have to / don't have to = 不必 (这两个意思不同)

三、情态动词被动的疑问句

疑问句: 情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词?

Can the homework be turned in tomorrow? — 作业可以明天交吗?
Should the book be returned today? — 这本书应该今天还吗?
Must the rules be followed by everyone? — 规则必须每个人都遵守吗?
⚠️ 注意: 即使疑问句语序变了, 仍然是情态动词 + be + done 的结构。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Phones must be turned off during class hours.
上课时间手机必须被关闭。
1. must be turned off: 情态动词被动 (must + be + done)
2. turn off: 关闭 (短语动词)
3. during class hours: 上课时间
📝 即练:
填空: Lights ___ ___ ___ when you leave. (turn off) → should be turned off (should be + done)
把主动改被动: Students must turn off phones in class. → Phones must be turned off in class (by students). (must be + 过去分词)
🔊
Library books should be returned within two weeks.
图书馆的书应该在两周内归还。
1. should be returned: should + be + done
2. within + 时间: 在……之内
3. books 复数, 但仍用 be (情态动词后面)
📝 即练:
填空: This room ___ ___ ___ every day. (clean) → should be cleaned (should be + cleaned)
改错: The book should returned tomorrow. → The book should be returned tomorrow. (情态动词 + be + 过去分词)
🔊
Mistakes can be fixed if we admit them honestly.
如果我们诚实承认错误, 错误可以被改正。
1. can be fixed: 情态动词被动
2. if 引导条件状语从句
3. them 指代 mistakes
📝 即练:
填空: This problem ___ ___ ___ easily. (solve) → can be solved (can be + solved)
翻译: 这本书可以从图书馆借到。 → This book can be borrowed from the library. (can be + borrowed)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 29 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 allow 的中文?
A允许B一直C低的D关于
2 🔊 admit 的中文?
AB承认C允许D准时
3 🔊 wear 的过去分词?
AwearedBworeCwornDwears
4 🔊 "turn off" 的反义?
Aturn onBturn inCturn upDturn out
5 🔊 情态动词被动结构: 情态动词 + + 过去分词
6 🔊 can 的被动: can done
7 🔊 should 的被动: should done
8 🔊 must 的被动: must done
9 🔊 疑问句: the rules be followed by everyone? (must)
10 🔊 否定: This here. (cannot/be done)

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 Phones must off in class.
AturnBturningCbe turnedDturned
2 🔊 The room should clean.
AkeptBbe keptCis keptDkeeps
3 🔊 Books can from the library.
AborrowBbe borrowedCis borrowedDborrowing
4 🔊 Homework must before 9 am.
Aturn inBbe turned inCis turned inDturning in
5 🔊 哪个对?
APhones must turn off in class.BPhones must be turned off in class.CPhones must turning off in class.DPhones must turn be off.
6 🔊 The room shouldn't here.
Abe smokeBbe smoked inCsmokeDsmoke in
7 🔊 改错: The window must broken last night.
8 🔊 改错: The cake can baked at home.
9 🔊 把主动改被动: We must follow the rules.
10 🔊 把主动改被动: You should clean the room every day.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把主动改被动: Students must turn off phones in class.
2 🔊 翻译: 图书馆的书应该按时归还。
3 🔊 翻译: 这个问题可以很快被解决。
4 🔊 改错: This work must finished today.
5 🔊 改错: Smoking should not allow here.

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用 must/should/can 各写一个被动句, 描述校规。
2 🔊 描写校园规则 (用至少 4 个情态动词被动句)。
3 🔊 区分: must not be done / don't have to be done
4 🔊 改错并解释: Mistakes can fixed if we try.
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了情态动词被动语态结构
✅ 我掌握了情态动词被动的否定形式
✅ 我掌握了情态动词被动的疑问句

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 13 · The Book That Changed Me 改变我的那本书

新知识点:什么是定语从句 + 关系词的选择 (核心规则)

⬆️ 返回目录
Chapter 5

定语从句

📚 包含 Lesson 13
📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 13

Lesson 13 · 改变我的那本书

The Book That Changed Me
📚 定语从句

📖 Text 课文

改变我的书
📘🌲🐕👧🏠
🔊Last summer, my aunt gave me a book which had a blue cover.
🔊It was a story about a girl who lived alone with her grandmother.
🔊She had a small dog that always followed her everywhere.
🔊Their tiny house, which stood next to a big forest, was full of love.
🔊Every morning, the girl walked to a school which was three miles away.
🔊She met a teacher who taught her the power of kindness.
🔊One day, she found a wounded bird that could not fly anymore.
🔊The girl took it home and made a special place which was warm and safe.
🔊Days that seemed slow turned into months of patient care.
🔊Finally, the bird that the girl had saved flew back to the sky.
🔊The lesson which I learned from this story is about caring for others.
🔊Now I try to be a person who notices the small needs around me.
🔊Books which open our hearts are truly wonderful gifts.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
cover/ˈkʌvə(r)/n. 封面
alone/əˈləʊn/adv./adj. 独自
follow/ˈfɒləʊ/v. 跟随
tiny/ˈtaɪni/adj. 极小的
forest/ˈfɒrɪst/n. 森林
mile/maɪl/n. 英里
power/ˈpaʊə(r)/n. 力量
wounded/ˈwuːndɪd/adj. 受伤的
safe/seɪf/adj. 安全的
patient/ˈpeɪʃnt/adj. 耐心的
finally/ˈfaɪnəli/adv. 最终
lesson/ˈlesn/n. 教训; 一课
care/keə(r)/v./n. 关心; 照顾
notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意到
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
covern.封面

用法:book cover 书的封面

A blue cover. — 蓝色封面。

💡 相关: book

aloneadv./adj.独自

用法:live alone 独自生活

I live alone. — 我独自住。

💡 近义: by oneself

followv.跟随

用法:follow sb./sth.

Follow me, please. — 请跟着我。

💡 反义: lead

tinyadj.极小的

用法:比 small 还小

A tiny insect. — 一只极小的昆虫。

💡 反义: huge

forestn.森林

用法:in the forest 在森林中

A big forest. — 大森林。

💡 相关: woods

milen.英里

用法:three miles 三英里

It's two miles away. — 两英里远。

💡 相关: kilometer

powern.力量

用法:the power of love 爱的力量

Power changes things. — 力量改变事物。

💡 相关: strength

woundedadj.受伤的

用法:wound + ed

A wounded bird. — 一只受伤的鸟。

💡 近义: hurt

safeadj.安全的

用法:safe place 安全的地方

It's safe here. — 这里很安全。

💡 反义: dangerous

patientadj.耐心的

用法:be patient with sb.

Be patient. — 耐心点。

💡 反义: impatient

finallyadv.最终

用法:final + ly

Finally, we won! — 最后我们赢了!

💡 近义: at last

lessonn.教训; 一课

用法:learn a lesson 吸取教训

It's a good lesson. — 这是个好教训。

💡 相关: class

carev./n.关心; 照顾

用法:care for sb. 关心

I care about you. — 我关心你。

💡 近义: look after

noticev.注意到

用法:notice + 名词

I noticed the change. — 我注意到变化。

💡 近义: see

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a book that changed me
改变我的一本书
🔊 with a blue cover
蓝色封面
🔊 a girl who lived alone
独自生活的女孩
🔊 a dog that followed her
跟着她的狗
🔊 three miles away
三英里之外
🔊 next to a forest
紧挨着森林
🔊 walk to school
步行上学
🔊 the power of patience
耐心的力量
🔊 change one's life
改变某人的生活
🔊 lose track of time
忘了时间
🔊 a story I will never forget
我永远不会忘的故事
🔊 learn an important lesson
学到重要的一课

🇨🇳 参考译文

去年夏天, 我阿姨给了我一本蓝色封面的书。

这是个关于一个和奶奶相依为命的女孩的故事。

她有一只总是跟着她到处跑的小狗。

他们紧挨着大森林的小房子里充满了爱。

每天早上, 女孩走三英里到学校。

她遇到了一位教她善良力量的老师。

有一天, 她发现一只再也不能飞的受伤的鸟。

女孩把它带回家, 做了一个温暖安全的特别地方。

看起来缓慢的日子变成了几个月的耐心照料。

最后, 女孩救活的那只鸟飞回了天空。

我从这个故事里学到的教训是关于关心他人。

现在我努力做一个注意到身边小需求的人。

打开我们心灵的书是真正美妙的礼物。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:定语从句(who / which / that)
名词 (先行词) + 关系代词 + 从句
📐 句型拆解
▸ who(人) the boy who helped me
▸ which(物) the book which I read
▸ that(人/物都行) the book that I read
▸ 修饰前面的名词 从句作"定语"
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 It is a book that changed my life. 这是改变我生活的一本书。
🔊 The person who wrote it was a teacher. 写这本书的人是位老师。
💡 定语从句修饰前面的名词。人用 who,物用 which,that 通用。

一、什么是定语从句

定语从句用来修饰前面的名词或代词 (称为先行词)。它跟在先行词后面, 起形容词作用, 表示"什么样的"。

结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句

I have a book which has a blue cover. — 我有一本封面是蓝色的书 (which has a blue cover 修饰 book)。
I met a teacher who taught me kindness. — 我遇到一位教我善良的老师 (who taught me 修饰 teacher)。
💡 定语从句 = 中文里"……的"
"a book which has a blue cover" = "封面是蓝色的书"

二、关系词的选择 (核心规则)

⚠️ 定语从句的关系词选择是中考必考点。

① who: 修饰人 (作主语或宾语)

I met a teacher who taught me kindness. — who 修饰 teacher (人)
a person who notices small needs — who 修饰 person (人)

② which: 修饰物 (作主语或宾语)

a book which had a blue cover — which 修饰 book (物)
The lesson which I learned — which 修饰 lesson (物)

③ that: 修饰人或物 (作主语或宾语, 通用)

a small dog that followed her — that 修饰 dog (物)
a wounded bird that could not fly — that 修饰 bird (物)
💡 简化口诀:
修饰: who / that
修饰: which / that
都行用 that

三、关系词作主语 vs 宾语

关系词在从句中可能作主语 (后面跟动词) 或宾语 (后面跟主语+动词)。

关系词作从句主语:

I have a dog that can run fast. — 我有一只能跑得快的狗 (that 后面是动词 can run, 所以 that 作主语)

关系词作从句宾语 (此时可省略):

The book (that) I read is interesting. — 我读的书很有趣 (that 后面是主语 I + 动词 read, 所以 that 作宾语, 可省略)
⚠️ 只有"作宾语的关系词"才可以省略, 作主语时不能省略!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Last summer, my aunt gave me a book which had a blue cover.
去年夏天, 我阿姨给了我一本蓝色封面的书。
1. which had a blue cover: 定语从句修饰 book (物)
2. which 在从句中作主语 (后面跟动词 had)
3. which 也可以换成 that
📝 即练:
填空: I have a pen ___ writes well. → which / that (修饰 pen (物), 用 which/that)
翻译: 这是一个能解决问题的工具。 → This is a tool which/that can solve the problem. (修饰 tool (物))
🔊
It was a story about a girl who lived alone with her grandmother.
这是个关于一个和奶奶相依为命的女孩的故事。
1. who lived alone: 定语从句修饰 girl (人)
2. who 在从句中作主语
3. who 也可以换成 that
📝 即练:
填空: The man ___ helped me is my uncle. → who / that (修饰 man (人))
翻译: 我有一个会说三种语言的朋友。 → I have a friend who/that can speak three languages. (修饰 friend (人))
🔊
Finally, the bird that the girl had saved flew back to the sky.
最后, 女孩救活的那只鸟飞回了天空。
1. that the girl had saved: 定语从句修饰 bird
2. that 在从句中作宾语 (the girl 是主语, had saved 是谓语)
3. 这里 that 可以省略: the bird the girl had saved...
📝 即练:
把 that 省略: The book that I read yesterday is good. → The book I read yesterday is good. (that 作宾语时可省略)
判断 that 能否省略: The man that called me is my uncle. → 不能省略 (that 作主语) (that 作主语不能省)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 27 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1 🔊 tiny 的中文?
A极小的B巨大的C安静的D快的
2 🔊 wounded 的中文?
A弯曲的B受伤的C惊讶的D富有的
3 🔊 finally 的近义词?
AquicklyBat lastCalwaysDnever
4 🔊 follow 的反义词?
AleadBfindCleaveDstop
5 🔊 修饰人, 用关系词
6 🔊 修饰物, 用关系词
7 🔊 人和物都能用的关系词是
8 🔊 关系词作 时可以省略, 作 时不能省。

🌟 中级题 Medium(10 题)

1 🔊 I have a book has a red cover.
AwhoBwhichCwhoseDwhom
2 🔊 The boy helped me is my friend.
AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhat
3 🔊 This is the dog I saw yesterday.
AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhere
4 🔊 The man is wearing red is my uncle.
AwhoBwhichCwhoseDwhere
5 🔊 I lost the pen my mom bought for me.
AwhoBwhichCwhereDwhose
6 🔊 The girl lives next door is my classmate.
AwhoBwhichCwhoseDwhere
7 🔊 哪个 that 可以省略?
AThe man that called meBThe book that I readCThe dog that ran fastDThe teacher that taught me
8 🔊 改错: I met a girl which lived alone.
9 🔊 改错: I have a dog who can run fast.
10 🔊 把 that 改成 which 或 who: I read a book that has many stories.

💎 高级题 Hard(5 题)

1 🔊 把两句合并 (用定语从句): I have a book. The book has a blue cover.
2 🔊 把两句合并: I met a teacher. The teacher taught me kindness.
3 🔊 把两句合并 (用定语从句): The bird flew back to the sky. The girl had saved the bird.
4 🔊 翻译: 我喜欢能让我开心的书。
5 🔊 翻译: 那个总是帮助别人的女孩很善良。

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(4 题)

1 🔊 综合: 用定语从句写 3 句话, 描写自己的朋友/家人/物品。
2 🔊 区分: who/which/that 三者之间的选择规则。
3 🔊 改错并解释: I have a brother which is a doctor.
4 🔊 描写一本对你有意义的书 (用至少 2 个定语从句)。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了什么是定语从句
✅ 我掌握了关系词的选择 (核心规则)
✅ 我掌握了关系词作主语 vs 宾语

🌈 下一课预告

🚪 Lesson 14 · 志愿者老师们

新语法:定语从句·that 引导

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 14

Lesson 14 · 志愿者老师们

The Volunteer Teachers
📚 定语从句·that 引导

📖 Text 课文

志愿者老师们
🏫👩‍🏫📚💝🌻🤝
🔊Last Saturday morning, our class visited a small school that helps poor children in the countryside.
🔊The school had been built ten years ago by some kind people who wanted to make a difference.
🔊When we arrived, we found that the teachers there were all volunteers who came from different cities.
🔊One teacher, Miss Lin, has been teaching there for five years without any payment.
🔊She told us stories that made us laugh and cry at the same time.
🔊While she was talking, I noticed a little girl that had the same name as me.
🔊Her name is also Lily, but she is much braver than I have ever been.
🔊She walks two hours every day to attend the lessons that she loves most.
🔊She showed me a picture that she had drawn herself — a sunset over the mountains.
🔊Before we left, every student in our class gave their books and pens that they brought with them.
🔊I have decided that I will come back next month with more presents for them.
🔊Volunteering is something that opens your heart to the world.
🔊It was a day that I will never forget in my whole life.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
countryside/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/n. 乡村
volunteer/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n. 志愿者
payment/ˈpeɪmənt/n. 报酬,工资
notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意到
brave/breɪv/adj. 勇敢的
attend/əˈtend/v. 出席,上(课)
sunset/ˈsʌnset/n. 日落
mountain/ˈmaʊntən/n. 山
present/ˈpreznt/n. 礼物
decide/dɪˈsaɪd/v. 决定
open/ˈəʊpən/v. 打开
heart/hɑːt/n. 心
whole/həʊl/adj. 全部的
forget/fəˈɡet/v. 忘记

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 visit a school
参观一所学校
🔊 a school that helps children
帮助孩子的学校
🔊 in the countryside
在乡村
🔊 come from different cities
来自不同城市
🔊 teach without payment
义务教学
🔊 be all volunteers
都是志愿者
🔊 make a difference
产生影响,做出改变
🔊 the same name as me
和我同名
🔊 a girl that has...
一个……的女孩
🔊 give books and pens
捐书和笔
🔊 open one's heart to
向……敞开心扉
🔊 a day I will never forget
我永远难忘的一天

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周六上午,我们班参观了一所帮助乡村贫困儿童的小学校。

这所学校是十年前由一些想要改变世界的好心人建造的。

我们到达时,发现那里的老师都是来自不同城市的志愿者。

一位林老师已经在那里义务教学五年了。

她给我们讲了一些让我们又哭又笑的故事。

她讲话时,我注意到一个和我同名的小女孩。

她也叫莉莉,但她比我以往任何时候都勇敢得多。

她每天走两小时去上最喜欢的课。

她给我看了一张她自己画的画——山顶上的日落。

离开前,我们班每个同学都送出了他们带来的书和笔。

我决定下个月带更多礼物再来看他们。

志愿活动是一件能让你向世界敞开心扉的事。

那是我一生中永远不会忘记的一天。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:that 引导的定语从句
名词(先行词)+ that + 主语 + 谓语 / + 谓语 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ that 修饰人 the teachers that came
▸ that 修饰物 a school that helps children
▸ that 作主语 a girl that has the same name
▸ that 作宾语 (可省略) the picture (that) she drew
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 We visited a school that helps poor children. 我们参观了一所帮助贫困儿童的学校。
🔊 It was a day that I will never forget. 那是我永远难忘的一天。
💡 that 是定语从句最通用的引导词,人和物都能修饰。作宾语时常可省略。

一、什么是定语从句?

定语从句就是"放在名词后面,修饰这个名词"的小句子。

它告诉我们"哪一个"或"什么样的"。

把两句话合并成一句,避免重复用主语,是高级英语的标志。

I met a girl. She has the same name as me.(两句话) — 我遇到一个女孩。她和我同名。
I met a girl that has the same name as me.(合并) — 我遇到一个和我同名的女孩。
💡 "that has the same name as me" 就是定语从句,修饰前面的 "girl"。

二、that 是最通用的关系代词

that 既能修饰人,也能修饰物,是定语从句中最常用、最简单的引导词。

the teachers that came from different cities(修饰人) — 来自不同城市的老师
a school that helps poor children(修饰物) — 帮助贫困儿童的学校
the books that they brought(修饰物,作宾语) — 他们带来的书
⭐ 简单记忆:不确定用 who 还是 which?用 that 准没错(少数特殊情况除外,L19 非限制性会讲)。

三、that 作主语 vs 作宾语

that 作主语:后面紧跟动词。

that 作宾语:后面跟"主语+动词",that 可以省略

a school that helps children(that 作 helps 的主语) — 帮助孩子的学校
the picture (that) she drew(that 作 drew 的宾语,可省) — 她画的画
the books (that) they brought(可省) — 他们带的书
⚠️ that 作主语时不能省略!只有作宾语时才能省。

四、定语从句 vs 宾语从句中的 that

别混淆两个 that:

I think that he is right.(宾语从句) — that 后跟完整句子,think 的宾语
the book that he wrote(定语从句) — that 前有名词 book
🔑 判断关键:that 前有名词(先行词)就是定语从句;没有就是宾语从句。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊When we arrived, we found that the teachers there were all volunteers who came from different cities.
我们到达时,发现那里的老师都是来自不同城市的志愿者。
  1. "When we arrived" 是时间状语从句(L11 学过)。
  2. "that the teachers... volunteers" 是宾语从句(L6 学过)。
  3. "who came from different cities" 是定语从句,修饰 volunteers。
  4. 一句话里包含三种从句,复杂句的高级表达!
🔊It was a day that I will never forget in my whole life.
那是我一生中永远不会忘记的一天。
  1. that 作 forget 的宾语,修饰 day。
  2. in my whole life 强调时间范围。
  3. 这是结尾常用句式,用来强调难忘体验。

🔍 词汇深度讲解:forget

forget 是"忘记",常考"to do" vs "doing" 的区别:
forget to do:忘记要去做(事还没做)—— I forgot to lock the door. 我忘了锁门(结果没锁)。
forget doing:忘记做过的事(事已做过)—— I forgot locking the door. 我忘了自己锁过门了(其实锁过)。
• 同样规则的还有:remember, regret, mean, stop(后接 to do 和 doing 意思不同)。
• 高考易错点!"forget to lock" = 没锁;"forget locking" = 锁了但忘了。

🌍 文化常识:志愿者文化 (Volunteering)

在英美国家,志愿活动是一种重要的社会传统。大学生申请名校、求职简历,"志愿者经历" 都是加分项。很多英美人会在感恩节、圣诞节为流浪汉送饭,或周末去食物银行 (food bank) 帮忙。"Give back to the community"(回馈社会)是他们的口头禅。常见的志愿活动还有:辅导贫困学童 (tutoring)、为老人读书 (reading to the elderly)、保护环境 (environmental protection) 等。

✏️ Practice 练习(共 18 题)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1🔊We visited a school helps poor children.
2🔊The teachers work there are all volunteers.
3🔊She has a brother plays the violin well.
4🔊Show me the picture you drew.
5🔊I will never forget the day I met her.
6🔊The girl I met has the same name as me.
7🔊Volunteering is something opens your heart.
8🔊Every book they brought was given away.

🌿 应用题 Apply(6 题)

9🔊I met a girl. She has the same name. (合并)
10🔊The school was built ten years ago. It helps poor children. (合并)
11🔊Show me the picture. You drew it. (合并)
12🔊I know a teacher. She has been there for 5 years. (合并)
13🔊Volunteering is something. It opens your heart. (合并)
14🔊That is the boy. I met him yesterday. (合并)

🌳 综合题 Comprehensive(4 题)

15翻译:我永远不会忘记那一天。 🔊
16翻译:她给我看了她自己画的画。 🔊
17翻译:在那里工作的老师都是志愿者。 🔊
18翻译:志愿活动是能让你敞开心扉的事。 🔊

🔗 Practice · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. volunteer teacher 她自己画的画
🔊2. in the countryside 和我同名的女孩
🔊3. a girl that has the same name 我永远难忘的一天
🔊4. the picture she drew herself 志愿者老师
🔊5. open your heart to the world 向世界敞开心扉
🔊6. a day I will never forget 在乡村

🎯 本课小结 Summary

本课学习了定语从句·that 引导。核心句型:名词(先行词)+ that + 主语 + 谓语 / + 谓语 + ...

🌈 下一课预告

🚪 Lesson 15 · 神奇的网课

新语法:定语从句·which 引导

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 15

Lesson 15 · 神奇的网课

The Amazing Online Class
📚 定语从句·which 引导

📖 Text 课文

神奇网课
🚀🪐🌌💻🛸
🔊Yesterday afternoon, I joined an online class which was about space and the universe.
🔊The teacher, Dr. Brown, was a famous scientist who has worked with NASA for over twenty years.
🔊Before the class started, she had prepared many pictures which were taken by real spaceships.
🔊She showed us a video which lasted ten minutes and was made on Mars last year.
🔊While we were watching, no one in the class made a sound — everyone was completely amazed.
🔊Then she asked a question which no one could answer at first.
🔊"What is the thing which keeps the planets moving around the sun?"
🔊After a few seconds, my classmate Tom raised his hand and answered "gravity" perfectly.
🔊The class ended with a beautiful song which the whole world loves — "What a Wonderful World".
🔊I have learned a lot from this class which I had never imagined before.
🔊Online learning is something which opens new windows to the world.
🔊Now I have decided to study harder so that I can become a scientist one day.
🔊It was a class which I will remember forever.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
online/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adj. 在线的
universe/ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/n. 宇宙
scientist/ˈsaɪəntɪst/n. 科学家
NASA/ˈnæsə/abbr. 美国宇航局
prepare/prɪˈpeə(r)/v. 准备
spaceship/ˈspeɪsʃɪp/n. 宇宙飞船
Mars/mɑːz/n. 火星
amazed/əˈmeɪzd/adj. 惊讶的
planet/ˈplænɪt/n. 行星
gravity/ˈɡrævəti/n. 重力
raise/reɪz/v. 举起
imagine/ɪˈmædʒɪn/v. 想象
forever/fəˈrevə(r)/adv. 永远
decide/dɪˈsaɪd/v. 决定

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 join an online class
上网课
🔊 a class which is about...
关于……的课
🔊 work with NASA
与 NASA 合作
🔊 pictures which were taken by
被……拍摄的照片
🔊 a video which lasted...
持续……的视频
🔊 keep planets moving
让行星运转
🔊 raise one's hand
举手
🔊 answer a question
回答问题
🔊 the law of gravity
重力定律
🔊 open new windows to the world
为世界打开新窗口
🔊 imagine the universe
想象宇宙
🔊 a class I will remember forever
我永远记得的一堂课

🇨🇳 参考译文

昨天下午,我上了一节关于太空和宇宙的网课。

布朗博士是位著名科学家,和 NASA 合作超过二十年了。

上课前,她已经准备好了许多真实飞船拍的照片。

她给我们看了一段在火星上拍的、时长十分钟的视频。

我们看的时候,全班无一人出声——都完全被震撼了。

然后她问了一个起初没人能答的问题。

"是什么东西让行星绕着太阳转?"

几秒钟后,我同学汤姆举手,完美地答出了"重力"。

这节课以一首全世界喜爱的歌结束——《多美好的世界》。

我从这节我以前从未想象过的课中学到了很多。

在线学习是为世界打开新窗口的东西。

现在我决定更努力学习,这样有朝一日能成为科学家。

这是一节我会永远记住的课。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:which 引导的定语从句
名词(物/事)+ which + 主语 + 谓语 / + 谓语 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ which 只修饰物或事 a video which lasted 10 min
▸ which 作主语 a song which the world loves
▸ which 作宾语 (可省略) pictures (which) she showed
▸ which 不能修饰人 修饰人用 who 或 that
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I joined a class which was about space. 我上了一节关于太空的课。
🔊 She showed us pictures which were taken by spaceships. 她给我们看了飞船拍的照片。
⚠️ which 只修饰,绝对不能修饰人!修饰人用 who 或 that。

一、which 修饰物或事

which 是关系代词,只能引导修饰物或事的定语从句。

which 不能修饰人——修饰人要用 who 或 that。

an online class which was about space — 关于太空的网课
a video which lasted ten minutes — 持续十分钟的视频
a song which the world loves — 全世界喜爱的歌
⭐ 记忆:which = "哪个(物)"。看到事物用 which,看到人用 who。

二、which 作主语 vs 作宾语

which 作主语不能省,作宾语可省。这点和 that 完全一样。

a video which lasted 10 minutes (which 作 lasted 的主语) — 一段持续 10 分钟的视频
the video (which) I enjoyed (which 作 enjoyed 的宾语,可省) — 我喜欢的视频
💡 判断方法:which 后面紧跟动词 = 主语;which 后面跟"主语+动词" = 宾语,可省。

三、which vs that(修饰物时)

修饰物时,which 和 that 大部分情况可以互换

区别:which 更正式、书面;that 更口语化、通用。

a class which / that was about space — 关于太空的一节课(都可以)
the video which / that I enjoyed — 我喜欢的视频(都可以)
⚠️ 但在非限制性定语从句(有逗号的)里,只能用 which,不能用 that。L19 会详细讲。

四、介词 + which(高级用法)

which 前面可以加介词(in which, on which, with which 等),表示"在……里 / 上……" 等关系。

这是正式书面语,口语里通常把介词放句末。

the class in which we learned about Mars(正式) — 我们学火星知识的那节课
the class (which) we learned about Mars in(口语) — 同上
the room in which she lived(正式)= the room she lived in(口语) — 她住的房间
💡 "介词 + which" 是正式书面语,写作文显档次!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊Before the class started, she had prepared many pictures which were taken by real spaceships.
上课前,她已经准备好了许多真实飞船拍的照片。
  1. "had prepared" 是过去完成时(过去的过去)。
  2. "which were taken by spaceships" 是定语从句 + 被动语态,修饰 pictures。
  3. 这一句综合运用了:时间状语 + 过去完成时 + 被动语态 + 定语从句。
🔊Online learning is something which opens new windows to the world.
在线学习是为世界打开新窗口的东西。
  1. something 是不定代词,常用 that,但这里用 which 也行。
  2. "opens new windows to the world" 是修辞表达,比喻拓展视野。

🔍 词汇深度讲解:raise

raise 是个高频动词,多种含义:
raise one's hand:举手 —— Tom raised his hand. 本课用法 ←
raise money:筹钱 —— We raised $500 for charity. 我们为慈善筹了 500 美元。
raise children:抚养孩子 —— She raised three children alone. 她独自养大三个孩子。
• 易混词 rise:升起(不及物,无宾语)—— The sun rises. 太阳升起。
• 区别:raise sth.(及物)"举起某物"; rise(不及物)"自己升起"。

🌍 文化常识:网课的兴起 (Online Learning)

在线学习 (online learning) 在英美国家发展非常快。Coursera、edX、Khan Academy 这些平台为全球学生提供免费的大学课程。NASA 也常常开放 "Live from Space" 等在线课程,让学生跟宇航员视频对话。疫情之后,"online class" 成了日常词汇。很多英美中学还会用 Zoom 或 Google Meet 上 "hybrid class"——一部分学生在教室,一部分在家。"The future of learning is online"(学习的未来在线上)已是普遍共识。

✏️ Practice 练习(共 18 题)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1🔊I joined a class was about space.
2🔊She showed us pictures were taken by spaceships.
3🔊It is a video lasted ten minutes.
4🔊I love the song the world loves.
5🔊We saw a movie won an award.
6🔊The question she asked was difficult.
7🔊Show me the photos you took.
8🔊This is the book I bought yesterday.

🌿 应用题 Apply(6 题)

9🔊I joined a class. It was about space. (合并)
10🔊She showed us pictures. The spaceships took them. (合并)
11🔊Tom answered a question. No one could answer it. (合并)
12🔊The song is beautiful. The whole world loves it. (合并)
13🔊Online learning opens windows. We need such things. (合并)
14🔊It was a class. I will remember it forever. (合并)

🌳 综合题 Comprehensive(4 题)

15翻译:我上了一节关于太空的网课。 🔊
16翻译:她给我们看了一些飞船拍的照片。 🔊
17翻译:这是一节我会永远记住的课。 🔊
18翻译:她问了一个起初没人能答的问题。 🔊

🔗 Practice · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. online class 网课
🔊2. a video which lasted 10 minutes 举手
🔊3. keep the planets moving 为世界打开新窗口
🔊4. a question which no one could answer 没人能答的问题
🔊5. raise one's hand 一段十分钟的视频
🔊6. open new windows to the world 让行星运转

🎯 本课小结 Summary

本课学习了定语从句·which 引导。核心句型:名词(物/事)+ which + 主语 + 谓语 / + 谓语 + ...

🌈 下一课预告

🚪 Lesson 16 · 邻居家的新朋友

新语法:定语从句·who 引导

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 16

Lesson 16 · 邻居家的新朋友

The New Friend Next Door
📚 定语从句·who 引导

📖 Text 课文

邻居新朋友
🏠🎂👋🎻👧👨‍👩‍👧
🔊Last week, a new family moved next door to us — a couple who came from London with their two children.
🔊They have a daughter who is exactly the same age as me, and a brother who plays the violin every evening.
🔊Her name is Emma, and she has lived in three different countries since she was five.
🔊On the day they moved in, my mom baked a chocolate cake which she gave them as a welcome gift.
🔊While Emma's parents were unpacking, she and I sat on the steps and chatted for hours.
🔊She told me about her friends in London who she still misses every day.
🔊Her parents, who are both doctors, work at the same hospital downtown.
🔊Emma is good at painting, which she has been learning for six years.
🔊Yesterday she introduced me to a boy who lives across the street.
🔊The boy, Jack, was the very first person who said hello to her when she arrived.
🔊Now we have a small group of friends who care about each other.
🔊Making new friends is something that takes time, but it is worth every minute.
🔊I am so glad to have a neighbor who has become my best friend.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
couple/ˈkʌpl/n. 一对夫妻
London/ˈlʌndən/n. 伦敦
daughter/ˈdɔːtə(r)/n. 女儿
exactly/ɪɡˈzæktli/adv. 完全地,正好
violin/ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/n. 小提琴
bake/beɪk/v. 烘焙
chocolate/ˈtʃɒklət/n. 巧克力
welcome/ˈwelkəm/n. 欢迎
unpack/ˌʌnˈpæk/v. 打开行李
chat/tʃæt/v. 闲聊
downtown/ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/adv. 市中心
introduce/ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/v. 介绍
group/ɡruːp/n. 小组
neighbor/ˈneɪbə(r)/n. 邻居

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 move next door
搬到隔壁
🔊 a couple who came from
来自……的一对夫妇
🔊 the same age as me
和我同龄
🔊 a brother who plays violin
一个拉小提琴的弟弟
🔊 move in / move out
搬入 / 搬出
🔊 bake a chocolate cake
烤巧克力蛋糕
🔊 as a welcome gift
作为欢迎礼物
🔊 lose track of time
忘了时间
🔊 introduce sb. to
把某人介绍给……
🔊 care about each other
互相关心
🔊 a group of friends
一群朋友
🔊 be glad to have...
很高兴有……

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周,一家新邻居搬到了我们隔壁——一对来自伦敦的夫妇带着两个孩子。

他们有一个和我同岁的女儿,还有一个每晚都拉小提琴的弟弟。

她叫艾玛,从五岁开始就住过三个国家。

搬家那天,我妈烤了一个巧克力蛋糕作为欢迎礼物送给他们。

艾玛父母收拾东西时,我和她坐在台阶上聊了好几个小时。

她跟我说起在伦敦的朋友们——那些她每天都想念的朋友。

她父母都是医生,在市中心的同一家医院工作。

艾玛擅长画画,她已经学了六年。

昨天她把我介绍给一个住在街对面的男孩。

那男孩叫杰克,是艾玛刚来时第一个跟她打招呼的人。

现在我们有了一小群互相关心的朋友。

交新朋友是件需要时间的事,但每一分钟都值得。

我很高兴有一个成了我最好朋友的邻居。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:who 引导的定语从句
人(先行词)+ who + 谓语 / + 主语 + 谓语 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ who 只修饰人 a girl who is kind
▸ who 作主语 (不能省) the boy who said hello
▸ who 作宾语 (可省或用 whom) the girl (who) I met
▸ who 不能修饰物 修饰物用 which 或 that
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 They have a daughter who is the same age as me. 他们有一个和我同龄的女儿。
🔊 Emma met a friend who lives across the street. 艾玛遇到一个住在对面的朋友。
⚠️ who 只修饰!绝对不能修饰物。最常用的关系代词之一。

一、who 修饰人

who 是关系代词,只用来修饰人,引导修饰人的定语从句。

a daughter who is the same age as me — 一个和我同龄的女儿
the boy who first said hello — 第一个问好的男孩
friends who care about each other — 互相关心的朋友们
⭐ 记忆口诀:who = "谁"(人),看见人就用 who。

二、who 作主语 vs 作宾语

who 作主语(最常见):后面紧跟动词,不能省略

who 作宾语:后面跟"主语+动词",可以省,也可用 whom(更正式)。

the boy who said hello(who 作主语) — 说"你好"的那个男孩
the girl (who/whom) I met(who 作宾语,可省) — 我遇到的那个女孩
the friends (who) she misses(可省) — 她想念的朋友们
💡 现代英语口语里,宾语位置的 who/whom 经常直接省略,让句子更简洁。

三、who vs whom(正式 vs 日常)

who 作宾语时,正式书面语常用 whom;日常口语和现代英语多用 who 或直接省略。

the girl whom I met yesterday(正式) — 我昨天见到的女孩
the girl who I met yesterday(常用) — 同上
the girl I met yesterday(最常用,省略) — 同上
⚠️ 介词后面只能用 whom:"with whom" ✓,"with who" ❌。

四、who vs that(修饰人时)

修饰人时,who 和 that 大部分情况可以互换。

who 更精确(明确指人),that 更通用、口语化。

the boy who/that helped me(都可以) — 帮助我的男孩
在非限制性定语从句中只能用 who: Emma, who came from London,... — 艾玛,从伦敦来的,……
🔑 写正式作文优先用 who;口语和日常文章用 who 或 that 都行。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊Last week, a new family moved next door to us — a couple who came from London with their two children.
上周,一家新邻居搬到了我们隔壁——一对来自伦敦的夫妇带着两个孩子。
  1. "who came from London" 是定语从句,修饰 couple。
  2. 破折号 "—" 用来补充说明,相当于"也就是说"。
  3. move next door 是固定搭配:"搬到隔壁"。
🔊On the day they moved in, my mom baked a chocolate cake which she gave them as a welcome gift.
搬家那天,我妈烤了一个巧克力蛋糕作为欢迎礼物送给他们。
  1. "they moved in" 是定语从句(that 省略了),修饰 day。
  2. "which she gave them..." 是另一个定语从句,修饰 cake。
  3. 一句中两个定语从句,体现高级英语写作。

🔍 词汇深度讲解:introduce

introduce 是"介绍",常考搭配:
introduce sb. to sb.:把某人介绍给某人 —— She introduced me to a boy. 本课用法 ←
introduce sth. to sb.:把某物介绍给某人 —— Let me introduce this book to you. 让我把这本书介绍给你。
self-introduction:自我介绍(演讲、面试常用)
• 名词形式:introduction(介绍)—— make an introduction 做介绍。
• 区别:introduce(人 / 物的初次介绍)vs recommend(推荐——基于喜欢)。

🌍 文化常识:邻居文化 (Neighbor Culture)

在英美国家,搬到新地方后,给新邻居打招呼是基本礼仪。常见做法:烤饼干 (cookies) 或派 (pie) 送过去自我介绍,叫做 "welcome basket"(欢迎礼篮)。在郊区 (suburb),邻居经常举办 "block party"——整条街的邻居一起烧烤、玩游戏。"Borrowing a cup of sugar"(借一杯糖)是文化中"和邻居打交道"的经典表达。一句温暖的 "Welcome to the neighborhood!"(欢迎搬到这个街区)经常让新邻居感动。

✏️ Practice 练习(共 18 题)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1🔊I have a friend likes music.
2🔊The girl I met yesterday is kind.
3🔊The teachers work here are nice.
4🔊Emma is a girl came from London.
5🔊The boy helped me is my classmate.
6🔊I know a man plays violin every evening.
7🔊She is the very first person said hello to me.
8🔊Show me the friend you introduced.

🌿 应用题 Apply(6 题)

9🔊I have a friend. She loves music. (合并)
10🔊Emma met a boy. The boy lives across the street. (合并)
11🔊They have a daughter. She is my age. (合并)
12🔊I know a boy. He plays the violin. (合并)
13🔊The student got a prize. She studies hard. (合并)
14🔊Jack is the boy. He said hello to her. (合并)

🌳 综合题 Comprehensive(4 题)

15翻译:他们有一个和我同龄的女儿。 🔊
16翻译:第一个跟她打招呼的人是杰克。 🔊
17翻译:我有了一小群互相关心的朋友。 🔊
18翻译:她跟我说起她每天想念的朋友。 🔊

🔗 Practice · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. next door 正好同龄
🔊2. exactly the same age 住在街对面的男孩
🔊3. a boy who lives across the street 欢迎礼物
🔊4. friends who care about each other 搬入新家
🔊5. move into a new home 互相关心的朋友
🔊6. a welcome gift 隔壁

🎯 本课小结 Summary

本课学习了定语从句·who 引导。核心句型:人(先行词)+ who + 谓语 / + 主语 + 谓语 + ...

🌈 下一课预告

🚪 Lesson 17 · 校园广播站

新语法:定语从句·只能用 that 的 6 种情况

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 17

Lesson 17 · 校园广播站

The School Radio Station
📚 定语从句·只能用 that 的 6 种情况

📖 Text 课文

校园广播站
📻🎤🎵🎧🏆
🔊Our school radio station is the very best one that I have ever heard in my life.
🔊It is run by a group of students who love music, and everything that they play makes our days brighter.
🔊My best friend Lisa is the only student that became a school DJ in our grade this year.
🔊There is nothing that can stop Lisa from singing — she sings while walking, eating, and even sleeping.
🔊All the songs that she plays are from the 90s, when our parents were our age.
🔊Yesterday, the only program that won the first prize at the city festival was hers.
🔊Everyone who listens to her show loves it, and everything that she says is funny.
🔊She has been working hard ever since she joined the radio club two years ago.
🔊Last Friday, she invited me to be her guest, which was the very same dream that I had had for years.
🔊I told the audience about my favorite book and the people that I love most.
🔊After the show, several listeners that we had never met before sent us messages of thanks.
🔊Lisa and the songs that we love together have made our school a more wonderful place.
🔊She has given us many happy days that I will always remember.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
radio/ˈreɪdiəʊ/n. 广播
station/ˈsteɪʃən/n. 台,站
run/rʌn/v. 运营
bright/braɪt/adj. 明亮的
DJ/ˌdiː ˈdʒeɪ/n. 播音员
grade/ɡreɪd/n. 年级
program/ˈprəʊɡræm/n. 节目
prize/praɪz/n. 奖品
festival/ˈfestɪvl/n. 节日,活动
club/klʌb/n. 社团
guest/ɡest/n. 嘉宾
audience/ˈɔːdiəns/n. 观众,听众
several/ˈsevrəl/adj. 几个
listener/ˈlɪsənə(r)/n. 听众
message/ˈmesɪdʒ/n. 消息
wonderful/ˈwʌndəfl/adj. 极好的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 the only one that...
唯一……的人/物
🔊 the very first that...
正是第一个……的
🔊 all the songs that...
所有……的歌
🔊 everything that she says
她说的一切
🔊 nothing that can stop me
没什么能阻止我
🔊 the boy and his dog that...
男孩和他的狗
🔊 Who is the man that...?
是谁那个……的人?
🔊 be run by sb.
由某人运营
🔊 school radio station
校园广播站
🔊 win the first prize
获一等奖
🔊 stop sb. from doing
阻止某人做
🔊 send messages of thanks
发感谢消息

🇨🇳 参考译文

我们的校园广播站是我这辈子听过的最棒的电台。

它由一群爱音乐的学生运营,他们播的一切都让我们的日子变得更明亮。

我最好的朋友丽萨是我们年级今年唯一成为校园 DJ 的学生。

没有什么能阻止丽萨唱歌——她走路、吃饭、甚至睡觉时都在唱。

她播放的所有歌都来自 90 年代——那时我们的父母和我们一样大。

昨天,在市级活动中拿到一等奖的唯一节目是她的。

听她节目的人都喜欢,她说的每一句话都很有趣。

自从两年前加入广播社,她就一直努力工作。

上周五,她邀请我做她的嘉宾,正是我多年来一直拥有的梦想。

我向听众讲了我最爱的书和我最爱的人。

节目后,几个我们从未见过的听众发来感谢消息。

丽萨和我们一起爱的歌让校园变成了更美好的地方。

她给了我们许多我会永远记住的快乐日子。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:只能用 that 的 6 种特殊情况
特殊先行词 + that + 从句
📐 句型拆解
▸ ① 不定代词 all/everything/nothing/anything
▸ ② 序数词/最高级 the first / the best / the only
▸ ③ all/every/no/any 修饰 all the songs / every book
▸ ④ 人+物 同时出现 the boy and his dog
▸ ⑤ 主句是 who/which 问句 Who is the man that...?
▸ ⑥ the very / the same 修饰 the very first / the same person
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 All the songs that she plays are great. 她播放的所有歌都很棒。
🔊 She is the only student that became a DJ. 她是唯一成为 DJ 的学生。
⚠️ 这 6 种情况必须用 that,不能用 who/which!高考必考点。

一、为什么有些情况只能用 that?

通常 that 和 who/which 大部分情况可以互换,但有几种特殊情况只能用 that,不能用 who/which。

这些情况的先行词比较特殊,可能"指代不明"或"既指人又指物",所以英语规定统一用最通用的 that。

🔑 这是考试 100% 会考的知识点,必须记牢!

二、必背 6 种"只能用 that"的情况

① 先行词是不定代词:all, everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, few。

② 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰:the first, the second, the best, the most, the only。

③ 先行词被 all / every / no / any 修饰

④ 先行词同时包含人和物

⑤ 主句是 who/which 提问(避免连续 who who)。

⑥ 先行词被 the very / the same 修饰

There is nothing that I can do.(不定代词) — 我无能为力。
It is the best film that I have ever seen.(最高级) — 这是我看过最好的电影。
All the songs that she sings are great.(all 修饰) — 她唱的所有歌都很棒。
I saw the boy and his dog that were playing.(人+物) — 我看到正在玩的男孩和他的狗。
Who is the man that came in?(主句是 who) — 进来的那人是谁?
She is the very person that I want to meet.(the very) — 她正是我想见的人。
💡 记忆口诀:不定代词、序最高、all every no any 一起跑、人物同时到、who 自己问、very same 不漏掉

三、对比:能换 vs 不能换

记住这两组对比,考试一眼就能看出来。

the song that she sings = the song which she sings(普通情况,能换) — 她唱的歌
all the songs that she sings(不定代词修饰,只能用 that) — 她唱的所有歌
the boy that helped me = the boy who helped me(能换) — 帮我的男孩
the only boy that helped me(the only 修饰,只能用 that) — 唯一帮我的男孩
⚠️ 看到 only / first / best / most / all / every / nothing 等词修饰先行词,立刻警觉:要用 that!

四、特例:非限制性定语从句不能用 that

本课讲的是"只能用 that"的情况。但反过来:

非限制性定语从句(有逗号)里,不能用 that,只能用 who / which。

这是相反的规则,L19 会详细讲。

My mother, who lives in Beijing, is a teacher.(非限制,用 who,不能 that) — 我妈住在北京,是位老师。
🔑 限制性 → 通用 that;非限制性(有逗号)→ 不能用 that!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊All the songs that she plays are from the 90s, when our parents were our age.
她播放的所有歌都来自 90 年代——那时我们的父母和我们一样大。
  1. 先行词 "all the songs"——all 修饰,只能用 that
  2. "when our parents were our age" 是非限制性定语从句,修饰 90s。
  3. the 90s 读作 "the nineties",指 90 年代。
🔊She is the only student that became a school DJ in our grade this year.
她是我们年级今年唯一成为校园 DJ 的学生。
  1. 先行词 "the only student",the only 修饰——只能用 that
  2. in our grade = 我们年级;this year 限定时间。
  3. "only / first / best" 这三个词最常考!

🔍 词汇深度讲解:stop

stop 后接 "to do" 还是 "doing"——意思完全不同!这是高考易错题:
stop doing:停止正在做的事 —— Stop talking! 别说话了!(不再说话)
stop to do:停下来去做另一件事 —— He stopped to drink water. 他停下来喝水(停下原来的事去喝水)。
stop sb. from doing:阻止某人做 —— Nothing can stop me from singing. 本课用法 ←
• 注意区别:stop / forget / remember / regret 都有 "to do vs doing" 意思不同的规律。

🌍 文化常识:校园广播 (School Radio Station)

在美国和英国的中学、大学,校园广播站是非常受欢迎的学生社团。学生可以申请当 DJ,每周有自己的节目时段,播放音乐、采访同学、谈论校园新闻。许多著名的 DJ 都是从校园广播开始职业生涯,比如美国 NPR 的主持人。"Campus radio"(校园电台)被认为是学生表达自我、锻炼公共演讲的重要平台。每年还有 "College Radio Day"(大学电台日)作为庆祝。

✏️ Practice 练习(共 18 题)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1🔊There is nothing I can do.
2🔊It is the only book I want.
3🔊Everything she says is funny.
4🔊All the songs she plays are good.
5🔊She is the best teacher I have ever met.
6🔊Who is the boy won the prize?
7🔊I will never forget the man and his dog saved me.
8🔊This is the very same book I read last year.

🌿 应用题 Apply(6 题)

9🔊Everything is funny. She says everything. (合并)
10🔊All the songs are great. She plays them. (合并)
11🔊It is the best film. I have ever seen it. (合并)
12🔊She is the first student. She became a DJ. (合并)
13🔊There is something. I must tell you. (合并)
14🔊Who is the man? The man came in. (合并)

🌳 综合题 Comprehensive(4 题)

15翻译:她说的一切都很有趣。 🔊
16翻译:这是我听过最棒的广播站。 🔊
17翻译:没什么能阻止她唱歌。 🔊
18翻译:她是唯一成为校园 DJ 的学生。 🔊

🔗 Practice · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. radio station 她说的一切
🔊2. nothing that can stop me 没什么能阻止我
🔊3. all the songs that she plays 广播站
🔊4. the only program that won 她播放的所有歌
🔊5. the very same dream 正是同一个梦想
🔊6. everything that she says 唯一获奖的节目

🎯 本课小结 Summary

本课学习了定语从句·只能用 that 的 6 种情况。核心句型:特殊先行词 + that + 从句

🌈 下一课预告

🚪 Lesson 18 · 我的图书馆生活

新语法:定语从句·as 引导

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 18

Lesson 18 · 我的图书馆生活

My Library Life
📚 定语从句·as 引导

📖 Text 课文

我的图书馆生活
📚🪑🤓📖🕰️
🔊Our school library is such a wonderful place as everyone in our school enjoys spending time in.
🔊It has more than ten thousand books, which makes it the largest library among nearby schools.
🔊As we all know, reading is one of the most important habits that a student should have.
🔊Last year, I read as many books as the library rules allow me to borrow in a month.
🔊The librarian, Mrs. Green, is the same kind woman as I described to you yesterday.
🔊She has been working there for over fifteen years, and she remembers every reader by name.
🔊She always recommends such interesting books as I have never been able to put down.
🔊Last week, she gave me the same novel as my elder sister had read in high school.
🔊While I was reading it in the corner, I lost track of time completely.
🔊As is often said in our country, "Books are the gardens that the soul lives in."
🔊I have made several friends in the library, all of whom love books as much as I do.
🔊The library is the same as it was when my parents were students here.
🔊It has changed me into a person who is in love with reading forever.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
library/ˈlaɪbrəri/n. 图书馆
such/sʌtʃ/det. 这样的
thousand/ˈθaʊzənd/num. 千
nearby/ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/adj. 附近的
habit/ˈhæbɪt/n. 习惯
allow/əˈlaʊ/v. 允许
borrow/ˈbɒrəʊ/v. 借
librarian/laɪˈbreəriən/n. 图书管理员
describe/dɪˈskraɪb/v. 描述
recommend/ˌrekəˈmend/v. 推荐
novel/ˈnɒvl/n. 小说
elder/ˈeldə(r)/adj. 年长的
corner/ˈkɔːnə(r)/n. 角落
soul/səʊl/n. 灵魂

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 such...as...
像……一样的……
🔊 the same...as...
和……一样的……
🔊 as...as...
像……一样
🔊 as we all know
正如我们所知
🔊 as is often said
正如人们常说
🔊 as many books as the library allows
图书馆允许的最大数量的书
🔊 lose track of time
忘了时间
🔊 be in love with
热爱
🔊 a habit that one should have
应该拥有的习惯
🔊 borrow / return books
借 / 还书
🔊 recommend a book to sb.
向某人推荐书
🔊 a quiet corner
一个安静的角落

🇨🇳 参考译文

我们的学校图书馆是这样一个所有同学都喜欢消磨时间的地方。

它有超过一万本书,是附近学校里最大的图书馆。

正如我们都知道的,阅读是学生应该有的最重要的习惯之一。

去年,我借书数量是图书馆规则每月允许的最大数。

图书管理员格林夫人就是我昨天向你描述的那位和善的女士。

她在那里工作了 15 年多,能叫出每个读者的名字。

她总是推荐让我放不下的、那么有趣的书。

上周她给了我和我姐姐高中时读过的同样那本小说。

我在角落里读这本书时,完全忘了时间。

正如中国常说的,"书是心灵居住的花园"。

我在图书馆交了几个朋友,他们都和我一样爱书。

这个图书馆和我父母读书时一模一样。

它把我变成了一个永远热爱阅读的人。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:as 引导的定语从句
such / the same / as + 名词 + as + 从句
📐 句型拆解
▸ such ... as such books as I love
▸ the same ... as the same book as you have
▸ as ... as as many books as I can
▸ as 修饰整个主句 As we all know, ...
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I read as many books as the library allows. 我读图书馆允许的尽量多的书。
🔊 As we all know, reading is important. 正如我们都知道,阅读很重要。
⭐ as 引导定语从句的三大固定搭配:such...as / the same...as / as...as。

一、as 引导定语从句的 3 种固定搭配

as 作为关系代词比较特殊,通常和 such, the same, as 搭配使用

such + 名词 + as ... (像……这样的) — such a book as I love
the same + 名词 + as ... (和……一样的) — the same book as you have
as + 形容词/副词 + as ... (像……一样) — as many books as I can read
⭐ 必背:这 3 个搭配里的 as 都是关系代词,引导后面的定语从句。

二、such...as vs such...that

such...as:as 引导定语从句,意思是"像……一样的"。

such...that:that 引导结果状语从句,意思是"如此……以至于"。

such books as I love(定语从句) — 我喜欢的那种书
such a good book that I cannot put it down(结果从句) — 如此好的书我放不下
⚠️ as 后面跟"修饰名词的内容";that 后面跟"造成的结果"。

三、as 修饰整个主句

as 还有一种特殊用法:放句首或句中,修饰整个主句,意思是"正如……"。

这种用法非常常用,可以放在句首、句中、句末。

As is often said, "Books are friends." — 正如人们常说,"书是朋友"。
She is kind, as everyone knows. — 她很和善,正如人人都知道的。
She is, as we all know, very helpful. — 她,正如我们所知,非常乐于助人。
💡 这种 "as + 谓语" 结构里,as 代指整个主句的内容,相当于一个"小代词"。

四、as vs which(修饰整个主句时)

as 和 which 都能修饰整个主句,但意思和位置不同:

As we all know, he is kind.(as 可前可后,"正如") — 正如我们都知道,他人好。
He is kind, which everyone knows.(which 只能放后面,"这件事") — 他人好,这事人人都知道。
🔑 as 强调"正如"(早就知道);which 强调"这件事"(陈述事实后补充)。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊Last year, I read as many books as the library rules allow me to borrow in a month.
去年,我借书数量是图书馆规则每月允许的最大数。
  1. "as many books as ..." 是 as...as 结构,第二个 as 是关系代词。
  2. allow sb. to do 是固定搭配:"允许某人做"。
  3. in a month 表示时间范围。
🔊As is often said in our country, "Books are the gardens that the soul lives in."
正如中国常说的,"书是心灵居住的花园"。
  1. 句首 "As is often said" 修饰整个主句。
  2. is often said 是被动语态:"常被人说"。
  3. "that the soul lives in" 是定语从句,修饰 gardens;这里 that 作 in 的宾语,介词在末尾。

🔍 词汇深度讲解:allow

allow 表示"允许",常考几种搭配:
allow sb. to do sth.:允许某人做某事 —— My mom allows me to play. 妈妈让我玩。
allow doing sth.:允许做(一般陈述)—— We don't allow smoking. 我们禁止吸烟。
be allowed to do:被允许做 —— Students are allowed to use phones. 学生可以用手机。
• 同义词比较:allow(中性、常用)、permit(正式)、let(口语,let sb. do)。
• 注意:let 后面不用 to!"let me to go" ❌ → "let me go" ✓

🌍 文化常识:图书馆与公共阅读空间 (Library Culture)

在英美国家,公共图书馆 (public library) 是社区的重要组成部分。任何居民都能免费办借书卡 (library card),不仅借书,还能借电影、有声书、甚至工具!图书馆经常举办免费的活动:儿童故事时间 (story time)、写作坊、电脑课。"Shh"(嘘)是图书馆里的标志性声音——保持安静是图书馆的"unwritten rule"(不成文规定)。世界上最大的图书馆是美国国会图书馆 (Library of Congress),有超过 1.7 亿件藏品。

✏️ Practice 练习(共 18 题)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1🔊She is such a kind girl everyone likes.
2🔊I have the same book you have.
3🔊I read as many books I can.
4🔊 we all know, she is helpful.
5🔊He has such a friend I have never seen.
6🔊This is the same kind of music I love.
7🔊He runs as fast his brother.
8🔊 is often said, time is gold.

🌿 应用题 Apply(6 题)

9🔊She is kind. Everyone knows it. (用 as)
10🔊I read books. The library allows them. (用 as...as)
11🔊He has a friend. The friend is rare. (用 such...as)
12🔊It is often said that books are friends. (用 As 改写)
13🔊I have a book. You have the same one. (用 the same...as)
14🔊She gave me a novel. My sister had read it. (合并)

🌳 综合题 Comprehensive(4 题)

15翻译:正如我们都知道,她非常乐于助人。 🔊
16翻译:我读图书馆允许的尽量多的书。 🔊
17翻译:她推荐让我放不下的有趣书。 🔊
18翻译:正如人们常说,书是最好的朋友。 🔊

🔗 Practice · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. public library 忘了时间
🔊2. as many books as I can 和以前一样
🔊3. the same as before 公共图书馆
🔊4. such books as I love 我喜欢的那种书
🔊5. as we all know 尽量多的书
🔊6. lose track of time 正如我们所知

🎯 本课小结 Summary

本课学习了定语从句·as 引导。核心句型:such / the same / as + 名词 + as + 从句

🌈 下一课预告

🚪 Lesson 19 · 我的外公

新语法:非限制性定语从句

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📍 Chapter 5 · LESSON 19

Lesson 19 · 我的外公

My Grandpa
📚 定语从句·whose / when / where

📖 Text 课文

我的外公
👴 🚲 🌻 🍎 ♟️ ❤️
🔊I want to tell you about my grandpa, the man whose stories I love most.
🔊My grandpa, whose hair is now all white, is almost eighty years old.
🔊He lives in a small house whose roof is painted red.
🔊Behind his house, there is a quiet garden where he grows vegetables and flowers.
🔊Every morning, he goes to the market where he meets his old friends.
🔊In 1968, when he was only seventeen, he climbed Mount Tai for the first time.
🔊He still remembers the day when his first child was born.
🔊My grandma, whose smile is the warmest in the world, always makes him laugh.
🔊Last weekend, I visited the village where my grandpa grew up.
🔊We sat on the old stone bench where he used to read books as a boy.
🔊On Sunday evening, when the sun was setting, we walked home together slowly.
🔊I love that little house whose door is always open for me.
🔊Grandpa, whose love I will never forget, is my hero forever.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
grandpa/ˈɡrænpɑː/n. 外公,爷爷
whose/huːz/pron. 谁的(关系代词)
roof/ruːf/n. 屋顶
paint/peɪnt/v. 涂,画
quiet/ˈkwaɪət/adj. 安静的
grow/ɡrəʊ/v. 种,长
vegetable/ˈvedʒtəbl/n. 蔬菜
market/ˈmɑːkɪt/n. 市场
Mount Tai/maʊnt taɪ/n. 泰山
village/ˈvɪlɪdʒ/n. 村庄
stone/stəʊn/n. 石头
bench/bentʃ/n. 长椅
used to/juːst tə/ 过去常常
set/set/v. (太阳)落下
forever/fəˈrevə(r)/adv. 永远
hero/ˈhɪərəʊ/n. 英雄

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 whose hair is white
头发白了的
🔊 whose roof is red
屋顶是红色的
🔊 the day when he was born
他出生的那天
🔊 the year when I was 10
我十岁那年
🔊 the village where I grew up
我长大的村子
🔊 the garden where he grows flowers
他种花的菜园
🔊 the market where he meets friends
他见朋友的市场
🔊 used to do sth.
过去常常做……
🔊 grow up
长大
🔊 be almost 80 years old
将近 80 岁
🔊 go to the market
去市场
🔊 for the first time
第一次

🇨🇳 参考译文

我想给你讲讲我的外公——一个我最爱他故事的人。

我外公头发已经全白了,将近八十岁。

他住在一栋屋顶被涂成红色的小房子里。

他家后面有一个安静的菜园,那里他种着蔬菜和花。

每天早上,他去市场——在那里他能见到老朋友。

1968 年,他才十七岁时,第一次爬上了泰山。

他还记得他的第一个孩子出生的那一天。

我外婆的笑容是世界上最温暖的,总是逗他笑。

上周末,我去了我外公长大的村子。

我们坐在老石凳上——他小时候常在那里读书的地方。

星期天傍晚太阳落山时,我们一起慢慢走回家。

我爱那栋小房子,它的门永远为我敞开。

外公的爱我永远不会忘记,他永远是我的英雄。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:whose / when / where 引导的定语从句
名词 + whose + 名词 / when + 时间从句 / where + 地点从句
📐 句型拆解
▸ whose(……的) the man whose stories I love
▸ when(在……时) the day when he was born
▸ where(在……地方) the garden where he grows flowers
▸ whose 后跟名词 whose hair / whose roof
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 My grandma, whose smile is the warmest, makes him laugh. 我外婆的笑容最温暖,总是逗他笑。
🔊 I visited the village where my grandpa grew up. 我去了我外公长大的村子。
🔊 In 1968, when he was seventeen, he climbed Mount Tai. 1968 年他十七岁时,爬过泰山。
💡 三个引导词记忆口诀:whose 后跟名词when 修饰时间where 修饰地点

一、whose 引导定语从句(表"……的")

whose 是定语从句的关系代词,表示"……的"。

它修饰人或物都可以,whose 后面必须紧跟一个名词

"whose + 名词"在从句中充当主语或宾语。

the man whose stories I love most(人的"……的") — 我最爱听他故事的那个人
my grandma whose hair is white(人的"……的") — 头发白了的外婆
a house whose roof is red(物的"……的") — 屋顶是红色的房子
whose 后必须跟名词!"the man whose I love" ❌ → "the man whose stories I love" ✓

二、when 引导定语从句(表"在……时")

when 引导定语从句,修饰时间名词,表示"在那段时间……"。

常修饰:the day / the year / the moment / the time / the morning 等。

when 在从句中相当于"在那个时间",不能省略。

the day when he was born(时间名词 day + when) — 他出生的那一天
In 1968, when he was seventeen, ...(1968 + when) — 1968 年他十七岁那年……
the moment when I saw her(the moment + when) — 我看见她的那一刻
⚠️ when 不是"问什么时候"!它是定语从句的引导词,表示"在那个时间"。修饰时间名词

三、where 引导定语从句(表"在……地方")

where 引导定语从句,修饰地点名词,表示"在那里……"。

常修饰:the place / the house / the village / the school / the garden 等。

where 在从句中相当于"在那个地方",不能省略。

the garden where he grows vegetables(the garden + where) — 他种菜的菜园
the village where I grew up(the village + where) — 我长大的村子
the bench where he used to read(the bench + where) — 他过去常在那里读书的长凳
⚠️ where 也不是"问哪里"!它是定语从句的引导词,表示"在那个地方"。修饰地点名词

四、三者对比 + 巧记口诀

一张表彻底分清这三个引导词:

whose + 名词:表"……的",修饰人或物。

when:表"在……时",修饰时间名词。

where:表"在……地方",修饰地点名词。

the boy whose father is a teacher(人的关系) — 父亲是老师的男孩
the year when I was born(时间名词) — 我出生的那一年
the city where I live(地点名词) — 我居住的城市
🔑 口诀:whose 跟名词when 在时间where 在地方

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊My grandpa, whose hair is now all white, is almost eighty years old.
我外公头发已经全白了,将近八十岁。
  1. "whose hair is now all white" 是定语从句,修饰 grandpa。
  2. whose 后必须跟名词——这里是 "whose hair"。
  3. whose = "外公的",相当于"my grandpa's hair"。
🔊Behind his house, there is a quiet garden where he grows vegetables and flowers.
他家后面有一个安静的菜园,那里他种着蔬菜和花。
  1. "where he grows vegetables" 修饰 garden。
  2. where = "在菜园里",相当于 "in the garden"。
  3. where 必须修饰地点名词。
🔊In 1968, when he was only seventeen, he climbed Mount Tai for the first time.
1968 年他才十七岁时,第一次爬上了泰山。
  1. "when he was only seventeen" 修饰 1968。
  2. when = "在 1968 年那时",相当于 "in 1968"。
  3. when 必须修饰时间名词。

🔍 词汇深度讲解:used to

used to 是一个超高频的固定短语,表"过去常常":
used to do sth.:过去常常做某事(现在不做了)—— He used to read books here. 他过去常在这读书。本课用法 ←
• 与现在对比:I used to like coffee, but now I prefer tea. 我以前喜欢咖啡,现在更爱茶。
• 否定 / 疑问:I didn't use to drink coffee. / Did you use to live here? (注意:否定/疑问要用 use 不是 used)
• 易混区别:
 - used to do:过去常做(强调今昔对比)
 - be used to doing:习惯于做(注意是 -ing)
 - be used to do:被用来做(被动语态)

🌍 文化常识:英语中的亲属称谓

英语里 "grandparent"(祖父母)泛指外公外婆和爷爷奶奶,不像中文区分得细。具体表达:外婆奶奶都叫 grandma / grandmother,外公爷爷都叫 grandpa / grandfather。想区分时,可以说 "maternal grandma"(母系,妈妈那边)或 "paternal grandma"(父系,爸爸那边)。在英美家庭,祖孙关系非常亲密——"Grandma's cookies"(奶奶的饼干)是很多人童年最温暖的回忆。美国还有 "Grandparents' Day"(祖父母节,9 月第一个星期天),是表达对祖辈感恩之情的日子。

✏️ Practice 练习(共 18 题)

🌱 基础题 Basic(8 题)

1🔊I have a friend father is a doctor. (人的"……的")
2🔊I love the house door is red. (物的"……的")
3🔊I will never forget the day I met her. (时间)
4🔊In 2020, I was 10, I started learning English. (时间)
5🔊This is the school I studied. (地点)
6🔊I visited the village my grandpa grew up. (地点)
7🔊She is the girl hair is long. (人的"……的")
8🔊The garden he grows flowers is behind the house. (地点)

🌿 应用题 Apply(6 题)

9🔊I have a friend. His father is a doctor. (合并,用 whose)
10🔊That is the house. Its roof is red. (合并,用 whose)
11🔊I remember the day. I met her on that day. (合并,用 when)
12🔊In 1968, he was 17. He climbed Mount Tai. (用 when 合并)
13🔊This is the village. My grandpa grew up here. (合并,用 where)
14🔊The garden is quiet. He grows flowers there. (合并,用 where)

🌳 综合题 Comprehensive(4 题)

15翻译:那个头发白了的女孩是我妈妈。(用 whose) 🔊
16翻译:我永远记得他出生的那一天。(用 when) 🔊
17翻译:这就是我长大的村子。(用 where) 🔊
18翻译:我去了那家屋顶是红色的房子。(用 whose) 🔊

🔗 Practice · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. the man whose stories I love 我长大的村子
🔊2. a house whose roof is red 屋顶是红色的房子
🔊3. the garden where he grows flowers 他种花的菜园
🔊4. the day when he was born 我爱听他故事的那个人
🔊5. the village where I grew up 他出生的那天
🔊6. the year when I was 10 我十岁的那年

🎯 本课小结 Summary

本课重点学习了三个关系代词/副词:whose / when / where

🔑 口诀:whose 跟名词,when 在时间,where 在地方

🌈 全书完结

恭喜你学完第六册全部 19 课!定语从句的全部规则尽在掌握。

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