⭐ ✨ ⭐ ✨ ⭐

简单英语 · 第五册

Easy English · Book 5 · 完整词汇深讲版
📚 共 13 课 · 完整课文 / 词汇深讲 / 语法精讲 / 重点句 / 分级练习

📑 目录 Contents

Chapter 15 · 现在完成时(一):基础结构

1
Lesson 1 · A happy day at the zoo
动物园的快乐一天
2
Lesson 2 · A tidy desk
一张整洁的书桌
3
Lesson 3 · The library has changed our lives
图书馆改变了我们的生活
4
Lesson 4 · My best pal Tim
我最好的伙伴 Tim
5
Lesson 5 · A busy Sunday
忙碌的星期天
6
Lesson 6 · Where has Lily been?
Lily 去哪儿了?
7
Lesson 7 · Reading practice: A trip to grandma's
阅读拓展:去奶奶家

Chapter 16 · 动词不定式(一):作宾语和目的状语

8
Lesson 8 · A surprise for Mom
给妈妈的惊喜
9
Lesson 9 · A busy afternoon at home
忙碌的下午

Chapter 17 · 过去进行时(一):基础结构

10
Lesson 10 · An unexpected guest
不速之客
11
Lesson 11 · A rainy day reunion
雨天的相聚
12
Lesson 12 · The fun of watching a movie
看电影的乐趣
13
Lesson 13 · Reading practice: A camping trip
阅读拓展:露营之旅
Chapter 15

现在完成时(一):基础结构

📚 包含 Lesson 1 - 7
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 1

Lesson 1 · 动物园的快乐一天

A happy day at the zoo
📚 现在完成时(一):基础结构

📖 Text 课文

🔊Last Saturday, Ben and his friends had a great day at the zoo.
🔊In the morning, at a quarter past nine, they had a snack.
🔊Ben had a banana. Lily had some milk and bread.
🔊"This bread is yummy!" Lily said.
🔊After the snack, they decided to see the pandas.
🔊"Let's go!" Ben shouted. They had so much fun watching the animals.
🔊Later, they had an ice cream break.
🔊"This is the best zoo day I've ever had!" Ben said with a big smile.
🔊In the afternoon, about half past four, they fed the rabbits and took photos.
🔊"What a fun day we've had!" Lily said as they walked home.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
zoo/zuː/n. 动物园
snack/snæk/n. 点心;零食
banana/bəˈnɑːnə/n. 香蕉
bread/bred/n. 面包
yummy/ˈjʌmi/adj. 好吃的;美味的
panda/ˈpændə/n. 熊猫
shout/ʃaʊt/v. 喊叫
animal/ˈænɪml/n. 动物
later/ˈleɪtə/adv. 后来;以后
break/breɪk/n. 休息
ever/ˈevə/adv. 曾经
rabbit/ˈræbɪt/n. 兔子
feed/fiːd/v. 喂
photo/ˈfəʊtəʊ/n. 照片
have a great dayphr. 度过很棒的一天
have fun doingphr. 做某事玩得开心
decide to dophr. 决定做某事
a quarter past ninephr. 九点一刻 (9:15)
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
zoon.动物园

用法:oo 发 /uː/

We had a day at the zoo. — 我们在动物园度过了一天。

💡 相关:park 公园

snackn.点心;零食

用法:have a snack = 吃点心

They had a snack. — 他们吃了点心。

💡 相关:meal 一餐

bananan.香蕉

用法:复数 bananas

Ben had a banana. — Ben 吃了一根香蕉。

💡 相关:apple 苹果

breadn.面包

用法:ea 这里发 /e/,不可数

I had some bread. — 我吃了点面包。

💡 相关:butter 黄油

yummyadj.好吃的;美味的

用法:口语词,孩子常用

This bread is yummy! — 这面包真好吃!

💡 同义:delicious 美味的

pandan.熊猫

用法:复数 pandas

We saw the pandas. — 我们看了熊猫。

💡 相关:bear 熊

shoutv.喊叫

用法:ou 发 /aʊ/;过去式 shouted

"Let's go!" Ben shouted. — "走吧!" Ben 喊道。

💡 反义:whisper 低声说

animaln.动物

用法:复数 animals

They watched the animals. — 他们看动物。

💡 相关:pet 宠物

lateradv.后来;以后

用法:late + r → 后来

Later, they had ice cream. — 后来,他们吃了冰淇淋。

💡 反义:earlier 早些时候

breakn.休息

用法:have a break = 休息一下

They had an ice cream break. — 他们吃冰淇淋休息了一下。

💡 相关:rest 休息

everadv.曾经

用法:常用于现在完成时疑问句和最高级中

The best day I've ever had! — 我度过的最棒的一天!

💡 反义:never 从不

rabbitn.兔子

用法:复数 rabbits

They fed the rabbits. — 他们喂了兔子。

💡 相关:bunny 兔宝宝

feedv.

用法:过去式 fed

They fed the rabbits. — 他们喂了兔子。

💡 相关:food 食物

photon.照片

用法:复数 photos;take photos = 拍照

They took photos. — 他们拍了照片。

💡 同义:picture 图片

have a great dayphr.度过很棒的一天

用法:have + a + 形容词 + day

We had a great day. — 我们度过了很棒的一天。

💡 相关:have fun 玩得开心

have fun doingphr.做某事玩得开心

用法:have fun + 动名词(doing)

They had fun watching animals. — 他们看动物玩得很开心。

💡 类似:enjoy doing 喜欢做

decide to dophr.决定做某事

用法:decide + to + 动词原形

They decided to see the pandas. — 他们决定去看熊猫。

💡 相关:plan to do 计划做

a quarter past ninephr.九点一刻 (9:15)

用法:past = 过;半小时内用 past

at a quarter past nine — 在九点一刻

💡 类似:half past nine 九点半

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 have a great day
度过愉快的一天
🔊 have lunch / dinner at
在……吃午饭/晚饭
🔊 have a look at
看一眼……
🔊 decide to do sth.
决定做某事
🔊 a group of pandas
一群熊猫
🔊 a bag of bamboo
一袋竹子
🔊 take photos with
与……拍照
🔊 feed the animals
喂动物
🔊 be excited about
对……感到兴奋
🔊 on a school trip
在学校旅行
🔊 learn a lot from
从……学到很多
🔊 have fun together
一起玩得开心

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周六,Ben 和他的朋友们在动物园度过了很棒的一天。

上午九点一刻,他们吃了点心。

Ben 吃了一根香蕉。Lily 喝了牛奶吃了面包。

"这面包真好吃!" Lily 说。

吃完点心后,他们决定去看熊猫。

"我们走吧!" Ben 喊道。他们看动物玩得很开心。

后来,他们吃冰淇淋休息了一下。

"这是我度过的最棒的动物园一天!" Ben 笑得很开心地说。

下午大约四点半,他们喂兔子、拍照片。

"我们今天玩得真开心!" Lily 一边走回家一边说。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:have 的多种用法(铺垫)
主语 + have/has + 名词 / 经历
📐 句型拆解
▸ have 表"有" I have a bag.
▸ have 表"经历" We have a great day.
▸ he/she/it → has She has a book.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 We have a great day at the zoo. 我们在动物园度过了愉快的一天。
🔊 The panda has a bag of bamboo. 熊猫有一袋竹子。
💡 have/has 不只是"有",还可以表"经历、体验、吃喝"。本课是现在完成时的铺垫课。

一、动词 have 的多种用法(实义动词)

have 是英语里非常常见的动词。它最基础的意思是 "拥有",但还有很多固定搭配。

1. 表示拥有:have / has + 名词

I have a new bike. — 我有一辆新自行车。
She has long hair. — 她有长头发。
The book has many pictures. — 这本书有很多图片。

2. 表示吃喝:have + 食物 / 饮料

I had a banana. — 我吃了一根香蕉。
She had some bread. — 她吃了点面包。
They had milk for breakfast. — 他们早餐喝了牛奶。

3. 表示经历某事:have a + 名词

have a snack 吃点心  They had a snack.
have a break 休息一下  Let's have a break.
have a great day 度过很棒的一天  We had a great day.
have fun 玩得开心  They had fun.
💡 记忆口诀:have 不只是"有",还能"吃喝玩乐"!

二、I've ever had 的用法

I've hadI have had 的缩写,是现在完成时。常和最高级 + 名词 + I've ever had 搭配,表示"我经历过最……的某物"。

结构:the + 最高级 + 名词 + I've ever had

This is the best day I've ever had. — 这是我度过最棒的一天。
It's the best ice cream I've ever had. — 这是我吃过最好吃的冰淇淋。
This is the worst cold I've ever had. — 这是我得过最严重的感冒。
It was the best zoo day I've ever had. — 这是我度过最棒的动物园一天。
🎵 口诀:最棒的什么 + I've ever had,等于"我这辈子最……的某物"。

三、时间表达法:past 和 to

英语里说时间,"过几点"用 past,"差几点"用 to

1. 半小时以内用 past(过了几分)

5 past 7 七点过五分 (7:05)
10 past 9 九点过十分 (9:10)
a quarter past 6 六点一刻 (6:15)  quarter = 一刻钟
half past 8 八点半 (8:30)  half = 半小时

2. 超过半小时用 to(差几分到几点)

5 to 4 差五分四点 (3:55)
10 to 12 差十分十二点 (11:50)
a quarter to 10 差一刻十点 (9:45)
🎵 口诀:过几点用 past,差几分用 to。quarter 是一刻,half 是半。

四、重点句型

记住这两个常考句型。

1. decide to do = 决定做某事

They decided to see the pandas. — 他们决定去看熊猫。
She decides to read a book. — 她决定读一本书。
I decided to go home early. — 我决定早点回家。

2. have fun (in) doing = 做某事玩得开心

They had fun watching animals. — 他们看动物玩得很开心。
I have fun playing soccer. — 我踢足球玩得很开心。
She has fun reading books. — 她读书很开心。
💡 注意:have fun 后面的动词要变成 doing(动名词)。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Last Saturday, Ben and his friends had a great day at the zoo.
上周六,Ben 和他的朋友们在动物园度过了很棒的一天。
1. 句型:时间 + 主语 + had + a great day + 地点。
2. had:have 的过去式,这里表示"度过"。
3. at the zoo:在动物园,固定搭配。
📝 即练:
改错:Yesterday, we have a great day. → had (yesterday → 过去 → had。)
翻译:他们昨天在公园度过了很棒的一天。 → They had a great day at the park yesterday. (They had a great day at the park yesterday.)
🔊
They decided to see the pandas.
他们决定去看熊猫。
1. 句型:主语 + decided + to + 动词原形 + 宾语。
2. decide to do:决定做某事,后面跟动词原形。
3. see:动词原形,不能加 -ed 或 -ing。
📝 即练:
改错:I decided going home. → to go (decide + to + 动词原形。)
填空:She decided ___ ___ a new book.(买) → to buy (decide to buy 决定买。)
🔊
This is the best zoo day I've ever had!
这是我度过的最棒的动物园一天!
1. 句型:This is + the + 最高级 + 名词 + I've ever had.
2. I've ever had:我曾经经历过的,强调"有史以来"。
3. best:good 的最高级。
📝 即练:
填空:This is the ___ ice cream I've ever had.(最好吃的) → best (good 的最高级 = best。)
翻译:这是我度过最开心的一天! → This is the happiest day I've ever had! (happy 的最高级 = happiest。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 zoo 是什么意思?
A公园B动物园C学校D商店
2 🔊 have 的过去式是?
AhavedBhasChadDhaving
3 🔊 snack 是什么意思?
AB点心C袋子D
4 🔊 panda 是什么意思?
AB熊猫C兔子D老虎
5 🔊 decide to 后面跟什么?
A动名词 doingB动词原形C过去式D形容词
6 🔊 have fun 后面跟什么?
A动词原形B动名词 doingCto doD过去式
7 🔊 中译英:动物园
8 🔊 中译英:兔子
9 🔊 填空:They a snack.(吃了点心)
10 🔊 "have a break" 意思是?
A打破B休息一下C断了D吃饭

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "I decided to the zoo." 填?
AgoBgoingCto goDwent
2 🔊 "They have fun TV." 填?
AwatchBto watchCwatchingDwatched
3 🔊 改错:Last Sunday we have a great day.
4 🔊 填空:6:15 = a quarter six.
5 🔊 填空:9:45 = a quarter ten.
6 🔊 翻译:我们决定去看熊猫。
7 🔊 排序:
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 "This is the best day I've ever ." 填?
AhaveBhadChasDhaving

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:上周六,我们去了动物园,玩得很开心。
2 🔊 翻译:这是我吃过最好吃的冰淇淋!
3 🔊 改错(2处):They decided going to the park, and have fun.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Ben 一伙人去了哪里?
A公园B学校C动物园D海边
2 🔊 👑 他们决定去看什么?
A老虎B熊猫C猴子D大象
3 🔊 👑 翻译:上周六,我和朋友们度过了最棒的一天。我们决定去动物园。我们看动物玩得很开心。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了动词 have 的多种用法(实义动词)
✅ 我掌握了I've ever had 的用法
✅ 我掌握了时间表达法:past 和 to
✅ 我掌握了重点句型

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 2 · A tidy desk 一张整洁的书桌

新知识点:现在完成时基本结构 + 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 2

Lesson 2 · 一张整洁的书桌

A tidy desk
📚 现在完成时(二):vs 一般过去时

📖 Text 课文

🔊Mom: Wow, Lily! Your desk looks so neat!
🔊Lily: I've cleaned it this morning.
🔊Mom: Really? That's great!
🔊Lily: I know. I've already put my books in order.
🔊Mom: I'm so proud of you. Why did you do that?
🔊Lily: My uncle has just called. He's coming soon.
🔊Mom: Oh! That's a good reason. Have you done your homework yet?
🔊Lily: Not yet. I've been busy with the cleaning.
🔊Mom: Well, you've done a great job. We can do homework after lunch.
🔊Lily: Thanks, Mom! That sounds nice.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
tidy/ˈtaɪdi/adj. 整洁的
desk/desk/n. 书桌;课桌
neat/niːt/adj. 整洁的;干净的
already/ɔːlˈredi/adv. 已经
reason/ˈriːzn/n. 理由;原因
just/dʒʌst/adv. 刚刚;正好
soon/suːn/adv. 很快;不久
yet/jet/adv. 还;尚(用于否定/疑问)
uncle/ˈʌŋkl/n. 叔叔;舅舅
proud/praʊd/adj. 骄傲的;自豪的
put awayphr. 收好;放好
put in orderphr. 把……摆好
be busy withphr. 忙于……
do a great jobphr. 做得很棒
sound nicephr. 听起来不错
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
tidyadj.整洁的

用法:i 发 /aɪ/

My desk is tidy. — 我的书桌很整洁。

💡 同义:neat 整洁的;反义:messy 脏乱的

deskn.书桌;课桌

用法:复数 desks

I clean my desk. — 我打扫书桌。

💡 相关:table 桌子

neatadj.整洁的;干净的

用法:ea 发 /iː/

Your desk looks neat. — 你的书桌看起来很整洁。

💡 同义:tidy 整洁的

alreadyadv.已经

用法:常用于现在完成时肯定句

I've already cleaned it. — 我已经打扫过了。

💡 相关:yet 还(用于否定/疑问)

reasonn.理由;原因

用法:ea 发 /iː/

That's a good reason. — 这是个好理由。

💡 相关:why 为什么

justadv.刚刚;正好

用法:常用于现在完成时

He has just called. — 他刚刚打过电话。

💡 类似:recently 最近

soonadv.很快;不久

用法:oo 发 /uː/

He's coming soon. — 他很快就来。

💡 反义:later 以后

yetadv.还;尚(用于否定/疑问)

用法:放在句末

Have you done it yet? — 你做完了吗?

💡 相关:already 已经

unclen.叔叔;舅舅

用法:复数 uncles

My uncle has called. — 我叔叔打过电话。

💡 相关:aunt 姑姑/阿姨

proudadj.骄傲的;自豪的

用法:be proud of = 为……骄傲

I'm proud of you. — 我为你骄傲。

💡 反义:ashamed 惭愧的

put awayphr.收好;放好

用法:put + away;过去式 put away(不变)

I've put away my toys. — 我已经收好玩具了。

💡 相关:tidy up 整理

put in orderphr.把……摆好

用法:put + 宾语 + in order

I've put my books in order. — 我把书摆好了。

💡 同义:arrange 整理

be busy withphr.忙于……

用法:be busy with + 名词;be busy doing + 动名词

I've been busy with cleaning. — 我一直忙着打扫。

💡 相关:be busy doing 忙于做某事

do a great jobphr.做得很棒

用法:do + a + 形容词 + job

You've done a great job. — 你做得很棒。

💡 同义:do well 做得好

sound nicephr.听起来不错

用法:sound + 形容词

That sounds nice. — 听起来不错。

💡 相关:look nice 看起来不错

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 have just done
刚刚做了……
🔊 have already done
已经做了……
🔊 clean / tidy up
打扫 / 整理
🔊 put back
放回原处
🔊 throw away
扔掉
🔊 be ready for
为……做好准备
🔊 look much better
看起来好多了
🔊 be proud of
为……感到自豪
🔊 on the desk / shelf
在桌上 / 架子上
🔊 keep things in order
保持东西有序
🔊 every weekend
每个周末
🔊 it takes time to
做……需要时间

🇨🇳 参考译文

妈妈:哇,Lily!你的书桌看起来真整洁!

Lily:我今天早上已经打扫过了。

妈妈:真的吗?太棒了!

Lily:是啊。我已经把书摆好了。

妈妈:我真为你骄傲。你为什么这么做?

Lily:我叔叔刚打过电话。他很快就要来了。

妈妈:哦!这是个好理由。你做完作业了吗?

Lily:还没。我一直忙着打扫。

妈妈:嗯,你做得很棒。我们可以午饭后做作业。

Lily:谢谢妈妈!听起来很不错。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:现在完成时(一)基本结构
主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词(V-ed/V3)+ ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ I / you / we / they have + V-ed
▸ he / she / it has + V-ed
▸ 规则过去分词 = 过去式 cleaned, tidied
▸ 不规则过去分词 do→done, write→written
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I have cleaned my desk. 我刚刚把书桌整理好了。
🔊 Lucy has tidied her books. 露西已经整理好书了。
⏰ 现在完成时表示"过去发生、对现在有影响"。常和 just / already / yet 一起用。

一、现在完成时基本结构

现在完成时强调"过去发生的动作对现在有影响或结果"。结构:have / has + 过去分词

结构:主语 + have / has + 过去分词(done, cleaned, eaten 等)

I / you / we / they have  复数主语 + have
he / she / it has  单数主语 + has

常见缩写

I have I've  我已经……
he has he's  他已经……
she has she's  她已经……

课文中的现在完成时句子分析

I've cleaned it this morning. — 我今天早上已经打扫过了。(动作的结果:现在很干净)
I've already put my books in order. — 我已经把书摆好了。(结果:书架整齐)
My uncle has just called. — 我叔叔刚打过电话。(影响:他要来了)
I've been busy with the cleaning. — 我一直忙着打扫。(持续到现在)
💡 常见时间状语:already, just, yet, recently, ever, before, so far

二、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时

这两个时态都讲"过去",但现在完成时强调对现在的影响一般过去时只是单纯讲过去

1. 关键区别

现在完成时 过去动作 → 现在还有结果/影响  常用 already / just / yet
一般过去时 只是讲过去发生了什么  常用 yesterday / last week / ago

2. 例句对比

I've cleaned my desk. — 我已经打扫过书桌了。(现在很干净)
I cleaned my desk yesterday. — 我昨天打扫了书桌。(不知道现在是否干净)
She's just called. — 她刚刚打过电话。(影响现在:她在路上)
She called me yesterday. — 她昨天打了电话给我。(只是叙述)

3. 看时间词判断

already, just, yet, ever → 现在完成时  have/has + 过去分词
yesterday, last night, ago → 一般过去时  动词过去式
🎵 口诀:明确过去时间 → 过去式;说"已经/刚刚/还没"→ 完成时。

三、过去分词的形式

过去分词是构成现在完成时的关键。规则动词加 -ed,但很多常用动词是不规则的。

1. 规则动词:动词原形 + ed

clean → cleaned 打扫  I've cleaned my room.
play → played  He's played soccer.
finish → finished 完成  She's finished her work.
visit → visited 拜访  They've visited me.

2. 常用不规则动词(要背熟)

do → done  I've done it.
eat → eaten  He's eaten lunch.
go → gone 去(未回)  She's gone home.
see → seen 看见  I've seen it.
have → had 有;吃;度过  We've had a great day.
put → put 放(不变)  I've put it here.
come → come  He's come back.
💡 不规则动词需要多读多记。课本最后有附录可以查阅!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I've cleaned it this morning.
我今天早上已经打扫过了。
1. 句型:主语 + have/has + 过去分词(cleaned)。
2. I've:I have 的缩写。
3. cleaned:clean 的过去分词,规则动词加 ed。
4. 强调动作的结果:书桌现在很干净。
📝 即练:
改错:I cleaned already my room. → have cleaned (already → 现在完成时 → have cleaned。)
填空:She ___ ___ her homework.(已经做完) → has done (现在完成时 + 过去分词 done。)
🔊
My uncle has just called.
我叔叔刚打过电话。
1. 句型:主语 + has + just + 过去分词。
2. just:刚刚(强调发生不久)。
3. has called:因为主语 uncle 是单数。
4. 影响现在:他要来了。
📝 即练:
改错:He just has called me. → has just (just 放在 have/has 后面,过去分词前面。)
翻译:火车刚刚到站。 → The train has just arrived. (arrive 的过去分词 = arrived。)
🔊
Have you done your homework yet?
你做完作业了吗?
1. 句型:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ... + yet?
2. Have you:将助动词 have 提前 = 一般疑问句。
3. yet:用于疑问句和否定句,放句末。
📝 即练:
改错:Did you done your homework yet? → Have (yet → 现在完成时 → Have you done。)
翻译:他到学校了吗? → Has he arrived at school yet? (Has + he + arrived + at school + yet?)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 现在完成时的结构是?
Awas/were + ingBhave/has + 过去分词Cdo/does + 原形Dwill + 原形
2 🔊 tidy 是什么意思?
A脏的B整洁的C累的D快的
3 🔊 already 的意思是?
AB已经C马上D从不
4 🔊 do 的过去分词是?
AdidBdoneCdoingDdo
5 🔊 eat 的过去分词是?
AateBeatenCeatingDeat
6 🔊 have 的过去分词是?
AhasBhaveChadDhaving
7 🔊 中译英:已经
8 🔊 中译英:刚刚
9 🔊 填空:I have (clean) my room.
10 🔊 填空:She has (do) her homework.

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "They already eaten." 填?
AhaveBhasCisDare
2 🔊 "He his homework yesterday." 填?
Ahas doneBdidChas didDdoing
3 🔊 "She just left." 填?
AhaveBhasCisDwas
4 🔊 改错:They has finished the work.
5 🔊 改错:I cleaned already my desk.
6 🔊 填空:My uncle called.(刚刚)
7 🔊 排序:
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 put 的过去分词是?
AputtedBputCputingDputs

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:我已经打扫过房间了,所以现在很干净。
2 🔊 翻译:他刚刚打过电话。他很快就要来了。
3 🔊 改错(2处):She have just done her homework, but she clean her room yesterday.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Lily 为什么打扫房间?
A妈妈让她做的B叔叔要来了C今天是周末D她无聊
2 🔊 👑 Lily 做完作业了吗?
A做完了B还没做C一半D没说
3 🔊 👑 翻译:我已经打扫过书桌了,把书都摆好了。我做完了!
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了现在完成时基本结构
✅ 我掌握了现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
✅ 我掌握了过去分词的形式

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 3 · The library has changed our lives 图书馆改变了我们的生活

新知识点:现在完成时的一般疑问句 + 现在完成时的否定句

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 3

Lesson 3 · 图书馆改变了我们的生活

The library has changed our lives
📚 现在完成时(三):疑问/否定 + fe→ves 复数

📖 Text 课文

🔊Sam: Hi, Mia! Have you noticed how books have changed our lives?
🔊Mia: Yes! I've read so many stories at the new library.
🔊Sam: I've borrowed books about kings and their wives, too.
🔊Mia: Have you read the one about leaves?
🔊Sam: Not yet. I haven't finished my last book.
🔊Mia: It's about how leaves change in autumn. The trees lose their leaves.
🔊Sam: That sounds nice. Books have made our lives more fun.
🔊Mia: Absolutely! I can't imagine my life without books.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
library/ˈlaɪbrəri/n. 图书馆
change/tʃeɪndʒ/v./n. 改变;变化
notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意到
story/ˈstɔːri/n. 故事
borrow/ˈbɒrəʊ/v. 借(入)
king/kɪŋ/n. 国王
wife/waɪf/n. 妻子
leaf/liːf/n. 树叶
life/laɪf/n. 生活;生命
autumn/ˈɔːtəm/n. 秋天
lose/luːz/v. 失去;丢失
imagine/ɪˈmædʒɪn/v. 想象
absolutely/ˈæbsəluːtli/adv. 绝对地;当然
autumn/ˈɔːtəm/n. 秋天(重复见上)
haven't/ˈhævnt/contraction have not 的缩写
hasn't/ˈhæznt/contraction has not 的缩写
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
libraryn.图书馆

用法:复数 libraries(y → ies)

I go to the library. — 我去图书馆。

💡 相关:bookshop 书店

changev./n.改变;变化

用法:过去分词 changed

Books have changed my life. — 书改变了我的生活。

💡 同义:alter 改变

noticev.注意到

用法:过去分词 noticed

Have you noticed it? — 你注意到了吗?

💡 同义:see 看到

storyn.故事

用法:复数 stories(y → ies)

I read stories. — 我读故事。

💡 相关:tale 故事

borrowv.借(入)

用法:过去分词 borrowed

I've borrowed a book. — 我借了一本书。

💡 反义:lend 借出

kingn.国王

用法:复数 kings

a story about kings — 关于国王的故事

💡 相关:queen 女王

wifen.妻子

用法:<strong>复数 wives</strong>(fe → ves)

kings and their wives — 国王和他们的妻子

💡 反义:husband 丈夫

leafn.树叶

用法:<strong>复数 leaves</strong>(f → ves)

The leaves are red. — 树叶是红色的。

💡 相关:tree 树

lifen.生活;生命

用法:<strong>复数 lives</strong>(fe → ves)

Books have changed our lives. — 书改变了我们的生活。

💡 相关:live 居住

autumnn.秋天

用法:mn 中的 n 不发音

in autumn — 在秋天

💡 美式:fall 秋天

losev.失去;丢失

用法:过去分词 lost

Trees lose their leaves. — 树会落叶。

💡 反义:find 找到

imaginev.想象

用法:过去分词 imagined

I can't imagine it. — 我无法想象。

💡 相关:think 想

absolutelyadv.绝对地;当然

用法:强调"完全同意"

Absolutely! — 绝对是!

💡 同义:definitely 确实地

autumnn.秋天(重复见上)

用法:相关搭配

in autumn 在秋天 —
haven'tcontractionhave not 的缩写

用法:用于第一/二人称和复数否定

I haven't finished. — 我还没完成。

💡 相关:hasn't = has not

hasn'tcontractionhas not 的缩写

用法:用于第三人称单数否定

He hasn't come. — 他还没来。

💡 相关:haven't = have not

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 Have you ever...?
你曾经……过吗?
🔊 not yet (还没)
还没
🔊 change one's life
改变某人的生活
🔊 be interested in
对……感兴趣
🔊 borrow books from
从……借书
🔊 return books on time
按时还书
🔊 go to the library
去图书馆
🔊 a quiet place
一个安静的地方
🔊 for free
免费
🔊 check out
借出(图书)
🔊 a library card
借书卡
🔊 open the door to knowledge
打开知识之门

🇨🇳 参考译文

Sam:嗨,Mia!你注意到书已经改变了我们的生活吗?

Mia:是的!我在新图书馆读了好多故事。

Sam:我也借了关于国王和他们妻子的书。

Mia:你读过那本关于树叶的书吗?

Sam:还没。我上一本书还没读完。

Mia:那本书讲的是树叶秋天怎么变化。树会落叶。

Sam:听起来不错。书让我们的生活更有趣了。

Mia:绝对是!我无法想象没有书的生活。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:现在完成时(二)疑问/否定
Have/Has + 主语 + V-ed + ? / 主语 + haven't/hasn't + V-ed
📐 句型拆解
▸ 一般疑问 Have you read it?
▸ 特殊疑问 What has she learned?
▸ 否定句 I haven't been there.
▸ haven't/hasn't 缩写 have not / has not
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Have you read this book? 你读过这本书吗?
🔊 I haven't finished it yet. 我还没读完。
⚠️ 现在完成时的否定/疑问把 have/has 移到主语前或加 not。

一、现在完成时的一般疑问句

have / has 提到主语前面,就变成疑问句。

结构:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他 ?

Have you done your homework? — 你做完作业了吗?
Has she eaten lunch yet? — 她吃过午饭了吗?
Have they arrived at school? — 他们到学校了吗?
Has he read the book? — 他读过这本书吗?

用助动词 have / has 回答

肯定回答 Yes, I have. / Yes, he has.  是的,我已经;是的,他已经
否定回答 No, I haven't. / No, he hasn't.  不,我还没;不,他还没
💡 不要用 "Yes, I do." 回答现在完成时的问题,要用 have/has。

二、现在完成时的否定句

have / has 后面加 not,构成否定句。

结构:主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词

I haven't finished my book. — 我还没读完我的书。
She hasn't arrived yet. — 她还没到。
They haven't eaten lunch. — 他们还没吃午饭。
He hasn't cleaned his room. — 他还没打扫房间。

常见缩写

have not haven't  常用于 I/you/we/they
has not hasn't  常用于 he/she/it
🎵 口诀:现在完成时的否定 = have/has + not + 过去分词。yet 常放句末。

三、★ 名词复数:fe / f → ves(核心规则)

英语里以 -fe-f 结尾的名词,复数通常变 -ves。注意发音也从 /f/ 变成 /v/。

1. fe → ves(去掉 fe,加 ves)

wife wives  妻子 → 妻子们 /waɪvz/
life lives  生命 → 生命们 /laɪvz/
knife knives  刀 → 刀们 /naɪvz/

2. f → ves(去掉 f,加 ves)

leaf leaves  树叶 → 树叶们 /liːvz/
half halves  一半 → 两半 /hɑːvz/
shelf shelves  架子 → 架子们 /ʃelvz/
wolf wolves  狼 → 狼们 /wʊlvz/
thief thieves  小偷 → 小偷们 /θiːvz/

3. 句子中的应用

Many leaves fall in autumn. — 秋天很多树叶飘落。
My grandparents lived peaceful lives. — 我的祖父母过着宁静的生活。
The kings and their wives lived in the castle. — 国王和他们的妻子住在城堡里。
Please put the knives on the table. — 请把刀放在桌上。
There are many books on the shelves. — 架子上有很多书。
Cut the apple into halves. — 把苹果切成两半。

4. 例外:直接加 s(不变 ves)

roof roofs  屋顶 → 屋顶们(不变 ves)
chief chiefs  首领 → 首领们(不变 ves)
belief beliefs  信念 → 信念们(不变 ves)
🎵 口诀:fe / f 变 ves 是常态,roof, chief, belief 直接加 s。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Have you noticed how books have changed our lives?
你注意到书已经改变了我们的生活吗?
1. 句型:Have you + 过去分词……?
2. noticed:notice 的过去分词。
3. have changed:现在完成时,强调对现在的影响。
4. lives:life 的复数(fe → ves)。
📝 即练:
改错:Have you noticing the change? → noticed (have + 过去分词 noticed。)
填空:Books have changed our ___.(life 的复数) → lives (life → lives。)
🔊
I haven't finished my last book.
我上一本书还没读完。
1. 句型:主语 + haven't + 过去分词 + ……
2. haven't:have not 的缩写。
3. finished:finish 的过去分词。
📝 即练:
改错:I don't finished my book. → haven't (现在完成时否定 → haven't。)
翻译:他还没吃午饭。 → He hasn't eaten lunch yet. (he + hasn't + eaten + lunch + yet。)
🔊
The trees lose their leaves.
树会落叶。
1. 句型:主语(复数)+ 动词原形 + 宾语。
2. trees:tree 的复数。
3. leaves:leaf 的复数(f → ves)。
📝 即练:
填空:The tree has many ___.(leaf 的复数) → leaves (leaf → leaves。)
翻译:秋天树叶变红。 → Leaves turn red in autumn. (Leaves + turn + red + in autumn。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 wife 的复数是?
AwifesBwivesCwifeesDwife
2 🔊 leaf 的复数是?
AleafsBleavesCleafesDleaf
3 🔊 life 的复数是?
AlifesBlivesClifeesDlife
4 🔊 knife 的复数是?
AknifesBknivesCknifeesDknife
5 🔊 shelf 的复数是?
AshelfsBshelvesCshelfesDshelf
6 🔊 wolf 的复数是?
AwolfsBwolvesCwolffesDwolf
7 🔊 "have not" 的缩写是?
Ahaven'tBhasn'tCdon'tDdoesn't
8 🔊 中译英:图书馆
9 🔊 中译英:树叶
10 🔊 中译英:秋天

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 " you read this book?" 填?
ADoBDidCHaveDAre
2 🔊 "He finished his homework yet." 填?
Adon'tBdoesn'tChaven'tDhasn't
3 🔊 "There are many on the table." 填?
AknifeBknifesCknivesDknifing
4 🔊 "Books have changed our ." 填?
AlifeBlifesClivesDliving
5 🔊 改错:The trees have many leafs.
6 🔊 改错:The kings and their wifes.
7 🔊 填空:Cut the cake into two .(half 复数)
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:你读过这本关于狼和小偷的书吗?
2 🔊 翻译:树叶在秋天落下。我们的生活也改变了。
3 🔊 改错(2处):The trees has many leafs in summer.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Mia 在哪里读了很多书?
A学校B家里C新图书馆D书店
2 🔊 👑 那本关于树叶的书讲了什么?
A树叶的颜色B树叶秋天怎么变化C怎么画树叶D吃树叶
3 🔊 👑 翻译:图书馆改变了我们的生活。我读了很多关于国王和他们妻子的故事。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了现在完成时的一般疑问句
✅ 我掌握了现在完成时的否定句
✅ 我掌握了★ 名词复数:fe / f → ves(核心规则)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 4 · My best pal Tim 我最好的伙伴 Tim

新知识点:现在完成时表"持续":for + 时间段 + since + 过去时间点

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 4

Lesson 4 · 我最好的伙伴 Tim

My best pal Tim
📚 现在完成时(四):for / since 持续性

📖 Text 课文

🔊Tim and I have been pals since first grade.
🔊That means we've known each other for over five years!
🔊We've had so many fun days together.
🔊We've helped each other in tough times.
🔊We've also shared many happy moments.
🔊Tim has lived next door for a long time.
🔊We've been in the same class for three years.
🔊Even now, we still play together every weekend.
🔊I have a great pal, and I'm so happy.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
pal/pæl/n. 好朋友;伙伴
grade/ɡreɪd/n. 年级;等级
mean/miːn/v. 意味着
each other/iːtʃ ˈʌðə/phr. 互相
tough/tʌf/adj. 艰难的
share/ʃeə/v. 分享
moment/ˈməʊmənt/n. 时刻;瞬间
next door/nekst dɔː/phr. 隔壁
same/seɪm/adj. 相同的
weekend/ˌwiːkˈend/n. 周末
since/sɪns/prep./conj. 自从
over/ˈəʊvə/prep. 超过
still/stɪl/adv. 仍然
know/nəʊ/v. 认识;知道
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
paln.好朋友;伙伴

用法:口语词,比 friend 更亲近

He is my best pal. — 他是我最好的伙伴。

💡 同义:buddy 伙伴

graden.年级;等级

用法:first grade = 一年级

I'm in fifth grade. — 我在五年级。

💡 相关:class 班级

meanv.意味着

用法:过去分词 meant /ment/

That means a lot. — 这意味着很多。

💡 相关:mean 意思

each otherphr.互相

用法:两人之间互相

We help each other. — 我们互相帮助。

💡 相关:one another 彼此

toughadj.艰难的

用法:gh 不发音

tough times — 艰难时刻

💡 同义:hard 困难的

sharev.分享

用法:过去分词 shared

We've shared moments. — 我们分享了时光。

💡 相关:give 给

momentn.时刻;瞬间

用法:复数 moments

happy moments — 快乐时光

💡 同义:time 时间

next doorphr.隔壁

用法:live next door = 住在隔壁

He lives next door. — 他住在隔壁。

💡 相关:neighbor 邻居

sameadj.相同的

用法:the same + 名词

in the same class — 在同一个班

💡 反义:different 不同的

weekendn.周末

用法:every weekend = 每个周末

I play on weekends. — 我周末玩。

💡 相关:weekday 工作日

sinceprep./conj.自从

用法:since + 时间点

since first grade — 自从一年级

💡 相关:from 从

overprep.超过

用法:over + 数字

over five years — 超过五年

💡 同义:more than 多于

stilladv.仍然

用法:放在 be 后面 / 实义动词前面

I still play. — 我仍然玩。

💡 相关:yet 还

knowv.认识;知道

用法:过去分词 known

I've known him. — 我认识他。

💡 相关:meet 见面

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 the best friend
最好的朋友
🔊 for two years
两年了
🔊 for a long time
很长时间
🔊 have known sb. for
认识某人……了
🔊 grow up together
一起长大
🔊 share secrets with
与……分享秘密
🔊 be there for sb.
陪伴某人,支持某人
🔊 care about each other
互相关心
🔊 go through thick and thin
同甘共苦
🔊 a true friend
一个真正的朋友
🔊 count on sb.
依靠某人
🔊 stand by sb.
支持某人

🇨🇳 参考译文

Tim 和我从一年级起就是好伙伴。

这意味着我们已经认识超过五年了!

我们一起度过了许多快乐的日子。

在困难时刻我们互相帮助。

我们也分享过许多快乐时光。

Tim 在我隔壁住了很长时间。

我们在同一班三年了。

即使现在,我们每个周末还一起玩。

我有一个很棒的伙伴,我很开心。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:现在完成时(三)for + 时间段
主语 + have/has + V-ed + for + 时间段
📐 句型拆解
▸ for + 时段 for two years(两年了)
▸ 表"持续多久" 强调时间长度
▸ 常用搭配 for a long time / for years
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 We have been best friends for two years. 我们已经是好朋友两年了。
🔊 She has lived here for ten years. 她在这里住了十年。
⏰ for 后面跟"时间段"(two years, a long time)—— 强调"持续了多久"。

一、现在完成时表"持续":for + 时间段

现在完成时还有一个用法:动作或状态从过去开始,一直持续到现在。常用 for 表示持续的时间段。

结构:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 一段时间

I have lived here for five years. — 我在这里住了五年了。
She has known him for a long time. — 她认识他很久了。
They have been friends for ten years. — 他们做朋友十年了。
We've been in the same class for three years. — 我们在同一班三年了。

常见 for + 时间段搭配

for two days 两天
for a week 一周
for five years 五年
for a long time 很长时间
💡 关键:for 后面跟"一段"时间。

二、since + 过去时间点

since 后面跟"过去某个时间点",表示从那时开始一直到现在。

结构:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 时间点

He has worked here since 2020. — 他从 2020 年开始在这里工作。
She has been my friend since we were six. — 她从我们六岁起就是我的朋友。
I've known him since last summer. — 我从去年夏天就认识他了。
Tim and I have been pals since first grade. — Tim 和我从一年级起就是伙伴。

常见 since + 时间点搭配

since 2020 从 2020 年起  具体年份
since last week 从上周起  上一个时间段
since Monday 从星期一起  星期
since first grade 从一年级起  过去某个阶段

★ for 和 since 的区别

for + 时间段 表示"持续了多久"  for 5 years (五年)
since + 时间点 表示"从什么时候开始"  since 2020 (从 2020)
🎵 口诀:for 跟"多久",since 跟"什么时候"。

三、how long 提问"持续多久"

问"做某事多长时间了"用 how long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词……?

结构:How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词……?

How long have you known her? — 你认识她多久了?
How long has he lived here? — 他在这里住了多久?
How long have they been friends? — 他们做朋友多久了?

用 for / since 回答

— How long have you known her? — I've known her for 5 years. / since 2020.  认识 5 年 / 从 2020 年起
💡 回答时灵活选用 for(多久)或 since(从什么时候)。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Tim and I have been pals since first grade.
Tim 和我从一年级起就是好伙伴。
1. 句型:主语 + have been + 名词 + since + 过去时间点。
2. have been:be 动词的现在完成时。
3. since:从某个时间点起。
📝 即练:
改错:We have been friends for 2018. → since (2018 是时间点 → since。)
翻译:他们从去年夏天就是朋友了。 → They have been friends since last summer. (have been + since last summer。)
🔊
We've known each other for over five years!
我们已经认识超过五年了!
1. 句型:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 时间段。
2. known:know 的过去分词。
3. over five years:超过五年(一段时间)。
📝 即练:
填空:I've lived here ___ ten years. → for (ten years 是时间段 → for。)
翻译:我们认识三年了。 → We have known each other for three years. (have known + for + 时间段。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 25 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 pal 是什么意思?
A宠物B伙伴C父母D同学
2 🔊 for 后面跟什么?
A过去时间点B一段时间C动词原形D形容词
3 🔊 since 后面跟什么?
A一段时间B过去时间点C动词原形D形容词
4 🔊 know 的过去分词是?
AknewBknowingCknownDknow
5 🔊 each other 是什么意思?
A每个B互相C其他D另一个
6 🔊 tough 是什么意思?
A艰难的B柔软的C快乐的D冷的
7 🔊 中译英:周末
8 🔊 中译英:分享
9 🔊 填空:I have lived here five years.
10 🔊 填空:He has worked here 2020.

🌟 中级题 Medium(8 题)

1 🔊 "They have been friends they were six." 填?
AforBsinceCinDon
2 🔊 "How long you lived here?" 填?
AdoBdidChaveDare
3 🔊 "She has known him a long time." 填?
AforBsinceCinDon
4 🔊 改错:I have been here since 5 years.
5 🔊 改错:He has lived here for 2020.
6 🔊 翻译:我认识 Tim 五年了。
7 🔊 排序:
8 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:Tim 是我最好的伙伴。我们从一年级起就互相帮助。
2 🔊 翻译:他在这里住了很长时间。
3 🔊 改错(2处):I has known her since five years.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 Tim 和"我"是从什么时候开始做朋友的?
A幼儿园B一年级C三年级D去年
2 🔊 👑 他们认识多久了?
A超过三年B超过五年C超过十年D一年
3 🔊 👑 翻译:我和 Tim 已经做了五年朋友。我们一起度过了很多快乐时光。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了现在完成时表"持续":for + 时间段
✅ 我掌握了since + 过去时间点
✅ 我掌握了how long 提问"持续多久"

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 5 · A busy Sunday 忙碌的星期天

新知识点:★ 短暂动词 vs 延续性动词 + be / on 表示"持续中"

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 5

Lesson 5 · 忙碌的星期天

A busy Sunday
📚 现在完成时(五):延续性 vs 短暂动词

📖 Text 课文

🔊It's Sunday, and we've had a busy day at home.
🔊Dad got up at seven and has been awake ever since.
🔊He opened the windows early, and they have been open for hours.
🔊Mom went out to buy fruit a while ago.
🔊She has been away for about an hour.
🔊My brother joined the art club last month.
🔊He has been a member ever since.
🔊Right now, he is drawing in his room.
🔊My sister fell asleep at midnight last night.
🔊She has been asleep all morning.
🔊What a busy Sunday!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
awake/əˈweɪk/adj. 醒着的
asleep/əˈsliːp/adj. 睡着的
fall asleepphr. 入睡
midnight/ˈmɪdnaɪt/n. 午夜
a while agophr. 不久前
away/əˈweɪ/adv. 离开;不在
fruit/fruːt/n. 水果
club/klʌb/n. 俱乐部
member/ˈmembə/n. 成员;会员
join/dʒɔɪn/v. 加入
art/ɑːt/n. 美术;艺术
draw/drɔː/v. 画(线条)
busy/ˈbɪzi/adj. 忙碌的
ever sincephr. 从那时起
hours/aʊəz/n. 小时(复数)
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
awakeadj.醒着的

用法:be awake = 处于醒着的状态

He has been awake for hours. — 他已经醒了好几个小时。

💡 反义:asleep 睡着的

asleepadj.睡着的

用法:be asleep = 处于睡着的状态

She has been asleep all day. — 她睡了一整天。

💡 反义:awake 醒着的

fall asleepphr.入睡

用法:过去式 fell asleep

I fell asleep at ten. — 我十点入睡。

💡 相关:go to sleep 去睡觉

midnightn.午夜

用法:mid(中)+ night(夜)

at midnight — 在午夜

💡 反义:noon 中午

a while agophr.不久前

用法:a while = 一会儿;ago = 之前

She left a while ago. — 她不久前离开了。

💡 相关:just now 刚才

awayadv.离开;不在

用法:be away = 不在

She has been away. — 她离开了。

💡 反义:here 在这里

fruitn.水果

用法:通常不可数

buy some fruit — 买些水果

💡 相关:apple 苹果

clubn.俱乐部

用法:join a club = 加入俱乐部

an art club — 美术俱乐部

💡 相关:team 队

membern.成员;会员

用法:be a member of

He is a member. — 他是会员。

💡 相关:club 俱乐部

joinv.加入

用法:过去分词 joined

I've joined the club. — 我加入了俱乐部。

💡 相关:member 成员

artn.美术;艺术

用法:art club = 美术俱乐部

I love art. — 我喜欢美术。

💡 相关:draw 画画

drawv.画(线条)

用法:过去分词 drawn

He is drawing. — 他在画画。

💡 相关:paint 涂色

busyadj.忙碌的

用法:be busy with / busy doing

a busy day — 忙碌的一天

💡 反义:free 空闲的

ever sincephr.从那时起

用法:常用于现在完成时句末

I've known him ever since. — 从那以后我就认识他。

💡 相关:since then 自那时起

hoursn.小时(复数)

用法:for hours = 好几个小时

He's been here for hours. — 他在这里好几个小时了。

💡 相关:minutes 分钟

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 since 8 in the morning
从早上 8 点开始
🔊 since I was five
从我 5 岁起
🔊 since 2020
自 2020 年起
🔊 have lived here since
从……起住在这里
🔊 have studied English for
学英语……了
🔊 a busy Sunday
忙碌的星期天
🔊 a lot to do
很多事要做
🔊 finish doing sth.
做完某事
🔊 be tired out
筋疲力尽
🔊 finally manage to do
最终设法做……
🔊 take a break
休息一下
🔊 rest for a while
休息一会儿

🇨🇳 参考译文

今天是星期天,我们在家度过了忙碌的一天。

爸爸七点起床,从那时起一直醒着。

他一大早就打开了窗,窗已经开了好几个小时了。

妈妈不久前出门买水果了。

她已经离开大约一个小时了。

我哥哥上个月加入了美术俱乐部。

从那以后他就一直是会员。

现在他正在房间里画画。

我妹妹昨晚午夜入睡。

她整个上午都在睡觉。

多么忙碌的星期天啊!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:现在完成时(四)since + 时间点
主语 + have/has + V-ed + since + 时间点 / 短暂 vs 延续动词
📐 句型拆解
▸ since + 时间点 since 2020 / since I was 5
▸ 表"从...开始" 强调起点
▸ 延续动词 know, live, have, study
▸ 短暂动词不能用 for/since die → be dead, buy → have
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I have known her since we were 5. 我从 5 岁就认识她了。
🔊 She has lived here since 2020. 她从 2020 年起住在这里。
⏰ for + 时间段 / since + 时间点。注意"买、来、去"是短暂动词不能搭配 for/since!

一、★ 短暂动词 vs 延续性动词

短暂动词表示动作"一下子完成",不能和"一段时间"连用。这时要换成延续性动词或短语

常见短暂动词 → 延续性表达

borrow → keep 借 → 保留  借了 5 天 ≠ 借 5 天,要说"持有 5 天"
buy → have 买 → 拥有
arrive → be here 到达 → 在这里
join → be in 加入 → 是成员
die → be dead 去世 → 已去世
fall ill → be ill 生病 → 处于生病
fall asleep → be asleep 入睡 → 睡着
open → be open 打开 → 是开着的
finish → be over 结束 → 已结束
get up → be up 起床 → 起床状态

对比例句

✗ He has joined the club for a month. — 错(join 是短暂动词)
✓ He has been in the club for a month. — 对(be in = 是成员,可以延续)
✗ She has fallen asleep for two hours. — 错
✓ She has been asleep for two hours. — 对(be asleep = 睡着的,可以延续)
🎵 口诀:短暂动词 + 一段时间 → 错!要换成"持续状态"。

二、be / on 表示"持续中"

be on 表示某事正在进行;on / be on 也可表示状态延续。

1. be on = 进行中

The class is on now. — 课正在进行。
The show has been on for an hour. — 演出已经进行了一小时。

2. go on = 继续进行

The movie went on for two hours. — 电影持续了两个小时。
She went on talking after a break. — 休息后她继续讲话。

3. keep on = 持续不断地

Keep on trying! — 继续努力!
He keeps on practicing every day. — 他每天坚持练习。
💡 这些短语都强调"持续"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Dad has been awake ever since.
爸爸从那时起一直醒着。
1. 句型:主语 + has been + 形容词 + ever since.
2. has been awake:be awake 是延续状态,可以和现在完成时连用。
3. ever since:从那时起一直。
📝 即练:
改错:He has woke up for hours. → been awake (wake up 短暂动词,要换成 be awake。)
翻译:她睡了三个小时了。 → She has been asleep for three hours. (has been asleep + for + 时间。)
🔊
He has been a member ever since.
从那以后他就一直是会员。
1. 句型:主语 + has been + a member + ever since.
2. has been a member:因为 join 是短暂动词,用 be a member 表示持续状态。
3. 这是"短暂 → 延续"转换的典型例子。
📝 即练:
改错:He has joined the club for a month. → been in (join 短暂动词 + 一段时间 → be in。)
填空:He ___ ___ a member for one year. → has been (has been a member(延续状态)。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 25 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 awake 的反义词是?
AtiredBasleepCbusyDhappy
2 🔊 midnight 是什么意思?
A正午B午夜C上午D深夜
3 🔊 fall asleep 是什么意思?
A睡醒B入睡C起床D熬夜
4 🔊 join 的过去分词是?
AjoiningBjoinedCjoinsDjoin
5 🔊 "join" 是什么类型的动词?
A短暂动词B延续性动词C助动词D系动词
6 🔊 arrive 转换为延续性表达是?
Abe hereBbe thereCbe homeDgo
7 🔊 中译英:水果
8 🔊 中译英:俱乐部
9 🔊 填空:She has been all morning.(睡着)
10 🔊 填空:The window has been for hours.(开着)

🌟 中级题 Medium(8 题)

1 🔊 "He a member for a year." 填?
Ahas joinedBhas beenCjoinedDis
2 🔊 "She ill for three days." 填?
Ahas fallenBhas beenCfellDis
3 🔊 "He asleep for two hours." 填?
Ahas fallenBhas beenCfellDsleeps
4 🔊 改错:He has joined the club for one month.
5 🔊 改错:The store has opened for an hour.
6 🔊 翻译:他在那里待了两个小时。
7 🔊 排序:
8 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:爸爸已经醒了两个小时了。妈妈出去买水果一个小时了。
2 🔊 翻译:他从上个月起就是这个俱乐部的会员。
3 🔊 改错(2处):The window has opened for hours, and he has fallen asleep for two hours.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里爸爸几点起床的?
A六点B七点C八点D九点
2 🔊 👑 课文里哥哥加入了什么俱乐部?
A音乐俱乐部B美术俱乐部C足球俱乐部D阅读俱乐部
3 🔊 👑 翻译:哥哥上个月加入了俱乐部,从那以后他一直是会员。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ 短暂动词 vs 延续性动词
✅ 我掌握了be / on 表示"持续中"

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 6 · Where has Lily been? Lily 去哪儿了?

新知识点:★ have/has been to + 地点(去过) + ★ have/has gone to + 地点(去了未回)

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 6

Lesson 6 · Lily 去哪儿了?

Where has Lily been?
📚 现在完成时(六):been to / gone to

📖 Text 课文

🔊Lily isn't at home now. Her mom is looking for her.
🔊"Where has Lily been this morning?" she asks her brother.
🔊"She has gone to the lake with her bike," says her brother.
🔊"She has been there for an hour," he adds.
🔊Mom picks up her phone and calls her.
🔊"Lily, where are you? What have you been doing?"
🔊"Hi, Mom! I've been at the lake. I've seen lots of fish today!"
🔊"How long have you been there?" she asks.
🔊"I've been here since 8 o'clock!" Lily smiles.
🔊"Don't worry, I'll be home soon. Lunch will be ready soon."
🔊"Got it, Mom! I'll be back in half an hour."

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
lake/leɪk/n. 湖
bike/baɪk/n. 自行车
fish/fɪʃ/n. 鱼
add/æd/v. 补充;添加
pick upphr. 拿起;接(电话)
phone/fəʊn/n. 电话
call/kɔːl/v. 打电话;称呼
worry/ˈwʌri/v. 担心
ready/ˈredi/adj. 准备好的
back/bæk/adv. 回来;向后
half an hourphr. 半小时
have been tophr. 去过(已回)
have gone tophr. 去了(未回)
have beenphr. 一直在……
lots ofphr. 很多
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
laken.

用法:a + e_e 发 /eɪ/

go to the lake — 去湖边

💡 相关:river 河

biken.自行车

用法:复数 bikes

with her bike — 骑她的自行车

💡 同义:bicycle 自行车

fishn.

用法:单复数同形 fish

I saw many fish. — 我看到很多鱼。

💡 相关:water 水

addv.补充;添加

用法:过去式 added

he adds — 他补充

💡 相关:say 说

pick upphr.拿起;接(电话)

用法:pick up + 物

pick up the phone — 拿起电话

💡 反义:put down 放下

phonen.电话

用法:短语:on the phone 在电话上

her phone — 她的电话

💡 同义:telephone 电话

callv.打电话;称呼

用法:过去分词 called

She has called. — 她打了电话。

💡 相关:phone 打电话

worryv.担心

用法:don't worry = 别担心

Don't worry. — 别担心。

💡 反义:relax 放松

readyadj.准备好的

用法:be ready = 准备好

Lunch is ready. — 午饭准备好了。

💡 反义:unready 未准备好的

backadv.回来;向后

用法:be back = 回来

I'll be back. — 我会回来。

💡 反义:away 离开

half an hourphr.半小时

用法:half + an + hour

in half an hour — 在半小时内

💡 类似:30 minutes 30分钟

have been tophr.去过(已回)

用法:have/has + been to + 地点

I've been to Paris. — 我去过巴黎。

💡 强调经历,已回来

have gone tophr.去了(未回)

用法:have/has + gone to + 地点

She has gone to the lake. — 她去湖边了。

💡 强调"还在那里"

have beenphr.一直在……

用法:have/has + been + 地点

I've been at the lake. — 我一直在湖边。

💡 强调状态延续

lots ofphr.很多

用法:lots of + 可数复数 / 不可数

lots of fish — 很多鱼

💡 同义:many / much 很多

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 have been to
去过……(已回)
🔊 have gone to
已经去……(未回)
🔊 have never been to
从未去过……
🔊 twice / three times
两次 / 三次
🔊 be back / not back yet
回来 / 还没回
🔊 go shopping with
与……购物
🔊 go for a walk
去散步
🔊 come back home
回家
🔊 look for sb.
寻找某人
🔊 wait for sb.
等候某人
🔊 Where is she?
她在哪?
🔊 She has gone out.
她出去了。

🇨🇳 参考译文

Lily 现在不在家。妈妈在找她。

"Lily 今天早上去哪儿了?" 她问弟弟。

"她骑车去湖边了," 弟弟说。

"她在那儿一个小时了," 他补充道。

妈妈拿起电话给她打了过去。

"Lily,你在哪儿?你一直在干嘛?"

"嗨,妈妈!我一直在湖边。我今天看了好多鱼!"

"你在那里多久了?" 她问。

"我从八点就在这儿了!" Lily 笑着说。

"别担心,我马上回家。午饭快好了。"

"知道了,妈妈!我半小时内回去。"

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:have been to / have gone to
have/has + been to + 地点(去过) / have/has + gone to + 地点(已去)
📐 句型拆解
▸ been to(去过) 人已回来
▸ gone to(去了) 人还没回来
▸ have/has been + 形容词 I have been busy.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。
🔊 Lily has gone to the library. Lily 去图书馆了(还没回)。
⚠️ been to = 去过又回来了;gone to = 去了还在那里。这是高频考点!

一、★ have/has been to + 地点(去过)

have/has been to + 地点表示"去过某地(作为经历),但现在已经回来了"。

含义:去过某地(已回)

用法:常用于谈论旅行、访问或去过的地方

I have been to Paris twice. — 我去过巴黎两次。(现在不在巴黎)
She has been to the museum many times. — 她去过那个博物馆很多次。
Have you ever been to New York? — 你去过纽约吗?
They've been to lots of places. — 他们去过很多地方。
💡 关键:have been to 强调"经历",人现在已经回来

二、★ have/has gone to + 地点(去了未回)

have/has gone to + 地点表示"去了某地,现在还在那里,未回"。

含义:去了某地(还在那)

用法:用于说明某人去了某地,还没回

He has gone to the store. — 他去商店了,现在还没回来。
My parents have gone to the beach. — 我父母去了海滩,还没回。
Where has she gone? — 她去哪儿了?(现在还没回)
She has gone to the lake with her bike. — 她骑车去了湖边。
💡 关键:have gone to 强调"去了还没回"。这句话不能用于"我"或"你",因为如果是"我",那"我"不可能在这里说话却同时不在这里。

三、★ have/has been + at/in/on + 地点(一直在)

have/has been + 地点表示"一直在某地",强调主语在某地停留的状态或经历。

结构:主语 + have/has + been + at/in/on + 地点

at / in / on 的区别

at 较小、具体的地点  at home, at school, at the park
in 城市、国家、大范围  in London, in China
on 在……表面、街道  on the island, on Main Street

例句

I have been at home all day. — 我一整天都在家。
She has been in London for two weeks. — 她已经在伦敦待了两周。
They have been on the island since last month. — 他们从上个月起就在岛上。
I've been at the lake since 8 o'clock. — 我从八点就在湖边了。

四、三个表达对比总结

把这三个用法放在一起对比记忆。

对比表

have been to 去过(已回)  I've been to Paris. (我去过巴黎)
have gone to 去了(未回)  She has gone to Paris. (她去了巴黎)
have been + at/in/on 一直在某地  I've been at home. (我一直在家)
🎵 口诀:been to 是"经历"(已回),gone to 是"还在那"(未回),been at/in/on 是"在那里待着"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
She has gone to the lake with her bike.
她骑车去了湖边。
1. 句型:主语 + has gone to + 地点 + 其他。
2. has gone to:去了,还没回。
3. with her bike:骑她的自行车。
📝 即练:
改错:He has been to the store. He'll be back soon. → has gone to (还没回 → gone to。)
翻译:妈妈去超市了,还没回来。 → Mom has gone to the supermarket. (has gone to + 地点。)
🔊
I've been at the lake since 8 o'clock.
我从八点就在湖边了。
1. 句型:主语 + have/has been + at + 地点 + since + 时间点。
2. have been at:一直在某地(强调持续)。
3. since 8 o'clock:从八点起。
📝 即练:
填空:I've ___ at school since 9 a.m. → been (have been at + 地点。)
翻译:他在公园待了两个小时了。 → He has been at the park for two hours. (has been at + for + 时间。)
🔊
I've been to Paris twice.
我去过巴黎两次。
1. 句型:主语 + have/has + been to + 地点 + 次数。
2. have been to:去过(经历),现在已回。
3. twice:两次。
📝 即练:
填空:I've ___ ___ ___ Beijing three times.(去过) → been to (have been to + 地点。)
翻译:你去过纽约吗? → Have you ever been to New York? (Have you ever been to?)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 25 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 "have been to" 是什么意思?
A去了未回B去过(已回)C正在去D将要去
2 🔊 "have gone to" 是什么意思?
A去过(已回)B去了未回C将要去D从来没去
3 🔊 lake 是什么意思?
ABCD池塘
4 🔊 pick up 是什么意思?
A放下B拿起C看见D找到
5 🔊 "in London" 用哪个介词?
AatBinConDto
6 🔊 "at home" 用哪个介词?
AatBinConDto
7 🔊 中译英:自行车
8 🔊 中译英:电话
9 🔊 填空:I have Paris.(去过)
10 🔊 填空:He has the store.(去了未回)

🌟 中级题 Medium(8 题)

1 🔊 "My dad to Tokyo. He came back yesterday."
Ahas beenBhas goneChas been toDhas gone to
2 🔊 "Where is Mom? She to the market."
Ahas beenBhas goneChas been toDhas gone to
3 🔊 "I at the park since 9 a.m."
Ahas beenBhave beenChave goneDhave been to
4 🔊 改错:I have gone to Paris twice.(曾去过)
5 🔊 改错:She has been to the supermarket. She'll come back soon.
6 🔊 翻译:他去过北京三次。
7 🔊 排序:
8 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:Lily 去湖边了。她从八点起就在那儿了。
2 🔊 翻译:你去过博物馆吗?是的,我去过两次。
3 🔊 改错(2处):Mom has been to the market and is not back. I have gone to Paris last year.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Lily 去哪儿了?
A公园B湖边C商店D学校
2 🔊 👑 Lily 几点开始在湖边的?
A7 点B8 点C9 点D10 点
3 🔊 👑 翻译:Lily 骑车去了湖边。她在那里看了好多鱼。她从八点起就在那儿了。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ have/has been to + 地点(去过)
✅ 我掌握了★ have/has gone to + 地点(去了未回)
✅ 我掌握了★ have/has been + at/in/on + 地点(一直在)
✅ 我掌握了三个表达对比总结

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 7 · Reading practice: A trip to grandma's 阅读拓展:去奶奶家

新知识点:综合复习:现在完成时常见时间状语 + never + 现在完成时

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 7

Lesson 7 · 阅读拓展:去奶奶家

Reading practice: A trip to grandma's
📚 现在完成时(七):综合运用

📖 Text 课文

🔊Hi! I'm Tom. I've just come back from grandma's house.
🔊I've been there many times, but this trip was special.
🔊My uncle has visited us, too. He brought a big cake!
🔊Grandma's garden has changed a lot since last year.
🔊She has planted many new flowers, and the trees have grown taller.
🔊I've helped her water the plants every day.
🔊In the kitchen, I've learned to make dumplings.
🔊I've made twenty of them by myself!
🔊It has been a wonderful week. I've never had such fun before.
🔊"Have you enjoyed your trip?" Mom asks.
🔊"Yes! It's the best week I've ever had!" I say with a smile.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
trip/trɪp/n. 旅行;外出
grandma/ˈɡrænmɑː/n. 奶奶;外婆
special/ˈspeʃl/adj. 特别的
visit/ˈvɪzɪt/v. 拜访;参观
cake/keɪk/n. 蛋糕
garden/ˈɡɑːdn/n. 花园
plant/plɑːnt/v./n. 种植;植物
flower/ˈflaʊə/n. 花
grow/ɡrəʊ/v. 生长;变高
tall/tɔːl/adj. 高的
water/ˈwɔːtə/v./n. 浇水;水
kitchen/ˈkɪtʃɪn/n. 厨房
dumpling/ˈdʌmplɪŋ/n. 饺子
enjoy/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/v. 享受
never/ˈnevə/adv. 从不
such/sʌtʃ/adj. 这样的;如此的
by myselfphr. 我自己;独自
come backphr. 回来
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
tripn.旅行;外出

用法:复数 trips

a trip to grandma's — 一次去奶奶家的旅行

💡 同义:journey 旅程

grandman.奶奶;外婆

用法:亲切称呼

grandma's house — 奶奶家

💡 正式:grandmother

specialadj.特别的

用法:反义 ordinary 普通的

a special trip — 特别的旅行

💡 同义:unique 独特的

visitv.拜访;参观

用法:过去分词 visited

visit grandma — 看望奶奶

💡 相关:see 看望

caken.蛋糕

用法:复数 cakes

a big cake — 一个大蛋糕

💡 相关:bread 面包

gardenn.花园

用法:复数 gardens

in the garden — 在花园里

💡 相关:park 公园

plantv./n.种植;植物

用法:过去分词 planted

plant flowers — 种花

💡 相关:grow 生长

flowern.

用法:复数 flowers

plant flowers — 种花

💡 相关:tree 树

growv.生长;变高

用法:过去分词 grown

have grown taller — 长高了

💡 相关:tall 高的

talladj.高的

用法:比较级 taller

a tall tree — 一棵高树

💡 反义:short 矮的

waterv./n.浇水;水

用法:water plants = 浇花

water the plants — 给植物浇水

💡 相关:plant 植物

kitchenn.厨房

用法:复数 kitchens

in the kitchen — 在厨房里

💡 相关:cook 做饭

dumplingn.饺子

用法:复数 dumplings

make dumplings — 包饺子

💡 相关:food 食物

enjoyv.享受

用法:enjoy + doing / 名词

enjoy the trip — 享受旅行

💡 同义:like 喜欢

neveradv.从不

用法:现在完成时 + never

I've never had fun. — 我从未玩得这么开心。

💡 反义:always 总是

suchadj.这样的;如此的

用法:such + 形容词 + 名词

such fun — 这样的乐趣

💡 相关:so 如此

by myselfphr.我自己;独自

用法:by + 反身代词

by myself — 我自己

💡 同义:alone 独自

come backphr.回来

用法:过去分词 come back

I've come back. — 我回来了。

💡 同义:return 返回

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 have just arrived
刚到达
🔊 have already made dinner
已经做好晚饭
🔊 haven't seen sb. for ages
好久没见某人
🔊 miss sb. so much
非常想念某人
🔊 It's been a long time
过了好久
🔊 How have you been?
你过得怎么样?
🔊 Have you ever tried...?
你曾经试过……吗?
🔊 come over for a visit
过来拜访
🔊 a warm welcome
热烈的欢迎
🔊 a delicious meal
一顿美味的饭
🔊 gather around the table
围坐在桌边
🔊 talk about old times
谈论过去

🇨🇳 参考译文

嗨!我是 Tom。我刚从奶奶家回来。

我去过那里很多次,但这次旅行很特别。

我叔叔也来看我们了。他带了一个大蛋糕!

奶奶的花园比去年变化很大。

她种了很多新花,树也长高了。

我每天帮她浇花。

在厨房里,我学会了做饺子。

我自己做了二十个!

这真是美好的一周。我以前从来没这么开心过。

"你这次旅行开心吗?" 妈妈问。

"是的!这是我度过最棒的一周!" 我笑着说。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:现在完成时综合(标志词)
现在完成时常见时间状语 = 标志词
📐 句型拆解
▸ just(刚刚) I have just arrived.
▸ already(已经) She has already left.
▸ yet(还) Have you finished yet?
▸ ever/never Have you ever been?
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Grandma has just made dinner. 奶奶刚刚做好晚饭。
🔊 I have never seen this movie. 我从没看过这部电影。
⏰ 看到 just/already/yet/ever/never/recently 这些词,就用现在完成时。

一、综合复习:现在完成时常见时间状语

现在完成时常和这些时间状语连用,是判断时态的关键。

1. 表"已经/刚刚"

already 已经(肯定句)  I've already done it.
just 刚刚  He's just left.
yet 还(否定/疑问)  Have you done it yet?

2. 表"经历"

ever 曾经(疑问/最高级)  Have you ever been there?
never 从未  I've never seen it.
before 以前  I've seen this before.

3. 表"持续"

for + 时间段 持续多久  for five years
since + 时间点 从什么时候开始  since 2020
so far 到目前为止  I've done a lot so far.
recently / lately 最近  I've been busy lately.
🎵 看到这些词 → 用现在完成时

二、never + 现在完成时

I've never... 表示"我从未……",强调没有这种经历。

结构:主语 + have/has + never + 过去分词

I have never seen such a big dog. — 我从没见过这么大的狗。
She has never been to Japan. — 她从没去过日本。
We have never tried this food. — 我们从没尝过这种食物。
I've never had such fun before. — 我以前从没这么开心过。
💡 注意:never 本身就是否定,不能再加 not。

三、综合句型应用

把这一章学过的句型综合起来运用。

1. 表"已经做完"

I've cleaned my room. — 我已经打扫过房间了。

2. 表"还没做"

I haven't finished yet. — 我还没完成。

3. 表"曾经/从未"

Have you ever been to the zoo? — 你去过动物园吗?
I've never been there. — 我从未去过。

4. 表"持续多久"

I've lived here for ten years. — 我在这里住了十年。
I've been busy since Monday. — 我从星期一起就一直忙。

5. 表"去过/去了"

I've been to Paris twice. — 我去过巴黎两次。
She has gone to the store. — 她去商店了(没回)。
💡 现在完成时是英语里非常重要的时态,多读多练就能掌握!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I've just come back from grandma's house.
我刚从奶奶家回来。
1. 句型:主语 + have/has + just + 过去分词。
2. just:刚刚。
3. come back:come 的过去分词还是 come。
4. from:从……
📝 即练:
改错:I have just came back. → come (come 的过去分词是 come。)
翻译:他刚刚到家。 → He has just come home. (has just come home。)
🔊
I've never had such fun before.
我以前从来没这么开心过。
1. 句型:主语 + have/has + never + 过去分词 + 其他。
2. never:从来没有。
3. such fun:这样的乐趣。
4. before:以前。
📝 即练:
改错:I have not never seen it. → have never (never 已经是否定,不要再加 not。)
翻译:我从未去过北京。 → I have never been to Beijing. (have never been to。)
🔊
It's the best week I've ever had!
这是我度过最棒的一周!
1. 句型:It's + the + 最高级 + 名词 + I've ever had.
2. best:good 的最高级。
3. I've ever had:我曾经经历的。
📝 即练:
填空:It's the ___ day I've ever had!(最棒的) → best (good 的最高级 = best。)
翻译:这是我看过最棒的电影! → It's the best movie I've ever seen! (best movie + I've ever seen。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 25 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 never 是什么意思?
A总是B有时C从不D已经
2 🔊 come 的过去分词是?
AcameBcomeCcomingDcomed
3 🔊 grow 的过去分词是?
AgrewBgrownCgrowingDgrows
4 🔊 enjoy 是什么意思?
A加入B享受C工作D
5 🔊 plant 是什么意思?
A植物 / 种B玩 / 游戏C飞机 / 飞D茶 / 喝
6 🔊 "never" 用在哪种句型里?
A一般疑问句B现在完成时肯定句(强调否定)C将来时D一般过去时
7 🔊 中译英:花园
8 🔊 中译英:饺子
9 🔊 填空:I have been to Japan.(从未)
10 🔊 填空:I have come home.(刚刚)

🌟 中级题 Medium(8 题)

1 🔊 "He has finished his work."(已经)填?
AyetBeverCalreadyDnever
2 🔊 "Have you been to Paris?"(曾经)填?
AeverBneverCjustDyet
3 🔊 "I haven't seen him ."(还)填?
AeverBneverCjustDyet
4 🔊 改错:She has not never tried this food.
5 🔊 改错:I came just home.
6 🔊 翻译:我从未见过这么大的蛋糕。
7 🔊 排序:
8 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:我刚从奶奶家回来。这是我度过最棒的一周。
2 🔊 翻译:奶奶种了很多花,树也长高了。
3 🔊 改错(2处):I have ever been to Paris, but I never has been to London.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Tom 学会了做什么?
AB蛋糕C饺子D面包
2 🔊 👑 Tom 自己做了多少个?
A10 个B15 个C20 个D30 个
3 🔊 👑 翻译:我学会了做饺子,自己做了二十个。这是我度过最棒的一周!
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了综合复习:现在完成时常见时间状语
✅ 我掌握了never + 现在完成时
✅ 我掌握了综合句型应用

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 8 · A surprise for Mom 给妈妈的惊喜

新知识点:★ 动词不定式:to + 动词原形 + 不定式作宾语:want / decide / hope + to do

⬆️ 返回目录
Chapter 16

动词不定式(一):作宾语和目的状语

📚 包含 Lesson 8 - 9
📍 Chapter 16 · LESSON 8

Lesson 8 · 给妈妈的惊喜

A surprise for Mom
📚 动词不定式(一):作宾语和目的状语

📖 Text 课文

🔊Tomorrow is Mom's birthday. Lucy and Tom want to give her a surprise.
🔊They decide to bake a cake for her.
🔊"To make Mom happy, we should plan it well," Lucy says.
🔊"It's nice for us to do this together," Tom replies.
🔊They want to buy some flowers, too.
🔊It's easy to find flowers in the shop near home.
🔊But it's not easy to keep the secret!
🔊They hope to surprise her in the morning.
🔊To make the cake, they need eggs, flour, and sugar.
🔊It's fun to bake together.
🔊"It will be great to see Mom's face!" Lucy laughs.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
surprise/səˈpraɪz/n./v. 惊喜;使惊讶
birthday/ˈbɜːθdeɪ/n. 生日
bake/beɪk/v. 烤;烘焙
plan/plæn/v./n. 计划
reply/rɪˈplaɪ/v. 回答;答复
easy/ˈiːzi/adj. 容易的
shop/ʃɒp/n. 商店
near/nɪə/prep. 在……附近
secret/ˈsiːkrət/n. 秘密
hope/həʊp/v. 希望
flour/ˈflaʊə/n. 面粉
sugar/ˈʃʊɡə/n. 糖
egg/eɡ/n. 鸡蛋
face/feɪs/n. 脸;表情
laugh/lɑːf/v. 笑
want to dophr. 想做某事
decide to dophr. 决定做某事
hope to dophr. 希望做某事
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
surprisen./v.惊喜;使惊讶

用法:复数 surprises

a big surprise — 一个大惊喜

💡 相关:amazing 令人惊奇的

birthdayn.生日

用法:birth + day

Mom's birthday — 妈妈的生日

💡 相关:cake 蛋糕

bakev.烤;烘焙

用法:过去式 baked

bake a cake — 烤蛋糕

💡 相关:cook 烹饪

planv./n.计划

用法:过去式 planned(双写)

plan it well — 计划好

💡 相关:idea 主意

replyv.回答;答复

用法:过去式 replied

Tom replies. — Tom 回答。

💡 同义:answer 回答

easyadj.容易的

用法:反义 difficult

It's easy. — 这很容易。

💡 同义:simple 简单的

shopn.商店

用法:复数 shops

in the shop — 在商店里

💡 同义:store 商店

nearprep.在……附近

用法:near + 地点

near home — 在家附近

💡 反义:far 远

secretn.秘密

用法:keep a secret = 保守秘密

keep the secret — 保守秘密

💡 相关:hide 隐藏

hopev.希望

用法:hope to do = 希望做

hope to surprise her — 希望给她惊喜

💡 相关:wish 希望

flourn.面粉

用法:不可数

need some flour — 需要一些面粉

💡 相关:bread 面包

sugarn.

用法:不可数

need sugar — 需要糖

💡 相关:sweet 甜的

eggn.鸡蛋

用法:复数 eggs

two eggs — 两个鸡蛋

💡 相关:chicken 鸡

facen.脸;表情

用法:复数 faces

Mom's face — 妈妈的脸

💡 相关:smile 微笑

laughv.

用法:gh 不发音

Lucy laughs. — Lucy 笑了。

💡 相关:smile 微笑

want to dophr.想做某事

用法:want + to + 动词原形

want to give — 想给

💡 相关:would like to do

decide to dophr.决定做某事

用法:decide + to + 动词原形

decide to bake — 决定烤

💡 相关:plan to do

hope to dophr.希望做某事

用法:hope + to + 动词原形

hope to surprise — 希望惊喜

💡 相关:wish to do

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 give sb. a surprise
给某人一个惊喜
🔊 want to do sth.
想做某事
🔊 plan to do sth.
计划做某事
🔊 decide to do sth.
决定做某事
🔊 hope to do sth.
希望做某事
🔊 would like to do
想要做
🔊 come to help
来帮忙
🔊 go to buy flowers
去买花
🔊 a bunch of flowers
一束花
🔊 make sb. happy
让某人开心
🔊 prepare a gift for
为……准备礼物
🔊 Mother's Day
母亲节

🇨🇳 参考译文

明天是妈妈的生日。Lucy 和 Tom 想给她一个惊喜。

他们决定为她烤一个蛋糕。

"为了让妈妈开心,我们要计划好," Lucy 说。

"我们一起做这件事真好," Tom 回答。

他们也想买一些花。

在家附近的店里找花很容易。

但保守秘密可不容易!

他们希望在早上给她惊喜。

为了做蛋糕,他们需要鸡蛋、面粉和糖。

一起烤蛋糕真有趣。

"看到妈妈的表情一定很棒!" Lucy 笑着说。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:动词不定式(一)to + 动词原形
主语 + 动词 + to + 动词原形 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ to do = 不定式 "做某事"
▸ 作宾语 I want to play.
▸ 作目的状语 I came to help you.
▸ 常用搭配 want/like/hope/plan/decide + to do
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I want to give Mom a surprise. 我想给妈妈一个惊喜。
🔊 We came to buy flowers. 我们来买花。
💡 to + 动词原形 = "做某事"。这是英语最常用的句型之一!

一、★ 动词不定式:to + 动词原形

动词不定式to + 动词原形,比如 to go, to eat, to play。它不能单独作谓语,但可以做宾语、目的状语等。

不定式形式:to + 动词原形(不变化)

to go  不变化形式
to eat
to play
to make
⚠️ 不定式 不分 第三人称单数、过去式、复数。永远是 to + 原形!

二、不定式作宾语:want / decide / hope + to do

有些动词后面接不定式做宾语,表示"想/决定/希望/计划做某事"。

常见后接不定式的动词

want to do 想做  I want to go.
decide to do 决定做  They decided to leave.
hope to do 希望做  I hope to see you.
plan to do 计划做  We plan to travel.
need to do 需要做  I need to study.
would like to do 想要做  I'd like to help.
try to do 尝试做  I'll try to win.
forget to do 忘记做  Don't forget to call.
remember to do 记得做  Remember to lock.

例句

They want to give her a surprise. — 他们想给她一个惊喜。
They decide to bake a cake. — 他们决定烤蛋糕。
They hope to surprise her. — 他们希望给她惊喜。
🎵 口诀:want, decide, hope, plan + to do(想决希计 + to do)。

三、不定式作目的状语:为了……

To + 动词原形 放在句首或句中,表示"为了做某事",是一个目的状语。

结构:To + 动词原形 + ……, 主语 + 谓语 + ……

To make Mom happy, we will plan it well. — 为了让妈妈开心,我们会计划好。
To pass the test, he studies hard. — 为了通过考试,他努力学习。
To make the cake, they need eggs. — 为了做蛋糕,他们需要鸡蛋。

也可以放在句末

They go to the shop to buy flowers. — 他们去商店买花。(为了买花)
I'm here to help you. — 我来这里是为了帮你。
💡 等于 in order to:To do = In order to do = 为了做某事。

四、★ It is + adj + (for sb) + to do(it 作形式主语)

英语里习惯不让句子开头出现太长的不定式。所以用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的 to do。

结构:It is + 形容词 + (for sb) + to do sth.

It is easy to find flowers. — 找花很容易。(找花 = 真正主语)
It is fun to bake together. — 一起烤蛋糕很有趣。
It is nice for us to do this together. — 我们一起做这件事很好。
It is hard for me to wake up early. — 对我来说早起很难。

常用形容词

easy 容易的  It's easy to do.
hard / difficult 困难的  It's hard to do.
fun 有趣的  It's fun to play.
nice / good 好的  It's nice to see you.
important 重要的  It's important to study.
🎵 口诀:It + 系动词 + adj + (for sb) + to do。
真正主语在后面,前面的 it 只是形式上的"占位"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
They decide to bake a cake for her.
他们决定为她烤一个蛋糕。
1. 句型:主语 + decide + to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + for sb.
2. decide to bake:decide + 不定式作宾语。
3. for her:为她。
📝 即练:
改错:They decide baking a cake. → to bake (decide + to + 动词原形。)
翻译:我决定写一封信。 → I decide to write a letter. (decide + to + 动词原形。)
🔊
To make Mom happy, we should plan it well.
为了让妈妈开心,我们要计划好。
1. 句型:To + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 补语, 主语 + 谓语 + ……
2. To make Mom happy:不定式作目的状语,表示"为了……"。
3. should:应该;情态动词。
📝 即练:
改错:For make the cake, we need eggs. → To make (不定式表目的 → To + 动词原形。)
翻译:为了健康,我每天运动。 → To stay healthy, I exercise every day. (To stay healthy + 主句。)
🔊
It's easy to find flowers in the shop.
在商店里找花很容易。
1. 句型:It is + adj + to do + 地点。
2. it:形式主语,没有实际意义。
3. to find flowers:真正的主语。
📝 即练:
改错:To find flowers is easy.(用 it 形式主语改写) → It is easy to find flowers (改成 It is + adj + to do。)
翻译:学英语很有趣。 → It is fun to learn English. (It is fun to learn English.)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 动词不定式的结构是?
Ato + 过去式Bto + 动词原形Cto + ingDto + 名词
2 🔊 want 后面跟什么?
A动名词B动词原形Cto + 动词原形D过去式
3 🔊 decide 后面跟什么?
A动名词B动词原形Cto + 动词原形D过去式
4 🔊 hope 后面跟什么?
AdoingBdoCto doDdid
5 🔊 "It is easy to do." 中 it 是?
A代词指物B形式主语C形式宾语D人称代词
6 🔊 surprise 是什么意思?
A礼物B惊喜C蛋糕D生日
7 🔊 bake 是什么意思?
ABCD
8 🔊 中译英:生日
9 🔊 中译英:秘密
10 🔊 填空:I want home.(去)

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "They decided a party." 填?
AhaveBhavingCto haveDhad
2 🔊 "He hopes to school early." 填?
AcomeBcomingCto comeDcame
3 🔊 " pass the test, he studies hard." 填?
AForBToCInDOn
4 🔊 "It is hard me to wake up early." 填?
AtoBforCinDat
5 🔊 改错:I want going to the park.
6 🔊 改错:For get good grades, she studies hard.
7 🔊 翻译:学英语很有趣。
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:他们决定为妈妈烤蛋糕。一起烤蛋糕很有趣。
2 🔊 翻译:为了让妈妈开心,他们想给她一个惊喜。
3 🔊 改错(2处):They want bake a cake. For make Mom happy, they plan it well.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Lucy 和 Tom 想给妈妈什么?
A礼物B惊喜CD蛋糕
2 🔊 👑 他们做蛋糕需要什么?
A鸡蛋、面粉、糖B鸡蛋、油、奶C面粉、奶、果汁D糖、油、果汁
3 🔊 👑 翻译:他们想为妈妈烤蛋糕。一起烤蛋糕很有趣。看到她的表情一定很棒!
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ 动词不定式:to + 动词原形
✅ 我掌握了不定式作宾语:want / decide / hope + to do
✅ 我掌握了不定式作目的状语:为了……
✅ 我掌握了★ It is + adj + (for sb) + to do(it 作形式主语)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 9 · A busy afternoon at home 忙碌的下午

新知识点:★ 动词不定式作宾补:ask / tell sb to do + ★ 不定式的否定:not to do

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 16 · LESSON 9

Lesson 9 · 忙碌的下午

A busy afternoon at home
📚 动词不定式(二):作宾补 + how to do

📖 Text 课文

🔊It's Saturday afternoon. Mom asks me to help her clean the house.
🔊She tells me to start with the living room.
🔊Then she shows me how to use the vacuum cleaner.
🔊My brother doesn't know how to wash the windows.
🔊Mom teaches him how to do it step by step.
🔊"Don't forget to empty the bin!" she says.
🔊Dad asks us not to play loud music while he works.
🔊I want to know when to take a break.
🔊Mom says, "We can stop at five o'clock."
🔊She invites us to have hot chocolate after the work.
🔊Working together makes the afternoon fly by.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
living room/ˈlɪvɪŋ ruːm/n. 客厅
vacuum cleaner/ˈvækjuːm ˈkliːnə/n. 吸尘器
wash/wɒʃ/v. 洗;擦
window/ˈwɪndəʊ/n. 窗户
teach/tiːtʃ/v. 教
step by stepphr. 一步一步地
forget/fəˈɡet/v. 忘记
empty/ˈempti/v. 清空;倒空
bin/bɪn/n. 垃圾桶
loud/laʊd/adj. 响的;大声的
music/ˈmjuːzɪk/n. 音乐
while/waɪl/conj. 当……的时候
invite/ɪnˈvaɪt/v. 邀请
hot chocolaten. 热可可
fly byphr. 飞逝;过得飞快
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
living roomn.客厅

用法:living + room

in the living room — 在客厅

💡 相关:bedroom 卧室

vacuum cleanern.吸尘器

用法:vacuum + cleaner

use the vacuum cleaner — 用吸尘器

💡 相关:clean 打扫

washv.洗;擦

用法:过去式 washed

wash the windows — 擦窗户

💡 相关:clean 清洁

windown.窗户

用法:复数 windows

wash the windows — 擦窗户

💡 相关:door 门

teachv.

用法:过去式 taught

teach him to do — 教他做

💡 相关:show 展示

step by stepphr.一步一步地

用法:step + by + step

do it step by step — 一步一步做

💡 相关:little by little 渐渐地

forgetv.忘记

用法:forget + to do

Don't forget! — 别忘了!

💡 反义:remember 记得

emptyv.清空;倒空

用法:过去式 emptied

empty the bin — 倒垃圾

💡 反义:fill 装满

binn.垃圾桶

用法:复数 bins

empty the bin — 倒垃圾桶

💡 同义:trash can 垃圾桶

loudadj.响的;大声的

用法:反义 quiet

loud music — 大声音乐

💡 反义:quiet 安静的

musicn.音乐

用法:不可数

play music — 放音乐

💡 相关:song 歌

whileconj.当……的时候

用法:+ 一段动作

while he works — 当他工作时

💡 同义:when 当

invitev.邀请

用法:invite + 宾语 + to do

invite us to have — 邀请我们去喝

💡 相关:ask 请求

hot chocolaten.热可可

用法:hot + chocolate

have hot chocolate — 喝热可可

💡 相关:drink 饮料

fly byphr.飞逝;过得飞快

用法:时间状语

time flies by — 时间过得很快

💡 相关:pass 流逝

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 ask sb. to do sth.
请某人做某事
🔊 tell sb. to do sth.
叫某人做某事
🔊 want sb. to do sth.
想让某人做某事
🔊 know how to do
知道怎么做
🔊 learn how to do
学习怎么做
🔊 teach sb. how to do
教某人怎么做
🔊 be glad to do
乐意做……
🔊 be ready to do
准备好做……
🔊 forget to do (没做)
忘了做
🔊 remember to do (记得做)
记得去做
🔊 have nothing to do
没事可做
🔊 what to do next
下一步做什么

🇨🇳 参考译文

今天是周六下午。妈妈让我帮她打扫房子。

她叫我先打扫客厅。

然后她教我怎么用吸尘器。

我哥哥不知道怎么擦窗户。

妈妈一步一步教他怎么做。

"别忘了倒垃圾!" 她说。

爸爸让我们工作时不要放大声音乐。

我想知道什么时候可以休息。

妈妈说:"我们五点可以停。"

她请我们在干完活后喝热可可。

一起干活让下午过得飞快。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:动词不定式作宾补 + how to do
动词 + 人 + to do / 疑问词 + to do
📐 句型拆解
▸ ask sb. to do 请某人做
▸ tell sb. to do 叫某人做
▸ how to do 怎么做
▸ what to do 做什么
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Mom asked me to help her. 妈妈请我帮她。
🔊 I know how to make dumplings. 我知道怎么包饺子。
⚠️ ask/tell/want + 人 + to do。这种"动词 + 人 + to do"结构非常常见。

一、★ 动词不定式作宾补:ask / tell sb to do

"动词 + 宾语 + 不定式"结构表示"让某人做某事",不定式作宾语补足语。

结构:动词 + 宾语 + to + 动词原形

常见动词

ask sb to do 请求某人做  Mom asks me to help.
tell sb to do 告诉/吩咐某人做  She tells me to start.
teach sb to do 教某人做  Mom teaches him to wash.
want sb to do 想要某人做  I want her to come.
invite sb to do 邀请某人做  She invites us to eat.
help sb (to) do 帮某人做(to可省)  I help Mom (to) clean.
allow sb to do 允许某人做  Mom allows me to play.

例句对比

I ask Tom. — 我问 Tom。(动词+宾语)
I ask Tom to help me. — 我请 Tom 帮我。(动词+宾语+不定式)
Mom tells me to start with the living room. — 妈妈让我先打扫客厅。
Mom teaches him how to do it. — 妈妈教他怎么做。
🎵 口诀:ask / tell / teach / want sb + to do(让某人做某事)。

二、★ 不定式的否定:not to do

动词不定式的否定形式是在 to 前面加 not

结构:not to + 动词原形

I tell him not to play. — 我告诉他不要玩。
Mom asks me not to be late. — 妈妈叫我不要迟到。
Dad asks us not to play loud music. — 爸爸让我们不要放大声音乐。
The teacher tells us not to talk. — 老师让我们不要讲话。
She decided not to go. — 她决定不去。

★ 注意位置

✓ not to do 正确:not 在 to 之前  tell him not to go
✗ to not do 错误:不要把 not 放 to 后面
⚠️ 不定式的否定:not 必须在 to 之前!

三、★ 疑问词 + 不定式:how to do

疑问词 + 不定式是常见结构,相当于一个名词,可以做宾语。

常见结构

how to do 怎样做  I know how to swim.
what to do 做什么  I don't know what to do.
when to do 什么时候做  I want to know when to leave.
where to go 去哪儿  Tell me where to go.
who(m) to ask 问谁  I don't know who to ask.

例句

She shows me how to use the vacuum cleaner. — 她教我怎么用吸尘器。
My brother doesn't know how to wash the windows. — 我哥哥不知道怎么擦窗户。
I want to know when to take a break. — 我想知道什么时候可以休息。
Tell me what to do. — 告诉我该做什么。
🎵 口诀:疑问词 + to do = 一个名词短语,可以做宾语。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Mom asks me to help her clean the house.
妈妈让我帮她打扫房子。
1. 句型:主语 + ask + 宾语 + to + 动词原形 + 宾补.
2. asks me to help:ask sb to do = 请求某人做。
3. help her clean:help sb (to) do(to 可省略)。
📝 即练:
改错:Mom asks me cleaning the room. → to clean (ask sb + to + 动词原形。)
翻译:老师让我们认真听。 → The teacher asks us to listen carefully. (asks us + to + listen + carefully。)
🔊
She shows me how to use the vacuum cleaner.
她教我怎么用吸尘器。
1. 句型:主语 + show + 宾语 + how to + 动词原形.
2. how to use:疑问词 + 不定式 = 怎样使用。
3. 整个 how to use 短语作 show 的直接宾语。
📝 即练:
改错:She shows me how use the computer. → how to use (how + to + 动词原形。)
填空:I want to know ___ ___ go next.(去哪儿) → where to (where to go = 去哪儿。)
🔊
Dad asks us not to play loud music.
爸爸让我们不要放大声音乐。
1. 句型:主语 + ask + 宾语 + not to + 动词原形.
2. not to play:不定式的否定,not 放在 to 前面。
3. 表示"让某人不要做某事"。
📝 即练:
改错:Dad asks us to not play loud music. → not to (not 放在 to 前面。)
翻译:妈妈让我不要迟到。 → Mom asks me not to be late. (asks me + not to + be late。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 ask sb 后面跟什么?
A动名词 doingB动词原形Cto + 动词原形D过去式
2 🔊 不定式的否定怎么写?
Ato not doBnot to doCdon't to doDno to do
3 🔊 how to do 是什么意思?
A做什么B怎么做C什么时候做D为什么做
4 🔊 where to go 是什么意思?
A去什么B怎么去C去哪儿D为什么去
5 🔊 teach sb 后面跟什么?
AdoingBdoCto doDdone
6 🔊 invite 是什么意思?
A看见B邀请C听到D帮助
7 🔊 forget 是什么意思?
A记得B忘记C想起D了解
8 🔊 中译英:客厅
9 🔊 中译英:窗户
10 🔊 填空:Mom asks me the room.(打扫)

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "She tells me late." 填?
Anot beBnot to beCto not beDno to be
2 🔊 "I don't know to do." 填?
AhowBwhatCwhenD都可以
3 🔊 "She wants me home early." 填?
AcomeBcomingCto comeDcame
4 🔊 "He teaches us play piano." 填?
Ahow / toBwhat / toCwhere / toDwhen / to
5 🔊 改错:The teacher tells us not play in class.
6 🔊 改错:Mom shows me how do it.
7 🔊 翻译:老师让我们不要讲话。
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:妈妈让我帮她打扫房子。她教我怎么用吸尘器。
2 🔊 翻译:爸爸让我们不要放大声音乐。
3 🔊 改错(2处):Mom asks me cleaning the room and tells me to not be late.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里"我"先打扫哪个房间?
A卧室B厨房C客厅D浴室
2 🔊 👑 妈妈邀请大家干完活做什么?
A吃饭B看电影C喝热可可D睡觉
3 🔊 👑 翻译:妈妈让我打扫客厅,并教我怎么用吸尘器。她让我们不要放大声音乐。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ 动词不定式作宾补:ask / tell sb to do
✅ 我掌握了★ 不定式的否定:not to do
✅ 我掌握了★ 疑问词 + 不定式:how to do

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 10 · An unexpected guest 不速之客

新知识点:★ 过去进行时基本结构 + 过去进行时 vs 一般过去时

⬆️ 返回目录
Chapter 17

过去进行时(一):基础结构

📚 包含 Lesson 10 - 13
📍 Chapter 17 · LESSON 10

Lesson 10 · 不速之客

An unexpected guest
📚 过去进行时(一):基础结构

📖 Text 课文

🔊It was Sunday afternoon. The whole family was at home.
🔊Mom was cooking lunch in the kitchen.
🔊Dad was reading a newspaper on the sofa.
🔊I was doing my homework at my desk.
🔊My little sister was playing with her dolls.
🔊Suddenly, there was a knock at the door.
🔊It was my Aunt Lin! She was holding a big box.
🔊"Come in!" Mom said. "We weren't expecting you today."
🔊"I was passing by, so I came to say hello," Aunt Lin smiled.
🔊It was a happy afternoon for all of us.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
whole/həʊl/adj. 整个的;全部的
cook/kʊk/v. 做饭;烹饪
newspaper/ˈnjuːzpeɪpə/n. 报纸
sofa/ˈsəʊfə/n. 沙发
doll/dɒl/n. 洋娃娃
suddenly/ˈsʌdənli/adv. 突然
knock/nɒk/n./v. 敲;敲击声
door/dɔː/n. 门
aunt/ɑːnt/n. 姨妈;阿姨;姑姑
hold/həʊld/v. 拿着;握着
box/bɒks/n. 盒子
expect/ɪkˈspekt/v. 期待;预料
pass byphr. 经过;路过
say hellophr. 打招呼
happy/ˈhæpi/adj. 快乐的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
wholeadj.整个的;全部的

用法:the whole + 名词

the whole family — 全家

💡 同义:entire 整个的

cookv.做饭;烹饪

用法:现在分词 cooking

Mom was cooking. — 妈妈在做饭。

💡 相关:bake 烤

newspapern.报纸

用法:news + paper

read a newspaper — 看报纸

💡 简称:paper 报纸

sofan.沙发

用法:复数 sofas

on the sofa — 在沙发上

💡 同义:couch 沙发

dolln.洋娃娃

用法:复数 dolls

play with dolls — 玩洋娃娃

💡 相关:toy 玩具

suddenlyadv.突然

用法:sudden + ly

Suddenly, ... — 突然……

💡 同义:all of a sudden 突然

knockn./v.敲;敲击声

用法:过去式 knocked

a knock at the door — 敲门声

💡 相关:tap 轻拍

doorn.

用法:复数 doors

at the door — 在门口

💡 反义:window 窗

auntn.姨妈;阿姨;姑姑

用法:复数 aunts

Aunt Lin — 林姨妈

💡 反义:uncle 叔叔

holdv.拿着;握着

用法:现在分词 holding;过去式 held

holding a box — 拿着盒子

💡 相关:carry 携带

boxn.盒子

用法:复数 boxes

a big box — 一个大盒子

💡 相关:bag 袋子

expectv.期待;预料

用法:现在分词 expecting

weren't expecting you — 没想到你来

💡 相关:hope 希望

pass byphr.经过;路过

用法:pass + by

I was passing by. — 我正好路过。

💡 相关:walk by 走过

say hellophr.打招呼

用法:say + hello

come to say hello — 来打招呼

💡 相关:greet 问候

happyadj.快乐的

用法:比较级 happier

a happy afternoon — 快乐的下午

💡 反义:sad 悲伤的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 be watching TV
正在看电视
🔊 be reading a book
正在读书
🔊 last night
昨晚
🔊 at 8 o'clock yesterday
昨天 8 点
🔊 hear a knock at the door
听到敲门声
🔊 go to open the door
去开门
🔊 to one's surprise
令某人吃惊的是
🔊 an unexpected visitor
不速之客
🔊 look surprised
看起来吃惊
🔊 How can it be?
怎么会这样?
🔊 let sb. in
让某人进来
🔊 catch up with
赶上 / 叙旧

🇨🇳 参考译文

那是周日下午。全家都在家。

妈妈在厨房做午饭。

爸爸在沙发上看报纸。

我在书桌前做作业。

我妹妹在玩她的洋娃娃。

突然,有敲门声。

是我林姨妈!她拿着一个大盒子。

"快进来!" 妈妈说。"今天没想到你会来。"

"我正好路过,就来打个招呼," 林姨妈笑着说。

对我们大家来说,那是个快乐的下午。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去进行时(一)基本结构
主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ I / he / she / it was + V-ing
▸ you / we / they were + V-ing
▸ 表"过去某时正在做" 强调进行状态
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I was watching TV last night. 昨晚我正在看电视。
🔊 They were playing in the garden. 他们当时在花园里玩。
⏰ 过去进行时 = 过去某个时刻"正在做"。常和 last night / at 8 yesterday 一起用。

一、★ 过去进行时基本结构

过去进行时表示"过去某个时刻正在做某事"。结构:was / were + 现在分词(doing)

结构:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他

I / he / she / it was + doing  单数主语 → was
you / we / they were + doing  复数主语 → were

例句

I was doing my homework. — 我(那时)正在做作业。
Mom was cooking lunch. — 妈妈(那时)正在做午饭。
Dad was reading a newspaper. — 爸爸(那时)正在看报纸。
They were playing in the park. — 他们(那时)正在公园玩。
My sister was playing with her dolls. — 我妹妹(那时)正在玩洋娃娃。

★ 现在分词的变化规则(动词 + ing)

一般加 ing play → playing, read → reading  直接加 ing
以 e 结尾去 e 加 ing come → coming, write → writing  去 e 加 ing
重读闭音节双写 run → running, sit → sitting  辅+元+辅 → 双写
🎵 口诀:过去时刻"那时正在……" → was/were + doing。

二、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时

这两个时态都讲过去,区别是:一般过去时讲"过去发生了什么";过去进行时讲"过去某个时刻正在做什么"。

关键区别

一般过去时 过去发生过/做过 (短暂)  I played football yesterday.
过去进行时 过去某时刻正在做 (持续)  I was playing football at 5 yesterday.

例句对比

I read a book last night. — 昨晚我读了一本书。(讲发生了什么)
I was reading a book at 8 last night. — 昨晚 8 点我正在读书。(讲某一时刻在做)
Mom cooked lunch. — 妈妈做了午饭。
Mom was cooking lunch when I came home. — 我回家时妈妈正在做午饭。

常见时间状语

过去进行时常用 at + 时间, then, this time yesterday  at 8 last night, then(那时)
💡 看到"过去某个具体时刻"或"那时" → 过去进行时。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Mom was cooking lunch in the kitchen.
妈妈在厨房做午饭。
1. 句型:主语 + was + 动词-ing + 宾语 + 地点。
2. was cooking:过去进行时 = was + 现在分词。
3. 表示某个过去时刻正在进行的动作。
📝 即练:
改错:Mom cooked lunch when I came home. → was cooking (某时刻正在做 → was + 现在分词。)
填空:Dad ___ ___ a newspaper.(读) → was reading (过去进行时 + reading。)
🔊
They were playing in the park.
他们(那时)在公园玩。
1. 句型:主语(复数)+ were + 动词-ing + 地点。
2. were playing:复数主语 + were。
3. in the park:在公园。
📝 即练:
改错:The kids was playing. → were (kids 复数 → were。)
翻译:他们当时在唱歌。 → They were singing. (They + were + singing。)
🔊
I was doing my homework at my desk.
我在书桌前做作业。
1. 句型:I + was + 动词-ing + 宾语 + 地点。
2. was doing:do 的现在分词 = doing。
3. at my desk:at = 在某具体地点。
📝 即练:
填空:I ___ ___ my homework.(在做) → was doing (I + was + doing。)
翻译:我当时在写信。 → I was writing a letter. (I + was + writing。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 过去进行时的结构是?
Awas/were + 动词原形Bhave/has + 过去分词Cwas/were + 动词-ingDdo/did + 动词
2 🔊 I 后面用?
AwasBwereCareDam
3 🔊 they 后面用?
AwasBwereCareDis
4 🔊 cook 的现在分词是?
AcookedBcookingCcookkingDcooks
5 🔊 come 的现在分词是?
AcomingBcomeingCcommingDcomed
6 🔊 run 的现在分词是?
AruningBrunningCrunngDruns
7 🔊 suddenly 是什么意思?
A慢慢地B突然C认真地D快速地
8 🔊 中译英:沙发
9 🔊 中译英:报纸
10 🔊 填空:I my homework.(当时在做)

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "At 7 yesterday, I TV." 填?
AwatchBwatchedCwas watchingDwere watching
2 🔊 "They a game then." 填?
Awas playingBwere playingCplayDplayed
3 🔊 "She in the park then." 填?
ArunsBwas runningCwere runningDis running
4 🔊 write 的现在分词是?
AwriteingBwritingCwrittingDwrites
5 🔊 改错:They was playing in the park.
6 🔊 改错:I cooked lunch when she came.(强调那时正在做)
7 🔊 翻译:他当时在写一封信。
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:那是周日下午。我在做作业,妈妈在做午饭。
2 🔊 翻译:突然,有人敲门。我林姨妈正在外面笑着。
3 🔊 改错(2处):The kids was playing in the park, and I read a book at home.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里 Aunt Lin 来时妈妈在做什么?
A看电视B看报纸C做午饭D睡觉
2 🔊 👑 Aunt Lin 拿着什么?
A一束花B一个大盒子C一本书D一个袋子
3 🔊 👑 翻译:那是周日下午。妈妈在做午饭,爸爸在看报纸,我在做作业,妹妹在玩洋娃娃。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ 过去进行时基本结构
✅ 我掌握了过去进行时 vs 一般过去时

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 11 · A rainy day reunion 雨天的相聚

新知识点:★ when 引导时间状语从句 + ★ while 引导时间状语从句

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 17 · LESSON 11

Lesson 11 · 雨天的相聚

A rainy day reunion
📚 过去进行时(二):when / while 时间状语从句

📖 Text 课文

🔊Last Friday, I was walking home from school when it started to rain.
🔊I had no umbrella, so I ran to the bus stop.
🔊While I was waiting, I saw an old friend.
🔊Her name is Anna, and we were classmates in grade three.
🔊"Hi, Anna! I haven't seen you for years!" I said.
🔊"Yeah, time flies! What were you doing today?" she asked.
🔊"I was studying at school when the rain started," I said.
🔊While we were talking, the bus came.
🔊Anna and I sat together and talked about old times.
🔊It was a great surprise to meet her on a rainy day.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
rainy/ˈreɪni/adj. 下雨的
reunion/riːˈjuːniən/n. 相聚;重聚
umbrella/ʌmˈbrelə/n. 雨伞
bus stop/bʌs stɒp/n. 公交站
wait/weɪt/v. 等
classmate/ˈklɑːsmeɪt/n. 同学
years/jɪəz/n. 年(复数)
time fliesphr. 时间过得飞快
study/ˈstʌdi/v. 学习
come/kʌm/v. 来
sit/sɪt/v. 坐
together/təˈɡeðə/adv. 一起
talk aboutphr. 谈论
old timesphr. 以前的时光
when/wen/conj. 当……的时候
while/waɪl/conj. 当……的时候(持续)
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
rainyadj.下雨的

用法:rain + y

a rainy day — 下雨天

💡 相关:sunny 晴朗的

reunionn.相聚;重聚

用法:re + union

a happy reunion — 快乐的重聚

💡 相关:meet 见面

umbrellan.雨伞

用法:复数 umbrellas

have an umbrella — 带把伞

💡 相关:rain 下雨

bus stopn.公交站

用法:bus + stop

at the bus stop — 在公交站

💡 相关:station 车站

waitv.

用法:现在分词 waiting

wait for the bus — 等公交

💡 相关:stay 停留

classmaten.同学

用法:class + mate

old classmate — 老同学

💡 相关:friend 朋友

yearsn.年(复数)

用法:for years = 多年

for years — 好多年

💡 相关:year 年

time fliesphr.时间过得飞快

用法:固定表达

Time flies! — 时间过得真快!

💡 相关:quickly 快速地

studyv.学习

用法:过去式 studied;现在分词 studying

I was studying. — 我在学习。

💡 相关:learn 学习

comev.

用法:过去式 came

The bus came. — 公交车来了。

💡 反义:go 去

sitv.

用法:过去式 sat

sit together — 坐在一起

💡 反义:stand 站

togetheradv.一起

用法:搭配 sit/play together

sit together — 一起坐

💡 反义:alone 独自

talk aboutphr.谈论

用法:talk + about

talk about old times — 聊以前的时光

💡 同义:discuss 讨论

old timesphr.以前的时光

用法:old + times

about old times — 关于以前的时光

💡 相关:past 过去

whenconj.当……的时候

用法:when + 短暂动作

when it started — 当它开始时

💡 相关:while 当……时

whileconj.当……的时候(持续)

用法:while + 一段动作

while I was waiting — 当我在等的时候

💡 相关:when 当

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a rainy day
一个雨天
🔊 while I was reading
当我在读书时
🔊 when the rain started
当雨开始下时
🔊 be caught in the rain
被雨淋
🔊 meet up at the cafe
在咖啡馆见面
🔊 chat over coffee
边喝咖啡边聊
🔊 share an umbrella with
与……共撑一伞
🔊 have a great time
玩得开心
🔊 the sound of rain
雨声
🔊 keep sb. company
陪伴某人
🔊 warm up with a cup of tea
用一杯茶取暖
🔊 forget about the rain
忘了下雨这回事

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周五,我从学校走回家时,开始下雨了。

我没带伞,就跑到了公交站。

我在等车的时候,看到了一个老朋友。

她叫 Anna,我们三年级时是同学。

"嗨 Anna!好多年没见你了!" 我说。

"是啊,时间过得真快!你今天在干嘛?" 她问。

"开始下雨的时候我在学校学习," 我说。

我们正在聊的时候,公交车来了。

Anna 和我坐在一起,聊起以前的时光。

在雨天遇到她真是个大惊喜。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去进行时(二)when / while
过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时 / while + 过去进行时
📐 句型拆解
▸ when(当...时) when + 一般过去时(瞬间动作)
▸ while(当...时) while + 过去进行时(持续动作)
▸ 结构 主句进行时 + when/while 从句
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I was reading when the rain started. 雨开始下时我正在读书。
🔊 While I was cooking, he was singing. 我做饭时他在唱歌。
⚠️ when 后面跟"瞬间动作"用一般过去时;while 后面跟"持续动作"用进行时。

一、★ when 引导时间状语从句

when(当……的时候)连接两个句子,表示动作发生的时间。常用于"过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时",表示在做某事时另一件事突然发生。

结构 1:主句(过去进行时)+ when + 从句(一般过去时)

I was walking home when it started to rain. — 我走回家时开始下雨了。
She was reading when I arrived. — 我到的时候她在读书。
They were playing when Mom called. — 妈妈叫他们的时候他们在玩。

结构 2:when + 从句(一般过去时)+ 主句(过去进行时)

When it started to rain, I was walking home. — 开始下雨时,我在走回家。
When I came home, Mom was cooking. — 我回家时,妈妈正在做饭。

从句的位置

When 在前 需要逗号  When it rained, I ran.
When 在后 不需要逗号  I ran when it rained.
🎵 口诀:when 引导短暂动作(突然发生);主句用过去进行时(一直在做)。

二、★ while 引导时间状语从句

while(当……的时候)后面跟持续性动作,主从句都可以是过去进行时,表示两个动作同时进行。

结构 1:while + 从句(过去进行时)+ 主句(过去进行时/一般过去时)

While I was waiting, I saw an old friend. — 我在等车时,看到了一位老朋友。
While we were talking, the bus came. — 我们在聊的时候,公交车来了。
While Mom was cooking, Dad was reading. — 妈妈做饭时,爸爸在读书。

结构 2:主句 + while + 从句

I saw an old friend while I was waiting. — 我在等车时看到了一位老朋友。
The bus came while we were talking. — 我们在聊时公交车来了。

★ when 和 while 的区别

when 后面跟<strong>短暂动作</strong>  when it started, when she came
while 后面跟<strong>持续动作</strong>  while I was reading, while we were talking
🎵 口诀:when 跟"突然发生",while 跟"正在持续"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I was walking home when it started to rain.
我走回家时开始下雨了。
1. 句型:主句(过去进行时)+ when + 从句(一般过去时)。
2. was walking:过去进行时,强调一直在走。
3. when it started:突发动作,用一般过去时。
📝 即练:
改错:I walked home when it started to rain.(强调当时在走) → was walking (主句正在做 → 过去进行时。)
翻译:我看电视时电话响了。 → I was watching TV when the phone rang. (I was watching + when + the phone rang。)
🔊
While I was waiting, I saw an old friend.
我在等车时,看到了一位老朋友。
1. 句型:While + 从句(过去进行时), 主句(一般过去时).
2. while:跟持续性动作。
3. was waiting:过去进行时。
📝 即练:
改错:When I was reading, my brother came in. → While (I was reading 是持续 → While。)
翻译:我们正在聊天时公交车来了。 → While we were talking, the bus came. (While + 进行时, 一般过去时。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 when 后面跟什么动作?
A持续动作B短暂动作C将来动作D现在动作
2 🔊 while 后面跟什么动作?
A持续动作B短暂动作C将来动作D现在动作
3 🔊 umbrella 是什么意思?
A雨衣B雨鞋C雨伞D雨水
4 🔊 bus stop 是什么意思?
A公交站B火车站C机场D出租车
5 🔊 classmate 是什么意思?
A老师B同学C校长D朋友
6 🔊 time flies 是什么意思?
A时间过得慢B时间过得快C没有时间D准时
7 🔊 sit 的过去式是?
AsatBsitCsittedDsits
8 🔊 中译英:相聚
9 🔊 中译英:等待
10 🔊 填空: I was reading, the phone rang.(当我读书时)

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "I TV when the phone ." 填?
Awatched / rangBwas watching / rangCwatch / rangDwas watching / was ringing
2 🔊 " Mom was cooking, Dad was reading." 填?
AWhenBWhileCAfterDBefore
3 🔊 "She was sleeping I came in." 填?
AwhenBwhileCduringDbefore
4 🔊 "While we , the bus came." 填?
AtalkedBwere talkingCtalkDare talking
5 🔊 改错:When we were waiting, the bus came.
6 🔊 改错:When she was coming in, I was reading.
7 🔊 翻译:当我在做作业时,妈妈进来了。
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:我从学校走回家时下起雨了。我跑到公交站。
2 🔊 翻译:我们正在聊天时,公交车来了。
3 🔊 改错(2处):When I was waiting at the bus stop, I see Anna. While she came, we talked.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里"我"在什么地方遇见了 Anna?
A学校B商店C公交站D家里
2 🔊 👑 Anna 和"我"是什么时候的同学?
A一年级B二年级C三年级D四年级
3 🔊 👑 翻译:我从学校走回家时开始下雨了。我等车时遇到了一位老朋友。
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ when 引导时间状语从句
✅ 我掌握了★ while 引导时间状语从句

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 12 · The fun of watching a movie 看电影的乐趣

新知识点:★ 过去进行时的否定句 + ★ 过去进行时的一般疑问句

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 17 · LESSON 12

Lesson 12 · 看电影的乐趣

The fun of watching a movie
📚 过去进行时(三):疑问句和否定句

📖 Text 课文

🔊Last night, I went to the cinema with my friends.
🔊We were watching a funny movie about a clever cat.
🔊During the movie, I asked my friend, "What were you doing yesterday afternoon?"
🔊"I wasn't studying. I was playing video games," he said.
🔊"Were you having fun?" I asked.
🔊"Yes, I was. What about you?" he asked back.
🔊"I was reading a book. I wasn't doing my homework," I laughed.
🔊Suddenly, the cat in the movie did something funny.
🔊Everyone in the cinema was laughing loudly.
🔊The movie wasn't boring at all. It was the best night ever!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
cinema/ˈsɪnəmə/n. 电影院
movie/ˈmuːvi/n. 电影
funny/ˈfʌni/adj. 搞笑的;好笑的
clever/ˈklevə/adj. 聪明的
during/ˈdjʊərɪŋ/prep. 在……期间
video game/ˈvɪdiəʊ ɡeɪm/n. 电子游戏
have funphr. 玩得开心
what aboutphr. ……怎么样
laugh/lɑːf/v. 笑
loudly/ˈlaʊdli/adv. 大声地
boring/ˈbɔːrɪŋ/adj. 无聊的
not at allphr. 一点也不
wasn't/ˈwɒznt/contraction was not 的缩写
weren't/wɜːnt/contraction were not 的缩写
best everphr. 有史以来最好的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
cineman.电影院

用法:复数 cinemas

go to the cinema — 去电影院

💡 同义:movie theater 电影院

movien.电影

用法:复数 movies

watch a movie — 看电影

💡 同义:film 电影

funnyadj.搞笑的;好笑的

用法:fun + ny

a funny movie — 搞笑电影

💡 反义:serious 严肃的

cleveradj.聪明的

用法:比较级 cleverer

a clever cat — 聪明的猫

💡 同义:smart 聪明的

duringprep.在……期间

用法:during + 名词

during the movie — 在电影期间

💡 相关:while 当……时

video gamen.电子游戏

用法:video + game

play video games — 打电子游戏

💡 相关:play 玩

have funphr.玩得开心

用法:have + fun

have fun — 玩得开心

💡 相关:enjoy 享受

what aboutphr.……怎么样

用法:what + about

What about you? — 你呢?

💡 同义:how about ……怎么样

laughv.

用法:gh 不发音

laugh loudly — 大声笑

💡 相关:smile 微笑

loudlyadv.大声地

用法:loud + ly

laugh loudly — 大声笑

💡 反义:quietly 安静地

boringadj.无聊的

用法:bore + ing → 形容物

a boring movie — 无聊的电影

💡 反义:interesting 有趣的

not at allphr.一点也不

用法:not + at all

not boring at all — 一点也不无聊

💡 相关:never 从不

wasn'tcontractionwas not 的缩写

用法:was + not

I wasn't studying. — 我没在学习。

💡 相关:weren't = were not

weren'tcontractionwere not 的缩写

用法:were + not

They weren't playing. — 他们没在玩。

💡 相关:wasn't = was not

best everphr.有史以来最好的

用法:best + ever

the best night ever — 最棒的一晚

💡 类似:worst ever 最差的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 Were you watching...?
你那时在看……吗?
🔊 was/were not doing
当时没在做……
🔊 What were you doing?
你那时在做什么?
🔊 around 8 pm
晚上 8 点左右
🔊 go to the cinema
去电影院
🔊 watch a movie
看电影
🔊 a romantic movie
一部浪漫电影
🔊 an action film
一部动作片
🔊 fall asleep during
在……期间睡着
🔊 be touched by
被……感动
🔊 miss the ending
错过结局
🔊 a happy ending
一个圆满结局

🇨🇳 参考译文

昨晚我和朋友们去了电影院。

我们在看一部关于聪明小猫的搞笑电影。

看电影中间,我问朋友:"你昨天下午在干嘛?"

"我没在学习。我在打游戏," 他说。

"你玩得开心吗?" 我问。

"很开心。你呢?" 他反问。

"我在看书。我没在写作业," 我笑着说。

突然,电影里的猫做了件搞笑的事。

电影院里所有人都在大声笑。

这部电影一点也不无聊。这是最棒的一晚!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去进行时(三)疑问/否定
Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing + ? / 主语 + wasn't/weren't + V-ing
📐 句型拆解
▸ 一般疑问 Were you watching?
▸ 特殊疑问 What were you doing?
▸ 否定句 I wasn't sleeping.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Were you watching the movie? 你当时在看电影吗?
🔊 I wasn't sleeping at 10 pm. 我晚上 10 点没在睡觉。
💡 把 was/were 提到主语前面 = 疑问;加 not = 否定。和现在进行时规则一样。

一、★ 过去进行时的否定句

在 was / were 后面加 not,构成过去进行时的否定句。

结构:主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他

I wasn't studying. — 我(那时)没在学习。
She wasn't reading. — 她(那时)没在读书。
They weren't playing. — 他们(那时)没在玩。
We weren't watching TV. — 我们(那时)没在看电视。
I wasn't doing my homework. — 我(那时)没在写作业。

常见缩写

was not wasn't  /ˈwɒznt/
were not weren't  /wɜːnt/
🎵 口诀:过去进行时否定 = was/were + not + 动词-ing。

二、★ 过去进行时的一般疑问句

was / were 提到主语前面,构成一般疑问句。

结构:Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?

Was she reading? — 她(那时)在读书吗?
Were you having fun? — 你(那时)玩得开心吗?
Were they playing? — 他们(那时)在玩吗?
Was Mom cooking? — 妈妈(那时)在做饭吗?

用 was / were 回答

Yes, I was. 是的,我在。  肯定回答
No, I wasn't. 不,我没在。  否定回答
Yes, they were. 是的,他们在。  肯定回答
No, they weren't. 不,他们没在。  否定回答
💡 注意:用 was 问 → 用 was/wasn't 答;用 were 问 → 用 were/weren't 答。

三、过去进行时的特殊疑问句

在一般疑问句前面加上 疑问词(what, where, who 等),构成特殊疑问句。

结构:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?

What were you doing yesterday? — 你昨天在干嘛?
Where was she going? — 她(那时)要去哪儿?
Who was talking on the phone? — 那时谁在打电话?
When were you reading? — 你(那时)什么时候读书?

常见疑问词搭配

What were you doing? 你在干嘛?  问活动
Where were you going? 你要去哪?  问地点
Who was crying? 谁在哭?  问人
Why were you running? 你为什么跑?  问原因
🎵 口诀:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词-ing?

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I wasn't studying. I was playing video games.
我没在学习。我在打游戏。
1. 句型:主语 + wasn't + 动词-ing. + 主语 + was + 动词-ing.
2. wasn't:was not 的缩写。
3. 否定 + 肯定,对比说明"没做什么 / 在做什么"。
📝 即练:
改错:He didn't watching TV.(强调那时没在看) → wasn't (过去进行时否定 → wasn't + ing。)
翻译:他没在跑步。他在走路。 → He wasn't running. He was walking. (过去进行时否定 + 肯定。)
🔊
Were you having fun?
你(那时)玩得开心吗?
1. 句型:Were + you + 动词-ing + 其他?
2. Were you:把 were 提到主语前。
3. having fun:have fun 现在分词形式。
📝 即练:
改错:Did you having fun?(用过去进行时) → Were (过去进行时疑问 → Were。)
回答:Were they playing? 肯定回答 → Yes, they were. (用 were 回答。)
🔊
What were you doing yesterday afternoon?
你昨天下午在干嘛?
1. 句型:What + were + 主语 + doing + 时间?
2. What were you doing:特殊疑问句结构。
3. yesterday afternoon:昨天下午(具体时间)。
📝 即练:
填空:What ___ you doing then? → were (you → were。)
翻译:他昨晚在做什么? → What was he doing last night? (What + was + he + doing + last night?)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 过去进行时否定句的结构是?
Adidn't + 动词Bwas/were + not + 动词-ingCdon't + 动词Dwasn't + 动词原形
2 🔊 "was not" 的缩写是?
Awasn'tBweren'tCwasnotDwasnt
3 🔊 "were not" 的缩写是?
Aweren'tBwasn'tCwerntDwere't
4 🔊 cinema 是什么意思?
A书店B电影院C咖啡馆D超市
5 🔊 funny 是什么意思?
A伤心的B搞笑的C认真的D无聊的
6 🔊 boring 的反义词是?
AfunBinterestingCeasyDhappy
7 🔊 "What about you?" 是什么意思?
A你怎么了?B你呢?C你做什么?D你好吗?
8 🔊 中译英:电影
9 🔊 中译英:聪明的
10 🔊 填空:I TV last night.(没在看)

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 " you reading at 8?" 填?
AWasBWereCDidDAre
2 🔊 "They playing video games." 填?(否定)
Awasn'tBweren'tCdon'tDisn't
3 🔊 "What she doing then?" 填?
AwasBwereCisDare
4 🔊 "Was he reading?" 否定回答?
ANo, he don't.BNo, he didn't.CNo, he wasn't.DNo, he isn't.
5 🔊 改错:I didn't watching TV.(用过去进行时)
6 🔊 改错:Did you having fun?
7 🔊 翻译:你昨天下午在干嘛?
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:我没在学习。我在打游戏。你昨天在干嘛?
2 🔊 翻译:你看那部电影时玩得开心吗?是的,我很开心。
3 🔊 改错(2处):I didn't studying yesterday. Did you having fun?
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里那部电影讲了什么?
A一只聪明的狗B一只聪明的猫C一个聪明的孩子D一只聪明的鸟
2 🔊 👑 朋友昨天下午在干嘛?
A学习B打游戏C看电影D睡觉
3 🔊 👑 翻译:你昨天在干嘛?我没在学习。我在打游戏。我玩得很开心!
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了★ 过去进行时的否定句
✅ 我掌握了★ 过去进行时的一般疑问句
✅ 我掌握了过去进行时的特殊疑问句

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 13 · Reading practice: A camping trip 阅读拓展:露营之旅

新知识点:综合复习:过去进行时的完整结构 + 综合复习:when / while 时间状语从句

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 17 · LESSON 13

Lesson 13 · 阅读拓展:露营之旅

Reading practice: A camping trip
📚 过去进行时(四):综合阅读

📖 Text 课文

🔊Last weekend, my family went camping in the mountains.
🔊It was a wonderful trip, full of fun moments.
🔊When we arrived at the camp, Dad was setting up the tent.
🔊Mom and I were collecting firewood while my brother was looking for stones.
🔊A small bird was singing on the tree, and a rabbit was eating grass nearby.
🔊In the afternoon, we were swimming in the cool river.
🔊The water was so clear that we could see fish swimming under us.
🔊When the sun was setting, we had a barbecue.
🔊Dad was grilling meat while Mom was making salad.
🔊After dinner, we sat around the fire and told stories.
🔊It was the most exciting weekend of my life!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
camping/ˈkæmpɪŋ/n. 露营
mountain/ˈmaʊntɪn/n. 山
wonderful/ˈwʌndəfl/adj. 美好的;精彩的
set upphr. 搭起;建立
tent/tent/n. 帐篷
collect/kəˈlekt/v. 收集;捡
firewood/ˈfaɪəwʊd/n. 柴火
stone/stəʊn/n. 石头
bird/bɜːd/n. 鸟
sing/sɪŋ/v. 唱歌
grass/ɡrɑːs/n. 草
nearby/ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/adv. 在附近
river/ˈrɪvə/n. 河流
clear/klɪə/adj. 清澈的;清楚的
sun/sʌn/n. 太阳
set/set/v. 落下(太阳)
barbecue/ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/n. 烧烤
grill/ɡrɪl/v. 烤
meat/miːt/n. 肉
salad/ˈsæləd/n. 沙拉
fire/ˈfaɪə/n. 火堆;火
exciting/ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/adj. 激动人心的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
campingn.露营

用法:go camping = 去露营

go camping — 去露营

💡 相关:tent 帐篷

mountainn.

用法:复数 mountains

in the mountains — 在山里

💡 相关:hill 小山

wonderfuladj.美好的;精彩的

用法:wonder + ful

a wonderful trip — 美好的旅行

💡 同义:amazing 棒极了的

set upphr.搭起;建立

用法:set + up;过去式 set up(不变)

set up a tent — 搭帐篷

💡 相关:put up 立起

tentn.帐篷

用法:复数 tents

in the tent — 在帐篷里

💡 相关:camp 营地

collectv.收集;捡

用法:现在分词 collecting

collect firewood — 捡柴火

💡 同义:gather 收集

firewoodn.柴火

用法:fire + wood;不可数

collect firewood — 捡柴火

💡 相关:fire 火

stonen.石头

用法:复数 stones

looking for stones — 找石头

💡 相关:rock 岩石

birdn.

用法:复数 birds

a small bird — 一只小鸟

💡 相关:sky 天空

singv.唱歌

用法:现在分词 singing

singing on the tree — 在树上唱歌

💡 相关:song 歌曲

grassn.

用法:不可数

eat grass — 吃草

💡 相关:tree 树

nearbyadv.在附近

用法:near + by

nearby — 在附近

💡 同义:close by 附近

rivern.河流

用法:复数 rivers

in the river — 在河里

💡 相关:lake 湖

clearadj.清澈的;清楚的

用法:反义 dirty

clear water — 清澈的水

💡 反义:dirty 脏的

sunn.太阳

用法:the sun

the sun is setting — 太阳在落下

💡 相关:moon 月亮

setv.落下(太阳)

用法:现在分词 setting

sun setting — 太阳落山

💡 反义:rise 升起

barbecuen.烧烤

用法:简称 BBQ

have a barbecue — 烤肉

💡 相关:grill 烤架

grillv.

用法:现在分词 grilling

grilling meat — 在烤肉

💡 相关:bake 烘烤

meatn.

用法:不可数

grill meat — 烤肉

💡 相关:fish 鱼

saladn.沙拉

用法:复数 salads

make salad — 做沙拉

💡 相关:vegetable 蔬菜

firen.火堆;火

用法:around the fire

sit around the fire — 围坐火堆旁

💡 相关:firewood 柴火

excitingadj.激动人心的

用法:excite + ing → 形容物

an exciting trip — 激动人心的旅行

💡 反义:boring 无聊的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

本课必背 12 条核心搭配和句型,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a camping trip
一次露营旅行
🔊 set up the tent
搭帐篷
🔊 build a campfire
生篝火
🔊 sit around the fire
围坐火堆旁
🔊 roast marshmallows
烤棉花糖
🔊 under the stars
星空下
🔊 tell scary stories
讲恐怖故事
🔊 listen to the wind
听风声
🔊 sleep in a sleeping bag
在睡袋里睡
🔊 wake up at dawn
黎明醒来
🔊 in the wild
在野外
🔊 an unforgettable night
难忘的一夜

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周末,我家去山里露营。

那是一次美好的旅行,充满了快乐时刻。

我们到达营地时,爸爸在搭帐篷。

妈妈和我在捡柴火,哥哥在找石头。

一只小鸟在树上唱歌,一只兔子在旁边吃草。

下午,我们在凉爽的河里游泳。

河水清澈,我们能看见鱼在脚下游来游去。

太阳落山时,我们烤肉。

爸爸在烤肉,妈妈在做沙拉。

晚饭后,我们围坐在火堆旁讲故事。

那是我人生中最激动人心的周末!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去进行时综合
过去进行时完整结构 + 时间/伴随状态
📐 句型拆解
▸ 描述同时发生 A 正在 B 也在
▸ 时间状语 at 8 pm yesterday
▸ 地点 in the tent / under the stars
▸ 混合时态 主线过去时 + 配景进行时
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 We were sitting around the fire. 我们围坐在火堆旁。
🔊 Mom was cooking when we arrived. 我们到的时候妈妈正在做饭。
🏕️ 过去进行时让故事"动起来"——把过去的画面像电影一样描述出来。

一、综合复习:过去进行时的完整结构

过去进行时是英语中表示"过去某时刻正在做某事"的重要时态。下面是它的完整结构。

1. 肯定句

I / he / she / it was + 动词-ing  I was reading.
you / we / they were + 动词-ing  They were playing.

2. 否定句

wasn't + 动词-ing 单数主语 + 没在做  I wasn't reading.
weren't + 动词-ing 复数主语 + 没在做  They weren't playing.

3. 一般疑问句

Was + 主语 + 动词-ing? 单数主语  Was she reading?
Were + 主语 + 动词-ing? 复数主语  Were they playing?

4. 特殊疑问句

What were you doing yesterday? — 你昨天在干嘛?
Where was she going? — 她要去哪儿?
Who was singing? — 谁在唱歌?
🎵 口诀:过去进行时 = was/were + 动词-ing,描述过去某时刻正在做的事

二、综合复习:when / while 时间状语从句

过去进行时常和 when / while 引导的时间状语从句搭配使用。

1. when + 一般过去时(短暂动作)

I was reading when the phone rang. — 电话响时我在读书。
When she came in, I was sleeping. — 她进来时,我在睡觉。
When we arrived, Dad was setting up the tent. — 我们到时,爸爸在搭帐篷。

2. while + 过去进行时(持续动作)

While I was eating, my friend called. — 我吃饭时,朋友打来电话。
While Mom was cooking, I was reading. — 妈妈做饭时,我在读书。
Mom and I were collecting firewood while my brother was looking for stones. — 妈妈和我在捡柴火,哥哥在找石头。
💡 核心区别:when 跟短暂动作,while 跟持续动作。

三、过去进行时的常见用法

把过去进行时的常见用法系统总结一下。

1. 描述过去某时刻在做什么

At 8 last night, I was watching TV. — 昨晚 8 点我在看电视。

2. 描述背景,由 when 引出突发事件

I was walking home when it started to rain. — 我走回家时开始下雨了。

3. 描述同时进行的两个动作(用 while)

While Mom was cooking, Dad was reading. — 妈妈做饭时,爸爸在看书。

4. 描述一段时间里持续的状态

It was raining all morning. — 整个早上都在下雨。

5. 在故事/记叙文中设置场景

A bird was singing. A rabbit was eating grass. — 一只鸟在唱歌。一只兔子在吃草。
💡 过去进行时常用于讲故事,让场景生动起来!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
When we arrived at the camp, Dad was setting up the tent.
我们到达营地时,爸爸在搭帐篷。
1. 句型:When + 从句(一般过去时), 主句(过去进行时).
2. arrived:短暂动作 → 一般过去时。
3. was setting up:持续动作 → 过去进行时。
📝 即练:
改错:When we were arriving, Dad was setting up the tent. → arrived (到达是短暂 → 一般过去时。)
翻译:我回家时,妈妈正在做饭。 → When I came home, Mom was cooking. (When + 从句一般过去时, 主句过去进行时。)
🔊
Mom and I were collecting firewood while my brother was looking for stones.
妈妈和我在捡柴火,哥哥在找石头。
1. 句型:主句(过去进行时)+ while + 从句(过去进行时).
2. were collecting & was looking:两个动作同时进行。
3. while:跟持续性动作。
📝 即练:
填空:While Dad ___ ___ the tent, Mom was cooking.(搭起) → was setting up (两个动作同时进行 → 都用过去进行时。)
翻译:妈妈做饭时,我在写作业。 → While Mom was cooking, I was doing homework. (While + 进行时, 主句进行时。)
🔊
It was the most exciting weekend of my life!
那是我人生中最激动人心的周末!
1. 句型:It was + the + 最高级 + 名词 + of my life.
2. the most exciting:exciting 的最高级(多音节加 most)。
3. of my life:在我人生中。
📝 即练:
填空:It was the ___ ___ day of my life.(最快乐的) → happiest (happy 的最高级 = happiest。)
翻译:那是我吃过最好吃的蛋糕。 → It was the best cake I've ever had. (best cake + I've ever had。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 26 题,分 4 级难度)

🌱 基础题 Basic(10 题)

1 🔊 camping 是什么意思?
A购物B露营C旅行D游泳
2 🔊 tent 是什么意思?
A帐篷B帽子C盒子D袋子
3 🔊 mountain 是什么意思?
ABCD
4 🔊 collect 是什么意思?
A拒绝B收集C展示D隐藏
5 🔊 wonderful 是什么意思?
A坏的B美好的C危险的D小的
6 🔊 set up 是什么意思?
A搭起来B坐下C吃饭D走开
7 🔊 when 后面跟什么动作?
A短暂动作B持续动作C将来动作D现在动作
8 🔊 中译英:河流
9 🔊 中译英:石头
10 🔊 填空:When I came home, Mom dinner.(在做晚饭)

🌟 中级题 Medium(9 题)

1 🔊 "When we , Dad was setting up the tent." 填?
AarriveBarrivedCwere arrivingDarrives
2 🔊 "While Mom cooking, I TV." 填?
Awas / watchedBwas / was watchingCwere / watchingDwas / watch
3 🔊 "A bird singing on the tree." 填?
AisBwasCwereDare
4 🔊 "What you doing at 7 last night?" 填?
AwasBwereCisDare
5 🔊 改错:When she came in, I read a book.(强调当时正在读)
6 🔊 改错:When we were swimming, my brother was sleeping.
7 🔊 翻译:太阳下山时我们在烤肉。
8 🔊 排序:
9 🔊 排序:

💎 高级题 Hard(4 题)

1 🔊 翻译:上周末,我家去山里露营。爸爸在搭帐篷,妈妈在做饭。
2 🔊 翻译:我们正在游泳的时候,看到了鱼。
3 🔊 改错(2处):When the sun was setting, we have a barbecue. While Dad grilled meat, Mom was making salad.
4 🔊 排序:

🔥 BOSS 题 Boss(3 题)

1 🔊 👑 课文里他们一家去哪里露营?
A海边B山里C森林D草原
2 🔊 👑 太阳下山时他们做了什么?
A游泳B搭帐篷C烤肉D睡觉
3 🔊 👑 翻译:我们到达营地时,爸爸在搭帐篷。妈妈和我捡柴火,哥哥找石头。那是我人生中最激动人心的周末!
💡 提示:所有题目都可以点击 🔊 朗读题干。完整答案见书末或对照课文/语法讲解作答。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了综合复习:过去进行时的完整结构
✅ 我掌握了综合复习:when / while 时间状语从句
✅ 我掌握了过去进行时的常见用法

🌈 全书完结

🎉 恭喜你完成了《简单英语 5》全部 13 课!

你已经掌握了本册的全部知识点,继续加油!

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