⭐ ✨ ⭐ ✨ ⭐

简单英语 · 第四册

Easy English · Book 4 · 互动学习版
📚 2 章 · 14 课 · 过去时 · 比较级 · 最高级 · 不定代词 · 交际用语

📑 目录 Contents

Chapter 14 · be 动词过去式 was / were

1
Lesson 1 · Mimi grew up
咪咪长大了
2
Lesson 2 · Mom's childhood and mine
妈妈的童年和我的
3
Lesson 3 · The week I was sick
我生病的那一周
4
Lesson 4 · Grandma's birthday
奶奶的生日
5
Lesson 5 · The lost phone
丢手机记
6
Lesson 6 · Ben learned to ride
本学骑自行车
7
Lesson 7 · Where did the snow go?
雪去哪儿了?
8
Lesson 8 · The biggest sandcastle
最大的沙堡
9
Lesson 9 · The cooking contest
家庭做菜比赛
10
Lesson 10 · The note in the old book
旧书里的纸条
11
Lesson 11 · The day I met my pen pal
我见到笔友的那一天

Chapter 15 · 交际用语 · 问路 / 方位

12
Lesson 12 · First day at the new school
转学第一天
13
Lesson 13 · Buying a present for Mom
给妈妈买生日礼物
14
Lesson 14 · Visiting Grandpa in the hospital
医院看望爷爷
CHAPTER 14

一般过去时 · 比较级 · 不定代词

Past Tense, Comparatives & Indefinite Pronouns
📚 包含 Lesson 1 - 11
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 1

Lesson 1 · 咪咪长大了

Mimi grew up
📚 be 动词过去式 was / were

📖 Text 课文

咪咪长大了
🐱🍼🌱🐾
Lesson 1
🔊We got Mimi last winter.
🔊She was a little kitten then.
🔊She was so small that she fit in my hand.
🔊Her eyes were big and blue.
🔊Her fur was thin and gray.
🔊She was scared of everything — even her food bowl!
🔊Mimi was tiny last year.
🔊She didn't eat much.
🔊Now she eats a lot, so she is bigger and rounder.
🔊Her fur is thick and soft now.
🔊Last winter, she hid under the bed all day.
🔊Now she jumps on the sofa and runs after toys.
🔊She is much braver than before.
🔊Mimi was a quiet little baby last year,
🔊and now she is the queen of our house.
🔊But she is still my best friend.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
was/wɒz/v. 是;在(过去)
were/wɜː/v. 是;在(过去)
last/lɑːst/adj. 上一个的;去……
kitten/ˈkɪtn/n. 小猫;幼猫
fit/fɪt/v. 装下;合身(过去式同形)
fur/fɜː/n. 毛皮;毛
scared/skeəd/adj. 害怕的
tiny/ˈtaɪni/adj. 极小的;非常小的
rounder/ˈraʊndə/adj. 更圆的
thick/θɪk/adj. 厚的;浓密的
hid/hɪd/v. 躲藏(过去式)
sofa/ˈsəʊfə/n. 沙发
braver/ˈbreɪvə/adj. 更勇敢的
queen/kwiːn/n. 女王;王后
still/stɪl/adv. 仍然;还
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
wasv.是;在(过去)

用法:is 和 am 的过去式

She was a little kitten. — 她(那时)是只小奶猫。

💡 跟 I / he / she / it 用

werev.是;在(过去)

用法:are 的过去式

Her eyes were big and blue. — 她的眼睛又大又蓝。

💡 跟 you / we / they 用

lastadj.上一个的;去……

用法:last winter 去年冬天;last year 去年

last winter — 去年冬天

💡 反义词:next 下一个

kittenn.小猫;幼猫

用法:小猫专用词,长大叫 cat

a little kitten — 一只小奶猫

💡 小狗:puppy;小鸭:duckling

fitv.装下;合身(过去式同形)

用法:不规则动词,过去式还是 fit

She fit in my hand. — 她(那时)能放进我手心。

💡 类似词:fits 合身

furn.毛皮;毛

用法:动物身上的毛

thin and gray fur — 又薄又灰的毛

💡 人头发:hair

scaredadj.害怕的

用法:搭配:be scared of 害怕……

She was scared of everything. — 她什么都怕。

💡 近义:afraid 害怕的

tinyadj.极小的;非常小的

用法:比 small 更小

tiny baby 小宝宝 — 比 small 更小

💡 近义:small 小的;反义:huge 巨大的

rounderadj.更圆的

用法:round + er → rounder

bigger and rounder — 更大更圆

💡 原级:round 圆的

thickadj.厚的;浓密的

用法:反义词 thin(薄、瘦)

thick fur — 厚厚的毛

💡 反义:thin 薄的、瘦的

hidv.躲藏(过去式)

用法:hide → hid,<strong>不规则</strong>,要单独记

She hid under the bed. — 她躲在床底下。

💡 hide (现在) / hid (过去)

sofan.沙发

用法:客厅常见家具

jump on the sofa — 跳上沙发

💡 近义:couch 长沙发

braveradj.更勇敢的

用法:brave + r → braver(e 结尾加 r)

much braver than before — 比以前勇敢得多

💡 原级:brave 勇敢的

queenn.女王;王后

用法:the queen of ... = ……的女王

the queen of our house — 我们家的女王

💡 反义:king 国王

stilladv.仍然;还

用法:表示状态没变

She is still my best friend. — 她仍然是我最好的朋友。

💡 近义:yet 仍然

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 last winter
去年冬天
🔊 a little kitten
一只小奶猫
🔊 then
那时
🔊 be scared of
害怕……
🔊 thin and gray
又瘦又灰
🔊 the queen of
……的女王
🔊 hide behind
躲在……后面

🇨🇳 参考译文

我们去年冬天有了咪咪。那时她还是一只小奶猫。

她那么小,能放进我的手心里。

她的眼睛又大又蓝。毛又薄又灰。

她害怕一切——连她的饭碗都怕!

咪咪去年很瘦小。她吃得不多。

现在她吃很多,所以更大、更圆了。

她的毛现在又厚又软。

去年冬天,她整天躲在床底下。

现在她跳上沙发,追着玩具跑。

她比以前勇敢多了。

咪咪去年是个安静的小宝宝,

现在她是我们家的女王。

但她仍然是我最好的朋友。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:be 动词过去式
主语 + was/were + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ I / he / she / it / 单数 was
▸ you / we / they / 复数 were
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Mimi was a kitten. 咪咪是只小猫。
🔊 Her eyes were big and blue. 她眼睛又大又蓝。
⏰ 看到 yesterday / last year / then 这些词,就用 was/were。

一、be 动词的过去式:was 和 were

am, is, are(是)变成过去时,就是 waswere。意思是"(那时)是、(那时)在"。

规则1:I / he / she / it 后用 was("我他她它"用 was)

She was a little kitten. — 她(那时)是只小奶猫。
Mimi was tiny last year. — 咪咪去年很瘦小。
I was scared at first. — 我一开始很害怕。
It was cold last winter. — 去年冬天很冷。

规则2:you / we / they 后用 were("你我们他们"用 were)

Her eyes were big and blue. — 她的眼睛又大又蓝。
We were so happy to see her. — 我们(那时)很高兴见到她。
You were taller than her. — 你(那时)比她高。
They were good friends. — 他们(那时)是好朋友。
🎵 口诀:is、am 变 was,are 变 were。一个人(单数)用 was,多个人(复数)用 were。

对比记忆:现在 vs 过去

She is big now. She was tiny last year.  现在大 / 那时小
Her fur is thick. Her fur was thin.  现在厚 / 那时薄
She is brave. She was scared.  现在勇敢 / 那时害怕
Her eyes are bright. Her eyes were big.  现在亮 / 那时大

二、过去时间标志词(一看就要用过去时)

看到下面这些词,句子就要用过去时(was / were 或动词过去式)。

1. yesterday(昨天)

Mimi was hungry yesterday. — 咪咪昨天饿了。
I was at home yesterday. — 我昨天在家。

2. last + 时间(上一个……)

last night 昨晚 → She was on my bed last night. — 她昨晚在我床上。
last week 上周 → We were busy last week. — 我们上周很忙。
last winter 去年冬天 → She was a kitten last winter. — 去年冬天她还是只小奶猫。
last year 去年 → Mimi was tiny last year. — 咪咪去年很瘦小。

3. 时间 + ago(……以前)

two days ago 两天前 → She was sick two days ago. — 她两天前生病了。
a week ago 一周前 → I was at the park a week ago. — 我一周前在公园。
six months ago 六个月前 → Mimi was much smaller six months ago. — 咪咪六个月前小得多。

4. just now(刚才)

Mimi was here just now. — 咪咪刚才在这儿。

5. then(那时)/ at first(一开始)

She was scared then. — 她那时害怕。
I was nervous at first. — 我一开始很紧张。
💡 记一句话:见到 yesterday、last…、…ago、just now、then、at first,就用过去时!

三、be scared of(害怕……)

be scared of + 名词 = 害怕……。be 动词随主语和时间变化(am / is / are / was / were)。

Mimi was scared of everything. — 咪咪什么都怕。
I am scared of spiders. — 我害怕蜘蛛。
He is scared of the dark. — 他怕黑。
They were scared of the loud noise. — 他们(那时)怕那个大响声。
My sister was scared of dogs last year. — 我妹妹去年怕狗。
⚠️ of 不能省。不能说 "scared spiders",要说 "scared of spiders"。

四、so + 形容词 + that(如此……以至于)

so + 形容词 + that + 句子,表示"(某物)如此……,以至于(发生了某事)"。

She was so small that she fit in my hand. — 她那么小,能放进我手心里。
I was so tired that I went to bed early. — 我太累了,所以早早就睡了。
The cake was so sweet that she ate it all. — 蛋糕太甜了,她全吃完了。
They were so loud that I couldn't sleep. — 他们太吵了,我睡不着。
💡 so + 形容词 是"程度加深"的意思,that 后面是"结果"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
She was a little kitten then.
那时她还是一只小奶猫。
1. then(那时)是过去时间,所以用过去时。
2. was 是 is 的过去式,跟 she 搭配。
3. a little kitten 一只小奶猫(kitten 是小猫专用词)。
📝 即练:
改错:She is a little kitten then. → was (then 是过去时间,要用 was。)
填空:He ___ a baby ten years ago. → was (he + was(过去式)。)
🔊
Her eyes were big and blue.
她的眼睛又大又蓝。
1. eyes 是复数,过去式用 were。
2. and 连接两个形容词。
3. 这里描述的是过去的样子,所以用 were,不是 are。
📝 即练:
填空:Her ears ___ small and pink. → were (ears 复数,过去式 were。)
改错:Her eyes was blue. → were (eyes 复数,要用 were。)
🔊
She was scared of everything.
她什么都怕。
1. 句型:be scared of + 名词。
2. of 不能省。
3. everything(一切)虽然意思是"很多",但语法上是单数。
📝 即练:
填空:I was scared ___ the dog last year. → of (be scared of,of 不能省。)
翻译:他们害怕黑。 They are scared ___ ___ ___. → of the dark (be scared of + the dark。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:was / were 的用法
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:小猫)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:害怕的)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:微小的)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:毛皮)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:勇敢的)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:女王)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:小猫 首字母:k _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:毛皮 首字母:f _ _ →
3意思:微小的 首字母:t _ _ _ →
4意思:害怕的 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ →
5意思:女王 首字母:q _ _ _ _ →
6意思:厚厚的 首字母:t _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:be 动词现在→过去:写出过去式(共 8 题)

把下面 be 动词的现在式改成过去式(am/is → was, are → were):

1🔊I am happy.
2🔊She is a kitten.
3🔊They are scared.
4🔊We are in the park.
5🔊It is small.
6🔊You are brave.
7🔊He is at home.
8🔊Mimi and her mom are tiny.

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:was 还是 were?(共 8 题)

在横线上填 was 或 were(注意主语单复数):

1🔊Mimi a tiny kitten last year.
2🔊Her eyes big and blue.
3🔊We at the park yesterday.
4🔊I scared of the dog.
5🔊You at school last Monday.
6🔊Mimi and her brother small then.
7🔊It a cold winter day.
8🔊The kittens very cute.

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成 was / were 句子(共 6 题)

根据中文意思完成英文句子(只用 was 或 were 的肯定式):

1🔊咪咪去年是一只小猫。Mimi last year.
2🔊她的眼睛又大又蓝。Her eyes .
3🔊我们昨天在公园。We yesterday.
4🔊我去年很高兴。I very happy .
5🔊它的毛皮是灰色的。Its fur .
6🔊它们都很微小。They .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊Mimi is a small kitten. (改为过去式)
2🔊She is scared. (改为过去式)
3🔊They are at home. (改为过去式)
4🔊I am happy now. (改为"去年我...")
5🔊Mimi was brave. (改为"咪咪和她妹妹..." 复数)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Mimi were a little kitten. 🔊
2Her eyes was big and blue. 🔊
3We was at school yesterday. 🔊
4They was scared. 🔊
5I were happy last winter. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. a little kitten 害怕……
🔊2. big and blue ……的女王
🔊3. be scared of 一只小猫
🔊4. last winter 又厚又软
🔊5. thick and soft 去年冬天
🔊6. the queen of 又大又蓝

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1咪咪去年是一只小猫。 🔊
2她的眼睛又大又蓝。 🔊
3我们昨天在公园里。 🔊
4🔊Her fur was thin and gray.
5🔊Mimi was scared of everything.
6🔊We were so happy to see her.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊When did the family get Mimi?
2🔊What color were Mimi's eyes?
3🔊Was Mimi brave when she was a kitten?
4🔊What is Mimi like now?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · was / were 的精准用法

was / werebe 动词的过去式——表示"过去是、过去在"。

📐 主语 vs be 动词
🔸 I / he / she / it / 单数名词 → was
  I was happy. She was a kitten.
🔸 you / we / they / 复数名词 → were
  You were right. They were here.

否定:wasn't / weren't
  She wasn't at home.
疑问句:Was/Were + 主语...?
  Were you tired? — Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.

💡 常用时间词(一般过去时的标志):
  yesterday 昨天 last week 上周 last year 去年 ago 之前 in 2020 在 2020 年

🐱 英语文化小常识 · Pets in Western Families 西方宠物文化

英美家庭非常重视 pet(宠物)—— 美国家庭中超过 70% 都养宠物!宠物被视为家庭成员,有名字、生日,甚至生日派对!

🐶 最受欢迎的宠物
🐕 dogs(狗,第一名)
🐱 cats(猫,第二名)
🐠 fish, 🐰 rabbits, 🦜 birds, 🐹 hamsters(仓鼠)

📜 领养文化
西方人提倡 "Adopt, don't shop"(领养代替购买)—— 从 animal shelter(动物收容所)领养更有意义。

💡 课文里 Mimi 从小猫长大,这是养宠物最让人感动的过程之一!

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了be 动词的过去式:was 和 were
✅ 我掌握了过去时间标志词(一看就要用过去时)
✅ 我掌握了be scared of(害怕……)
✅ 我掌握了so + 形容词 + that(如此……以至于)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 2 · Mom's childhood and mine 妈妈的童年和我的

新知识点:什么是比较级? + 比较级的 5 种变化规则

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 2

Lesson 2 · 妈妈的童年和我的

Mom's childhood and mine
📚 形容词比较级 -er + than

📖 Text 课文

妈妈的童年和我的
👧📸🎨🌈
Lesson 2
🔊Mom says her childhood was very different from mine.
🔊Her toys were simple — just paper dolls and wooden blocks.
🔊The streets were quieter, and the sky was darker at night.
🔊She could see many more stars.
🔊My toys are bigger and more colorful.
🔊I have a tablet and a robot dog.
🔊The streets are busier than before.
🔊Cars are everywhere.
🔊But I can see fewer stars now.
🔊Grandma says her own life was even simpler than Mom's.
🔊She had no TV, no phone, no candy.
🔊"You children today are luckier," she always says.
🔊I think every time has its happy things.
🔊Mom misses the stars.
🔊I love my games.
🔊But we both love family dinners the most.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
than/ðæn/conj. 比
childhood/ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/n. 童年
simple/ˈsɪmpl/adj. 简单的
simpler/ˈsɪmplə/adj. 更简单的
quieter/ˈkwaɪətə/adj. 更安静的
darker/ˈdɑːkə/adj. 更暗的
busier/ˈbɪziə/adj. 更忙的;更热闹的
colorful/ˈkʌləfl/adj. 多彩的
tablet/ˈtæblət/n. 平板电脑
robot/ˈrəʊbɒt/n. 机器人
fewer/ˈfjuːə/adj. 更少的(用于可数)
even/ˈiːvn/adv. 甚至
lucky/ˈlʌki/adj. 幸运的
luckier/ˈlʌkiə/adj. 更幸运的
miss/mɪs/v. 想念;错过
both/bəʊθ/pron./adj. 两个都
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
thanconj.

用法:比较级后面的"小尾巴"

busier than before — 比以前更热闹

💡 看到 -er 多半要带 than

childhoodn.童年

用法:child(孩子)+ hood(时期)

her childhood — 她的童年

💡 类似:boyhood 男孩时光

simpleadj.简单的

用法:反义词 difficult / complex

simple toys — 简单的玩具

💡 比较级:simpler

simpleradj.更简单的

用法:simple + r → simpler(e 结尾加 r)

even simpler — 甚至更简单

💡 原级:simple

quieteradj.更安静的

用法:quiet + er → quieter

quieter streets — 更安静的街道

💡 反义:noisier 更吵的

darkeradj.更暗的

用法:dark + er → darker

darker at night — 夜里更暗

💡 反义:brighter 更亮的

busieradj.更忙的;更热闹的

用法:busy → busier(去 y 加 ier)

busier streets — 更热闹的街道

💡 原级:busy

colorfuladj.多彩的

用法:color(颜色)+ ful → 满是颜色的

more colorful 更多彩 — 多音节用 more

💡 反义:plain 单调的

tabletn.平板电脑

用法:现代电子产品

I have a tablet. — 我有一个平板。

💡 类似:phone 手机

robotn.机器人

用法:机器做的"人"或"动物"

a robot dog — 一只机器狗

💡 类似:machine 机器

feweradj.更少的(用于可数)

用法:few → fewer,用于可数名词

fewer stars — 更少的星星

💡 不可数用 less

evenadv.甚至

用法:加在比较级前,加强语气

even simpler 甚至更简单 — "还要更"的意思

💡 类似:much 得多

luckyadj.幸运的

用法:比较级 luckier(去 y 加 ier)

You are luckier. — 你们更幸运。

💡 反义:unlucky 不幸的

luckieradj.更幸运的

用法:lucky → luckier(去 y 加 ier)

children today are luckier — 今天的孩子更幸运

💡 原级:lucky

missv.想念;错过

用法:想念某人或某物

Mom misses the stars. — 妈妈想念星星。

💡 近义:long for 渴望

bothpron./adj.两个都

用法:both = 两个都

we both love... — 我们两个都喜欢……

💡 反义:neither 两个都不

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 be different from
与……不同
🔊 childhood
童年时光
🔊 paper dolls
纸娃娃
🔊 wooden blocks
木积木
🔊 many more stars
多得多的星星
🔊 bigger and more colorful
更大更色彩丰富
🔊 a tablet and a robot dog
平板和机器狗

🇨🇳 参考译文

妈妈说她的童年和我的非常不一样。

她的玩具很简单——只有纸娃娃和木头积木。

街道更安静,晚上天空更暗。

她能看到多得多的星星。

我的玩具更大、更多彩。

我有一个平板和一只机器狗。

街道比以前热闹。到处都是车。

但我现在能看到的星星更少了。

奶奶说她自己的生活甚至比妈妈的还简单。

她那时没有电视,没有电话,没有糖。

"你们这些孩子今天更幸运,"她总是这样说。

我觉得每个时代都有它快乐的事。

妈妈想念星星。我喜欢我的游戏。

但我们都最爱一家人吃晚饭。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:形容词比较级
A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B
📐 句型拆解
▸ 短词 + er taller, bigger, happier
▸ 长词 + more more beautiful
▸ 不规则 good→better, bad→worse
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 My toys are bigger than Mom's. 我的玩具比妈妈的大。
🔊 You are luckier than us. 你比我们幸运。
⚠️ 比较两个东西时用比较级,记住后面常跟 than。

一、什么是比较级?

比较两样东西,谁……,就要用比较级

句型:A + be 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B

The streets are busier than before. — 街道比以前热闹。
My toys are bigger than Mom's. — 我的玩具比妈妈的大。
You children are luckier than us. — 你们孩子比我们幸运。
💡 看到 -ermore,后面常常跟 than(比)。如果上下文已经清楚,than 也可以省。

对比:原级 vs 比较级

The streets are busy. The streets are busier than before.  热闹 → 比以前更热闹
My toys are big. My toys are bigger.  大 → 更大
Mom's life was simple. Grandma's life was simpler.  简单 → 更简单
I am lucky. You are luckier than me.  幸运 → 比我更幸运

二、比较级的 5 种变化规则

不同的形容词,加 -er 的方法不一样。一共有 5 种规则。

规则1:一般情况,直接加 -er

tall(高的) taller  直接加 er
quiet(安静的) quieter  直接加 er
dark(暗的) darker  直接加 er
short(矮的) shorter  直接加 er
cheap(便宜的) cheaper  直接加 er
The streets were quieter then. — 那时街道更安静。
The sky is darker at night. — 夜里天空更暗。

规则2:以 -e 结尾,只加 -r

simple(简单的) simpler  加 r
nice(好的) nicer  加 r
large(大的) larger  加 r
late(晚的) later  加 r
wide(宽的) wider  加 r
Grandma's life was simpler. — 奶奶的生活更简单。
My room is larger than yours. — 我的房间比你的大。

规则3:重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母 + er(一个元音 + 一个辅音结尾)

big(大的) bigger  双写 g + er
hot(热的) hotter  双写 t + er
thin(瘦的) thinner  双写 n + er
fat(胖的) fatter  双写 t + er
sad(伤心的) sadder  双写 d + er
My toys are bigger than Mom's. — 我的玩具比妈妈的大。
Today is hotter than yesterday. — 今天比昨天热。
⚠️ 怎么判断"重读闭音节"?看:① 一个元音字母 ② 后面只有一个辅音字母 ③ 整词只有一个音节。big、hot、thin、fat 都符合。

规则4:辅音字母 + y 结尾,去 y 加 ier

busy(忙的) busier  去 y → ier
happy(开心的) happier  去 y → ier
lucky(幸运的) luckier  去 y → ier
easy(容易的) easier  去 y → ier
heavy(重的) heavier  去 y → ier
Streets are busier than before. — 街道比以前热闹。
You are luckier than us. — 你们比我们幸运。

规则5:多音节词(长单词),前面加 more

colorful(多彩的) more colorful  前面加 more
interesting(有趣的) more interesting  前面加 more
beautiful(美丽的) more beautiful  前面加 more
careful(仔细的) more careful  前面加 more
difficult(难的) more difficult  前面加 more
My toys are more colorful. — 我的玩具更多彩。
This book is more interesting than that one. — 这本书比那本有意思。

三、不规则比较级(要单独记!)

有几个常用形容词不按规则变化,必须背下来。

good / well(好的 / 好地) better  更好的 / 更好地
bad(坏的) worse  更坏的
many / much(多的) more  更多的
few(少的,可数) fewer  更少的(可数)
little(少的,不可数) less  更少的(不可数)
Mom could see many more stars. — 妈妈能看到多得多的星星。
I can see fewer stars now. — 我现在能看到更少的星星。
My English is better than last year. — 我的英语比去年好。
Today is worse than yesterday. — 今天比昨天糟。
🎵 口诀:好变 better,坏变 worse,多变 more,少变 fewer / less。
💡 fewer vs less:能数的(star, friend, book)用 fewer;不能数的(water, time, milk)用 less。

四、much / even + 比较级(加强语气)

在比较级前加 much(……得多)或 even(甚至更……),让对比更强烈。

much + 比较级(……得多)

Mom could see many more stars. — 妈妈能看到多得多的星星。
My bag is much heavier than yours. — 我的包比你的重得多。
She is much braver now. — 她现在勇敢得多。

even + 比较级(甚至更……)

Grandma's life was even simpler than Mom's. — 奶奶的生活甚至比妈妈的更简单。
This book is even more interesting. — 这本书甚至更有意思。
⚠️ much / even 都要放在比较级前面,不能放原级前。不能说 "much busy",要说 "much busier"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Her toys were simple — just paper dolls and wooden blocks.
她的玩具很简单——只有纸娃娃和木头积木。
1. toys 是复数,过去式用 were。
2. simple 简单的(比较级 simpler)。
3. 破折号 — 表示"也就是说",后面是举例说明。
📝 即练:
填空:My toys ___ colorful.(现在时) → are (toys 复数 + 现在 → are。)
填空:simple 的比较级是 ___ → simpler (e 结尾加 r。)
🔊
The streets are busier than before.
街道比以前热闹。
1. busier = busy 去 y 加 ier。
2. than before = 比以前。
3. streets 是复数,所以用 are。
📝 即练:
填空:The road is ___ than before.(busy) → busier (busy → busier。)
填空:This bag is heavier ___ that one. → than (比较级后跟 than。)
🔊
Grandma's life was even simpler than Mom's.
奶奶的生活甚至比妈妈的更简单。
1. even + 比较级 = 甚至更……(比已经简单的还要简单)。
2. simpler = simple 加 r。
3. Mom's = Mom's life,省略了 life 避免重复。
📝 即练:
填空:This is ___ harder than that.(甚至) → even (甚至更…用 even + 比较级。)
改错:Grandma's life was much more simpler. → much simpler / even simpler (simple 是单音节,用 simpler 不用 more simpler。much / even 都可以加强。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:比较级的 5 种变化规则
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:童年)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:更简单的)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:更安静的)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:更黑的)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:更忙的)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:彩色的)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:童年 首字母:c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思: 首字母:t _ _ _ →
3意思:简单的 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:安静的 首字母:q _ _ _ _ →
5意思:彩色的 首字母:c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
6意思:木块 首字母:b _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:写出下列形容词的比较级(共 8 题)

注意 5 种变化规则:直接加 er / 加 r / y变i+er / 双写+er / more

1🔊tall(高的)→ ___
2🔊large(大的)→ ___
3🔊happy(开心的)→ ___
4🔊big(大的)→ ___
5🔊beautiful(美丽的)→ ___
6🔊good(好的)→ ___
7🔊bad(坏的)→ ___
8🔊thin(瘦的)→ ___

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用括号词的比较级填空(共 8 题)

用括号里形容词的比较级形式完成句子:

1🔊Tom is than Sam. (tall)
2🔊My bag is than Mom's bag. (big)
3🔊She is than her sister. (happy)
4🔊This book is than that book. (interesting)
5🔊The sky was last night than tonight. (dark)
6🔊Math is than science. (easy)
7🔊His grade is than last time. (good)
8🔊The weather is today. (bad)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成比较级句子(共 6 题)

根据中文意思完成英文句子(注意比较级 + than 结构):

1🔊我的玩具比妈妈的玩具大。My toys are than .
2🔊街道比以前更安静。The streets .
3🔊天空昨晚比今晚更暗。The sky was .
4🔊我的故事比他的故事有趣。My story is his story.
5🔊她比她姐姐幸运。She is her sister.
6🔊他的英语比我的英语好。His English is my English.

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊Tom is tall. Sam is short. (用 than 合并)
2🔊My toys are big. Mom's toys are small. (用 than 合并)
3🔊The streets are quiet today. (改为"昨天比今天更安静")
4🔊This book is interesting. (改为比较级,加 "than that book")
5🔊She is busy. (改为"她妈妈比她更忙")

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Tom is more taller than Sam. 🔊
2My bag is biger than Mom's bag. 🔊
3She is happyer than her sister. 🔊
4This is interestinger than that. 🔊
5The sky was more darker last night. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. paper dolls 与……不同
🔊2. wooden blocks 更安静的街道
🔊3. quieter streets 木积木
🔊4. much more colorful 纸娃娃
🔊5. different from 色彩丰富得多
🔊6. many more stars 多得多的星星

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1我的玩具比妈妈的玩具大。 🔊
2那时候天空更暗。 🔊
3街道更安静。 🔊
4🔊Her toys were simpler than my toys.
5🔊She could see many more stars.
6🔊My toys are bigger and more colorful.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊What were Mom's toys like?
2🔊Why could Mom see more stars?
3🔊How are the speaker's toys different?
4🔊Were the streets quieter in Mom's childhood?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 形容词比较级 -er 变形规则

比较两个事物用比较级——形式取决于词长和拼写规则:

规则 1:大部分词直接 + er
  tall → taller long → longer quiet → quieter

规则 2:以 e 结尾,直接 + r
  large → larger nice → nicer wide → wider

规则 3:辅音+y 结尾,y 变 i + er
  happy → happier easy → easier busy → busier

规则 4:重读闭音节(短元音+单辅音),双写最后辅音 + er
  big → bigger hot → hotter thin → thinner

📐 句型:A + 比较级 + than + B
  My mom's childhood was simpler than mine.

👧 英语文化小常识 · Childhood Memories 童年文化对比

英美的童年和今天中国的孩子童年差别很大——这一课让孩子思考两代人成长方式的变化。

📺 父母小时候 vs 现在
📻 父母:广播、彩色电视刚出现、纸质书
📱 现在:iPad、AI、3D 电影、TikTok

🎨 美国典型的 80/90 后童年
🚲 周末骑自行车在街区玩到天黑
📺 周六早上看 cartoons(动画片)
📞 家里只有 landline(座机),没手机
📦 玩 Lego、Barbie、Hot Wheels
📚 在 library 借书读

💬 美国父母常说:"Things were simpler when I was your age."
  (我那时候的事情更简单。)

💡 这也是英语 "the good old days"(美好的旧时光)的来源!

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了什么是比较级?
✅ 我掌握了比较级的 5 种变化规则
✅ 我掌握了不规则比较级(要单独记!)
✅ 我掌握了much / even + 比较级(加强语气)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 3 · The week I was sick 我生病的那一周

新知识点:规则动词过去式:加 -ed + 过去式 -ed 的 4 种变化规则

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 3

Lesson 3 · 我生病的那一周

The week I was sick
📚 规则动词过去式 -ed

📖 Text 课文

我生病的那一周
🤒💊🌡️🏠
Lesson 3
🔊Last week, I was sick.
🔊I coughed a lot and stayed in bed.
🔊I didn't play.
🔊I didn't laugh.
🔊I just slept.
🔊Mom cooked soup for me every day.
🔊She watched me sleep and held my hand at night.
🔊My friends called me on the phone.
🔊They asked when I would come back.
🔊I missed school.
🔊I missed the playground.
🔊I missed everyone.
🔊The days passed slowly, like a long quiet song.
🔊This week, I am back at school!
🔊I jumped on the playground and laughed with my friends.
🔊I talked too much in class — the teacher smiled at me.
🔊Last week was so quiet.
🔊This week is full of life.
🔊But I learned one thing: I love being healthy, and I love my mom.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
coughed/kɒft/v. 咳嗽(过去式)
stayed/steɪd/v. 待;停留(过去式)
cooked/kʊkt/v. 做饭;煮(过去式)
soup/suːp/n. 汤
watched/wɒtʃt/v. 看(过去式)
held/held/v. 握住;抱(过去式)
called/kɔːld/v. 打电话;叫(过去式)
asked/ɑːskt/v. 问(过去式)
missed/mɪst/v. 想念;错过(过去式)
playground/ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/n. 操场;游乐场
passed/pɑːst/v. 过去;经过(过去式)
jumped/dʒʌmpt/v. 跳(过去式)
laughed/lɑːft/v. 笑(过去式)
talked/tɔːkt/v. 说话(过去式)
smiled/smaɪld/v. 微笑(过去式)
learned/lɜːnd/v. 学到(过去式)
healthy/ˈhelθi/adj. 健康的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
coughedv.咳嗽(过去式)

用法:cough + ed → coughed,-ed 读 /t/

I coughed a lot. — 我咳得很厉害。

💡 原形:cough

stayedv.待;停留(过去式)

用法:stay + ed → stayed,-ed 读 /d/

I stayed in bed. — 我躺在床上。

💡 原形:stay

cookedv.做饭;煮(过去式)

用法:cook + ed → cooked,-ed 读 /t/

Mom cooked soup. — 妈妈熬了汤。

💡 原形:cook

soupn.

用法:生病时常喝的食物

cook soup 熬汤 — 热汤暖胃

💡 类似:juice 果汁

watchedv.看(过去式)

用法:watch + ed → watched,-ed 读 /t/

She watched me sleep. — 她看着我睡。

💡 原形:watch

heldv.握住;抱(过去式)

用法:hold → held,<strong>不规则</strong>

She held my hand. — 她握着我的手。

💡 hold (现在) / held (过去)

calledv.打电话;叫(过去式)

用法:call + ed → called,-ed 读 /d/

My friends called me. — 朋友们打电话给我。

💡 原形:call

askedv.问(过去式)

用法:ask + ed → asked,-ed 读 /t/

They asked me a question. — 他们问我一个问题。

💡 反义:answer 回答

missedv.想念;错过(过去式)

用法:miss + ed → missed,-ed 读 /t/

I missed school. — 我想念学校。

💡 原形:miss

playgroundn.操场;游乐场

用法:play(玩)+ ground(地)

on the playground — 在操场上

💡 类似:park 公园

passedv.过去;经过(过去式)

用法:pass + ed → passed,-ed 读 /t/

The days passed slowly. — 日子过得很慢。

💡 原形:pass

jumpedv.跳(过去式)

用法:jump + ed → jumped,-ed 读 /t/

I jumped on the playground. — 我在操场上跳。

💡 原形:jump

laughedv.笑(过去式)

用法:laugh + ed → laughed,-ed 读 /t/

I laughed with my friends. — 我和朋友们一起笑。

💡 原形:laugh

talkedv.说话(过去式)

用法:talk + ed → talked,-ed 读 /t/

I talked too much. — 我说得太多了。

💡 原形:talk

smiledv.微笑(过去式)

用法:smile + d → smiled(e 结尾加 d),-ed 读 /d/

The teacher smiled at me. — 老师对我笑了。

💡 原形:smile

learnedv.学到(过去式)

用法:learn + ed → learned,-ed 读 /d/

I learned one thing. — 我学到一件事。

💡 原形:learn

healthyadj.健康的

用法:health(健康)+ y

I love being healthy. — 我爱健康。

💡 反义:sick 生病的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 be sick
生病
🔊 cough a lot
咳嗽得厉害
🔊 stay in bed
躺在床上
🔊 cook soup for sb.
给某人做汤
🔊 feel better
感觉好些
🔊 go back to school
回学校
🔊 all day
一整天

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周我生病了。我咳得很厉害,躺在床上。

我没玩。我没笑。我只是睡。

妈妈每天给我熬汤。

她看着我睡,晚上握着我的手。

我的朋友们打电话给我。

他们问我什么时候回来。

我想念学校。我想念操场。我想念每一个人。

日子过得很慢,像一首又长又安静的歌。

这周,我回学校了!

我在操场上跳,和朋友们一起笑。

我在课堂上话说得太多——老师对我笑了。

上周那么安静。这周满是活力。

但我学到了一件事:我爱健康,我爱我妈妈。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:规则动词过去式 -ed
主语 + 动词 + ed + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ 一般情况 +ed cooked, asked, watched
▸ e 结尾 +d liked, lived, loved
▸ 辅音+y → ied studied, cried, tried
▸ 双写+ed stopped, planned, hugged
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Mom cooked soup for me. 妈妈给我做了汤。
🔊 I stayed in bed all day. 我整天待在床上。
⏰ 过去发生的动作用过去式:动词原形 → 加 -ed。

一、规则动词过去式:加 -ed

动词表示"过去做了什么",要变成过去式。规则动词在原形后加 -ed

句型:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他

I coughed a lot last week. — 我上周咳得很厉害。
Mom cooked soup for me. — 妈妈给我熬了汤。
My friends called me. — 朋友们打电话给我。
I missed everyone. — 我想念每一个人。
⚠️ 一般过去时主语后是动词过去式,不能再用 was/were 重复!例:I coughed.(不能写成 I was coughed.)

对比:现在 vs 过去

I cough. I coughed last week.  现在咳 / 那时咳了
Mom cooks soup. Mom cooked soup yesterday.  现在 / 昨天
My friends call me. My friends called me.  现在 / 那时
I miss school. I missed school.  现在想念 / 那时想念

二、过去式 -ed 的 4 种变化规则

不同结尾的动词,加 -ed 的方法不一样。

规则1:一般情况,直接加 -ed

cough(咳嗽) coughed  加 ed
cook(做饭) cooked  加 ed
call(打电话) called  加 ed
ask(问) asked  加 ed
jump(跳) jumped  加 ed
laugh(笑) laughed  加 ed
talk(说) talked  加 ed
learn(学) learned  加 ed
Mom cooked soup for me. — 妈妈给我熬了汤。
I jumped on the playground. — 我在操场上跳。

规则2:以 -e 结尾,只加 -d

smile(笑) smiled  加 d
live(住) lived  加 d
like(喜欢) liked  加 d
dance(跳舞) danced  加 d
use(使用) used  加 d
The teacher smiled at me. — 老师对我笑了。
I lived in Beijing. — 我(曾)住在北京。

规则3:重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母 + ed

stop(停) stopped  双写 p + ed
plan(计划) planned  双写 n + ed
hop(蹦) hopped  双写 p + ed
drop(掉) dropped  双写 p + ed
shop(购物) shopped  双写 p + ed
We stopped to eat. — 我们停下来吃饭。
I dropped my pen. — 我把笔掉了。
⚠️ 跟比较级 bigger 的双写规则一样:一个元音 + 一个辅音结尾,且只一个音节。

规则4:辅音字母 + y 结尾,去 y 加 ied

study(学习) studied  去 y → ied
try(试) tried  去 y → ied
cry(哭) cried  去 y → ied
carry(搬) carried  去 y → ied
hurry(匆忙) hurried  去 y → ied
She studied her book. — 她学了她的书。
The baby cried all night. — 宝宝哭了一整夜。
⚠️ 注意是辅音+y。如果是元音+y(如 play、stay、enjoy),直接加 ed → played / stayed / enjoyed。

三、-ed 的 3 种发音

虽然写法都是 -ed,但读音有 3 种/t/、/d/、/ɪd/

1. 清辅音结尾(除 t)→ -ed 读 /t/

coughed /kɒft/  f 后读 /t/
cooked /kʊkt/  k 后读 /t/
jumped /dʒʌmpt/  p 后读 /t/
missed /mɪst/  s 后读 /t/

2. 浊辅音 / 元音结尾(除 d)→ -ed 读 /d/

stayed /steɪd/  元音后读 /d/
called /kɔːld/  l 后读 /d/
smiled /smaɪld/  l 后读 /d/
learned /lɜːnd/  n 后读 /d/

3. /t/ 或 /d/ 结尾 → -ed 读 /ɪd/(多一个音节)

wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/  t 后读 /ɪd/
started /ˈstɑːtɪd/  t 后读 /ɪd/
needed /ˈniːdɪd/  d 后读 /ɪd/
visited /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/  t 后读 /ɪd/
🎵 口诀:清辅 /t/,元浊 /d/,t、d 后面读 /ɪd/。

四、不规则动词预告(先认识 4 个)

有些动词不按 -ed 规则变化,叫不规则动词。今天课文里出现了几个,先认识:

hold(握) held  握住手
sleep(睡) slept  睡着了
feel(感觉) felt  感觉到了
come(来) came  来了
She held my hand at night. — 她晚上握着我的手。
I just slept all day. — 我整天就是睡。
I felt better the next day. — 我第二天感觉好了。
💡 不规则动词没有规律,必须一个一个记。后面的课会系统学,今天先认识就好。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Mom cooked soup for me every day.
妈妈每天给我熬汤。
1. cooked = cook + ed,"做饭(过去)"。
2. -ed 在这里读 /t/(cook 以清辅音 /k/ 结尾)。
3. cook ... for sb. = 给某人做……。
📝 即练:
填空:Last night, Mom ___ dinner for us.(cook 的过去式) → cooked (cook + ed = cooked。)
cooked 的 -ed 读音是 /__/ → t (cook 以清辅音结尾,-ed 读 /t/。)
🔊
I missed school. I missed everyone.
我想念学校。我想念每一个人。
1. missed = miss + ed,"想念(过去)"。
2. miss 既可以是"错过",也可以是"想念"。
3. everyone(每个人)虽然意思像复数,但语法上是单数
📝 即练:
填空:I ___ my mom when I was at camp.(miss 的过去式) → missed (miss + ed = missed。)
missed 的 -ed 读音是 /__/ → t (miss 以清辅音 /s/ 结尾,-ed 读 /t/。)
🔊
The teacher smiled at me.
老师对我笑了。
1. smiled = smile + d(e 结尾只加 d)。
2. smile at sb. = 对某人微笑。
3. -ed 在这里读 /d/(smile 以浊辅音 /l/ 结尾)。
📝 即练:
填空:Mom ___ at me yesterday.(smile 的过去式) → smiled (smile + d = smiled。)
改错:The teacher smileed at me. → smiled (smile 以 e 结尾,只加 d。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:动词过去式 -ed 的 4 种变化规则
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:咳嗽(过去式))
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:待着(过去式))
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:做饭(过去式))
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:汤)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:看(过去式))
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:问(过去式))

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思: 首字母:s _ _ _ →
2意思:咳嗽 首字母:c _ _ _ _ →
3意思:做饭 首字母:c _ _ _ →
4意思:观看 首字母:w _ _ _ _ →
5意思: 首字母:a _ _ →
6意思: 首字母:s _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:写出下列动词的过去式(共 8 题)

注意 4 种变化规则:直接 +ed / 加 -d / y→ied / 双写+ed

1🔊cook → ___
2🔊watch → ___
3🔊like → ___
4🔊study → ___
5🔊stop → ___
6🔊cry → ___
7🔊plan → ___
8🔊hope → ___

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用括号动词的过去式填空(共 8 题)

用括号内动词的过去式填空:

1🔊Last week, I at home. (stay)
2🔊Mom chicken soup. (cook)
3🔊I cartoons all day. (watch)
4🔊Dad the doctor. (call)
5🔊She hard yesterday. (study)
6🔊They playing at 8 pm. (stop)
7🔊The baby all night. (cry)
8🔊He his homework after dinner. (finish)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文句子(只用过去式的肯定式):

1🔊上周我生病了。Last week, I .
2🔊我整天待在床上。I .
3🔊妈妈给我做了汤。Mom .
4🔊我看了一整天的电视。I TV .
5🔊上周课我错过了。I school last week.
6🔊我感觉好多了。I much .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊I stay at home today. (改为"昨天我在家")
2🔊She cooks soup. (改为过去式)
3🔊We watch cartoons. (改为过去式)
4🔊He plays soccer every day. (改为过去式)
5🔊They study English. (改为过去式)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Yesterday I stay at home. 🔊
2She cookd soup for me. 🔊
3Last week he stopd by my house. 🔊
4I studyed hard yesterday. 🔊
5They watch a movie last night. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. stay in bed 照顾
🔊2. chicken soup 鸡汤
🔊3. feel better 一整天
🔊4. a lot of 许多
🔊5. all day 躺在床上
🔊6. take care of 感觉好一些

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1上周我生病了。 🔊
2妈妈给我做了鸡汤。 🔊
3我整天躺在床上。 🔊
4🔊I coughed a lot and stayed in bed.
5🔊Mom cooked soup for me every day.
6🔊I jumped on the playground and laughed.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊When was the speaker sick?
2🔊What did Mom cook?
3🔊Did the speaker play and laugh?
4🔊How does the speaker feel now?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 动词过去式 -ed 变形规则

规则动词的过去式都是加 -ed——但拼写有讲究:

规则 1:大部分动词直接 + ed
  cook → cooked ask → asked watch → watched

规则 2:以 e 结尾,直接 + d
  like → liked hope → hoped live → lived

规则 3:辅音+y 结尾,y 变 i + ed
  study → studied cry → cried try → tried

规则 4:重读闭音节,双写最后辅音 + ed
  stop → stopped plan → planned hug → hugged

🔊 -ed 的 3 种发音
  清辅音后读 /t/:cooked /kʊkt/, watched /wɒtʃt/
  浊辅音/元音后读 /d/:played /pleɪd/, called /kɔːld/
  t/d 后读 /ɪd/:wanted /wɒntɪd/, needed /niːdɪd/

🤒 英语文化小常识 · Sick Days 生病的家庭文化

在英美家庭,孩子生病在家 (stay home sick) 是重要的爱与陪伴时刻:

👨‍👩‍👧 典型流程
🤒 孩子发烧 → 请假在家
🍲 妈妈/爸爸做 chicken soup(鸡汤!经典生病食物)
📺 一起看电影、读故事
💗 family time(家人陪伴)

🍞 美国生病食物 "Comfort Food"
🥣 chicken noodle soup(鸡肉面条汤)—— 经典中的经典!
🍵 ginger tea(姜茶)
🥚 scrambled eggs and toast(炒蛋吐司)
🍌 mashed banana(香蕉泥)

📜 有趣习语
  "Feed a cold, starve a fever"(感冒要吃,发烧要饿——其实是民间说法,没科学依据)
  "An apple a day keeps the doctor away"(一天一苹果,医生远离我)

💡 美国学校通常孩子一发烧就必须在家 24 小时才能回校——保护其他孩子。

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了规则动词过去式:加 -ed
✅ 我掌握了过去式 -ed 的 4 种变化规则
✅ 我掌握了-ed 的 3 种发音
✅ 我掌握了不规则动词预告(先认识 4 个)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 4 · Grandma's birthday 奶奶的生日

新知识点:不规则动词过去式(必须背!) + 规则 + 不规则动词混合使用

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 4

Lesson 4 · 奶奶的生日

Grandma's birthday
📚 过去式综合 · 不规则动词

📖 Text 课文

奶奶的生日
🎂🎁👵🎉
Lesson 4
🔊Grandma is a very quiet person.
🔊Every day, she reads the paper, waters her flowers,
🔊and looks at old photos of us.
🔊But last Sunday was her birthday, and Grandma was different!
🔊All of us came to her house.
🔊Mom made a big cake.
🔊Dad sang a funny song.
🔊Grandma laughed so much that her eyes filled with tears.
🔊She danced with my little brother.
🔊She gave each of us a red envelope.
🔊She told stories about when she was young.
🔊In the evening, Grandma sat on the balcony with me.
🔊She held my hand and said, "Today was my best day in years."
🔊I hugged her tight.
🔊I had never seen her so happy before.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
paper/ˈpeɪpə/n. 报纸;纸
water/ˈwɔːtə/v. 浇水
came/keɪm/v. 来(过去式)
made/meɪd/v. 做;制作(过去式)
sang/sæŋ/v. 唱(过去式)
tear/tɪə/n. 眼泪
gave/ɡeɪv/v. 给(过去式)
envelope/ˈenvələʊp/n. 信封
told/təʊld/v. 讲;告诉(过去式)
sat/sæt/v. 坐(过去式)
balcony/ˈbælkəni/n. 阳台
held/held/v. 握;抱(过去式)
hugged/hʌɡd/v. 拥抱(过去式)
tight/taɪt/adv./adj. 紧紧地;紧的
never/ˈnevə/adv. 从不;从未
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
papern.报纸;纸

用法:the paper = the newspaper

read the paper — 读报纸

💡 近义:newspaper 报纸

waterv.浇水

用法:名词水 → 动词浇水

water the flowers — 浇花

💡 过去式:watered

camev.来(过去式)

用法:come → came,<strong>不规则</strong>

All of us came. — 我们都来了。

💡 come (现在) / came (过去)

madev.做;制作(过去式)

用法:make → made,<strong>不规则</strong>

Mom made a cake. — 妈妈做了蛋糕。

💡 make (现在) / made (过去)

sangv.唱(过去式)

用法:sing → sang,<strong>不规则</strong>

Dad sang a song. — 爸爸唱了一首歌。

💡 sing (现在) / sang (过去)

tearn.眼泪

用法:复数 tears

eyes filled with tears — 眼里满是泪

💡 动词:cry 哭

gavev.给(过去式)

用法:give → gave,<strong>不规则</strong>

She gave each of us a gift. — 她给我们每人一个礼物。

💡 give (现在) / gave (过去)

envelopen.信封

用法:red envelope = 红包

a red envelope — 一个红包

💡 类似:letter 信

toldv.讲;告诉(过去式)

用法:tell → told,<strong>不规则</strong>

She told stories. — 她讲了故事。

💡 tell (现在) / told (过去)

satv.坐(过去式)

用法:sit → sat,<strong>不规则</strong>

She sat on the balcony. — 她坐在阳台上。

💡 sit (现在) / sat (过去)

balconyn.阳台

用法:楼房外的小平台

on the balcony — 在阳台上

💡 类似:terrace 露台

heldv.握;抱(过去式)

用法:hold → held,<strong>不规则</strong>

She held my hand. — 她握着我的手。

💡 hold (现在) / held (过去)

huggedv.拥抱(过去式)

用法:hug 双写 g 加 ed → hugged

I hugged her tight. — 我紧紧抱住她。

💡 原形:hug

tightadv./adj.紧紧地;紧的

用法:hold tight = 抱紧

hold tight 紧紧抱 — 反义:loose 松的

💡 反义:loose 松的

neveradv.从不;从未

用法:强烈否定,比 not 更绝对

I had never seen her so happy. — 我从没见她这么开心过。

💡 反义:always 总是

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a quiet person
一个安静的人
🔊 water her flowers
给她的花浇水
🔊 all of us
我们所有人
🔊 make a big cake
做一个大蛋糕
🔊 sing happy birthday
唱生日快乐歌
🔊 have tears in eyes
眼里含泪
🔊 a wonderful day
美好的一天

🇨🇳 参考译文

奶奶是一个很安静的人。

每天她读报纸,浇花,

看我们的老照片。

但上周日是她的生日,奶奶变得不一样了!

我们所有人都来到她家。

妈妈做了一个大蛋糕。爸爸唱了一首搞笑的歌。

奶奶笑得眼里都是泪。

她和我弟弟跳了舞。她给我们每人一个红包。

她讲了她年轻时候的故事。

晚上,奶奶和我坐在阳台上。

她握着我的手说:"今天是我这些年最好的一天。"

我紧紧抱住她。我从没见她这么开心过。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:不规则动词过去式
主语 + 动词的不规则过去式 + ...
📐 句型拆解
▸ go → went come → came
▸ see → saw eat → ate
▸ make → made give → gave
▸ sing → sang have → had
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 All of us came to her house. 我们都来到她家。
🔊 I gave her a card. 我给了她一张卡片。
📝 不按 -ed 规则!每个都要单独背!

一、不规则动词过去式(必须背!)

上一课我们学了规则动词加 -ed。但有很多常用动词不按规则变化,必须一个一个背。

课文里出现的不规则动词:

come(来) came  我们来了
make(做) made  妈妈做了蛋糕
sing(唱) sang  爸爸唱了歌
give(给) gave  奶奶给红包
tell(讲) told  她讲了故事
sit(坐) sat  她坐在阳台上
hold(握) held  她握着我的手
see(看见) saw  我看见了
eat(吃) ate  我们吃了
have(有) had  我们玩得开心
All of us came to her house. — 我们都来到她家。
Mom made a big cake. — 妈妈做了大蛋糕。
She gave each of us a red envelope. — 她给我们每人一个红包。
She told stories about when she was young. — 她讲了她年轻时的故事。
💡 不规则动词没有规律,只能死记硬背。但常用的就那几十个,记下来就够用。

二、规则 + 不规则动词混合使用

一段话里通常会同时出现规则动词不规则动词

规则动词(加 -ed):

laugh laughed  加 ed
dance danced  加 d
hug hugged  双写 + ed
cry cried  去 y 加 ied

不规则动词(要单独记):

come came  不规则
sing sang  不规则
sit sat  不规则
hold held  不规则
Grandma laughed so much, and I hugged her tight. — 奶奶笑得很厉害,我紧紧抱住她。
Dad sang a song, and Mom danced with us. — 爸爸唱了歌,妈妈和我们跳了舞。
⚠️ 看到一个动词,先想:是规则的吗?如果不是常见词,多半是规则的;如果是 go/come/eat/see 这种常用词,多半不规则。

三、so + 形容词 + that(如此……以至于)

so + 形容词 + that + 结果,表示"程度太……以至于发生了某事"。

Grandma laughed so much that her eyes filled with tears. — 奶奶笑得太厉害了,眼里都是泪。
I was so happy that I couldn't sleep. — 我太开心了,睡不着。
The cake was so big that we couldn't finish it. — 蛋糕太大了,我们吃不完。
She talked so fast that I didn't understand. — 她说得太快,我没听懂。
💡 so + 副词 也行,不只是形容词。例如 so much(太多)、so fast(太快)。

四、each of us(我们每人)

each of + 复数代词 / 名词 = ……每一个。后面动词用单数

She gave each of us a red envelope. — 她给我们每人一个红包。
Each of you has a job. — 你们每个人都有一份工作。
Each of the children was happy. — 每个孩子都很开心。
⚠️ each 强调"每一个"(单数),后面动词要用单数形式(has / was)。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Mom made a big cake.
妈妈做了一个大蛋糕。
1. made = make 的过去式(不规则)。
2. 句型:主语 + 过去式动词 + 宾语。
3. 不能写成 "Mom maked"(那是错的)。
📝 即练:
填空:Yesterday Dad ___ dinner.(make 的过去式) → made (make → made。)
改错:She maked a cake. → made (make 是不规则,过去式 made。)
🔊
She gave each of us a red envelope.
她给我们每人一个红包。
1. gave = give 的过去式(不规则)。
2. 句型:give + 人 + 物 = 给某人某物。
3. each of us = 我们每人。
📝 即练:
填空:Mom ___ me a gift.(give 的过去式) → gave (give → gave。)
填空:She gave ___ ___ ___ a candy.(我们每人) → each of us (each of us 我们每人。)
🔊
I had never seen her so happy before.
我从没见她这么开心过。
1. never = 从不、从未(强烈否定)。
2. so + 形容词 = 这么……。
3. 这是更高级的句型,先理解整体意思就好。
📝 即练:
填空:I have ___ seen such a big cake.(从未) → never (never = 从未。)
翻译:她笑得这么开心。 She laughed ___ happily. → so (so + 副词 = 这么……。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:不规则动词过去式(必背!)
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:come 的过去式)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:make 的过去式)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:sing 的过去式)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:give 的过去式)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:信封)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:眼泪)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:信封 首字母:e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:眼泪 首字母:t _ _ _ →
3意思:生日 首字母:b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:卡片 首字母:c _ _ _ →
5意思: 首字母:g _ _ _ →
6意思: 首字母:s _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:写出下列不规则动词的过去式(共 8 题)

⚠️ 这些都是不规则变化,必须背!

1🔊come → ___
2🔊make → ___
3🔊sing → ___
4🔊give → ___
5🔊go → ___
6🔊see → ___
7🔊eat → ___
8🔊have → ___

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用括号动词的过去式填空(共 8 题)

注意区分规则动词和不规则动词:

1🔊All of us to her house. (come)
2🔊We her favorite cake. (make)
3🔊Grandma with us. (sing)
4🔊I her a card. (give)
5🔊She a wonderful day. (have)
6🔊We cake together. (eat)
7🔊Mom to the store yesterday. (go)
8🔊He his friend in the park. (see)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成句子:

1🔊我们都来到奶奶家。All of us Grandma's house.
2🔊我们做了她最爱的蛋糕。We her .
3🔊奶奶眼里有泪水。Grandma her eyes.
4🔊我给了她一张卡片。I her .
5🔊我们一起唱歌。We .
6🔊那是美好的一天。It .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊All of us come to her house. (改为过去式)
2🔊Grandma sings happy songs. (改为过去式)
3🔊I give her a card every year. (改为"去年我给了她卡片")
4🔊We make a cake. (改为过去式)
5🔊She has tears in her eyes. (改为过去式)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1We comed to her house last Sunday. 🔊
2She singed a happy song. 🔊
3I gived her a present. 🔊
4Mom maked a big cake. 🔊
5They eated all the food. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. last Sunday 上个星期日
🔊2. an envelope 美好的一天
🔊3. tears in eyes 一个信封
🔊4. favorite cake 眼里的泪水
🔊5. a wonderful day 最爱的蛋糕
🔊6. a happy birthday 生日快乐

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1我们都来到了她家。 🔊
2我给了奶奶一张卡片。 🔊
3奶奶眼里有泪水。 🔊
4🔊We made her favorite cake.
5🔊Grandma sang with us happily.
6🔊It was a wonderful day.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊Whose birthday was it last Sunday?
2🔊What did the family make?
3🔊Why did Grandma have tears in her eyes?
4🔊What did the speaker give Grandma?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 不规则动词过去式 · 必记表

英语里很多常用动词的过去式不按 -ed 规则——必须死记!

🔸 核心 20 个高频不规则动词
  go → went come → came see → saw
  eat → ate drink → drank make → made
  do → did have → had get → got
  say → said tell → told give → gave
  take → took bring → brought buy → bought
  sing → sang write → wrote read → read(读 /red/)
  run → ran swim → swam fly → flew

💡 规律分组
  i → a:sing/sang, drink/drank, swim/swam, run/ran
  i → o:write/wrote, drive/drove, ride/rode
  -ought:bring/brought, buy/bought, think/thought

📚 课文里的 came / made / sang / gave 都是不规则!多读多用就记住了。

🎂 英语文化小常识 · Birthday Cards 美式生日卡片

英美的生日非常重视 birthday cards(生日卡片)——不论年龄,从孩子到爷爷奶奶都收:

💌 典型生日卡内容
🎈 Happy Birthday!
🌹 Wishing you a wonderful day!
💐 May all your dreams come true!
🎂 Have a fantastic year ahead!

👵 给奶奶/外婆的特别卡片
  "Grandma, you are the sweetest person I know!"
  "Thank you for always loving me!"

🎁 美国家庭生日传统
🎂 切蛋糕 + 吹蜡烛 + 许愿
🎤 全家合唱 "Happy Birthday to You"
📸 拍 "the candle blowing" 照片
🎁 拆礼物(每个礼物拆开都要说 "I love it! Thank you!")

💡 美国人 milestone birthdays(重要生日):
  🎓 16 岁(sweet sixteen 甜蜜十六)
  🍷 21 岁(合法饮酒年龄)
  🎊 50/60/70/80 岁会办大派对

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了不规则动词过去式(必须背!)
✅ 我掌握了规则 + 不规则动词混合使用
✅ 我掌握了so + 形容词 + that(如此……以至于)
✅ 我掌握了each of us(我们每人)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 5 · The lost phone 丢手机记

新知识点:一般过去时的疑问句 + 特殊疑问词 + did

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 5

Lesson 5 · 丢手机记

The lost phone
📚 一般过去时疑问句

📖 Text 课文

丢手机记
📱😱🔍
Lesson 5
🔊A: You looked so worried yesterday.
🔊What happened?
🔊B: I lost my phone!
🔊It was a terrible day.
🔊A: When did you lose it?
🔊Where were you?
🔊B: I had it in the library at 9.
🔊On the way home I felt my pocket — it was gone!
🔊A: Did you look for it?
🔊B: Of course!
🔊I checked the classroom, the playground, the cafeteria, and the road.
🔊A: Did you call your phone?
🔊B: Yes, but the battery was dead.
🔊No sound at all.
🔊A: So did you find it?
🔊B: Yes!
🔊It was under a chair in the library.
🔊A boy gave it back to me.
🔊A: What did you do then?
🔊B: I tied a string around it and put it on my neck.
🔊A: Hahaha!
🔊Are you serious?
🔊B: Very serious.
🔊Now I touch my pocket every five minutes — it's a habit!

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
worried/ˈwʌrid/adj. 担心的;着急的
happen/ˈhæpən/v. 发生
lost/lɒst/v. 丢了(过去式)
terrible/ˈterəbl/adj. 糟糕的;可怕的
pocket/ˈpɒkɪt/n. 口袋
gone/ɡɒn/adj./v. 不见了;走了
check/tʃek/v. 检查;查找
cafeteria/ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/n. 食堂
battery/ˈbætəri/n. 电池
dead/ded/adj. 没电的;死的
sound/saʊnd/n. 声音
tied/taɪd/v. 系;绑(过去式)
string/strɪŋ/n. 绳子;细线
neck/nek/n. 脖子
serious/ˈsɪəriəs/adj. 认真的;严肃的
habit/ˈhæbɪt/n. 习惯
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
worriedadj.担心的;着急的

用法:worry(担心)+ ed

You looked worried. — 你看起来很慌。

💡 近义:anxious 焦虑的

happenv.发生

用法:过去式 happened

What happened? — 发生了什么?

💡 近义:occur 发生

lostv.丢了(过去式)

用法:lose → lost,<strong>不规则</strong>

I lost my phone. — 我把手机丢了。

💡 lose (现在) / lost (过去)

terribleadj.糟糕的;可怕的

用法:比 bad 程度更深

a terrible day — 糟糕的一天

💡 反义:great 很棒的

pocketn.口袋

用法:衣服上的小袋子

feel my pocket — 摸口袋

💡 类似:bag 包

goneadj./v.不见了;走了

用法:go 的过去分词,常做形容词

It was gone! — 它不见了!

💡 近义:missing 不见的

checkv.检查;查找

用法:过去式 checked

I checked the classroom. — 我查了教室。

💡 近义:look at 查看

cafeterian.食堂

用法:学校或公司的吃饭地方

school cafeteria — 学校食堂

💡 类似:canteen 食堂

batteryn.电池

用法:battery dead = 没电了

The battery was dead. — 电池没电了。

💡 类似:power 电力

deadadj.没电的;死的

用法:battery dead = 电池没电(口语)

My phone is dead. — 我手机没电了。

💡 反义:alive 活的

soundn.声音

用法:no sound at all = 一点声都没

No sound at all. — 一点声都没有。

💡 类似:noise 噪音

tiedv.系;绑(过去式)

用法:tie + d → tied(e 结尾加 d)

I tied a string. — 我系了根绳子。

💡 原形:tie

stringn.绳子;细线

用法:细的绳子

a piece of string — 一根绳子

💡 类似:rope 粗绳

neckn.脖子

用法:身体部位

put on my neck — 挂在脖子上

💡 类似:head 头

seriousadj.认真的;严肃的

用法:Are you serious? = 你认真的?

Very serious. — 非常认真。

💡 反义:joking 开玩笑的

habitn.习惯

用法:经常做的事就成习惯

It's a habit. — 成习惯了。

💡 类似:routine 例行

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 look worried
看起来担心
🔊 What happened?
发生了什么?
🔊 lose one's phone
丢手机
🔊 a terrible day
糟糕的一天
🔊 in my pocket
在口袋里
🔊 check everywhere
到处找
🔊 be gone
不见了

🇨🇳 参考译文

A:你昨天看起来好慌。怎么了?

B:我手机丢了!真是糟糕的一天。

A:你什么时候丢的?你在哪儿?

B:早上 9 点我在图书馆还有手机。回家的路上我摸口袋——没了!

A:你找了吗?

B:当然!我找了教室、操场、食堂,还有路上。

A:你给自己打电话了吗?

B:打了,但没电了。一点声音都没有。

A:那你找到了吗?

B:找到了!在图书馆一把椅子下面。一个男孩还给我了。

A:你后来做了什么?

B:我用绳子把它绑起来,挂在脖子上。

A:哈哈哈!你认真的吗?

B:非常认真。现在我每 5 分钟就摸一次口袋——成习惯了!

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去时疑问句
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ?
📐 句型拆解
▸ 一般疑问 Did you lose it?
▸ 特殊疑问 What did you do?
▸ 否定句 I didn't see it.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Did you lose your phone? 你丢了手机吗?
🔊 Where did you go? 你去哪儿了?
⚠️ 用了 did,动词必须变回原形!不能说 "Did you saw",要说 "Did you see"。

一、一般过去时的疑问句

想问"过去发生了什么"?把句子变成疑问句。规则跟现在时一样,但 do/does 变成 did,be 动词变成 was/were

1. 一般动词的疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?

Did you look for it? — 你找了吗?
Did you find it? — 你找到了吗?
Did she call you yesterday? — 她昨天给你打电话了吗?
⚠️ 用了 did,后面动词必须用原形不能说 "Did you found it?",要说 "Did you find it?"

2. be 动词的疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + ……?

Were you at the library? — 你(那时)在图书馆吗?
Was the phone in your pocket? — 手机(那时)在你口袋里吗?
Were they happy? — 他们(那时)开心吗?

3. 回答方式

Did you look for it? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.  一般动词疑问
Was the battery dead? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.  be 动词疑问
Were you worried? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.  be 动词疑问

二、特殊疑问词 + did

想问"什么 / 哪里 / 什么时候 / 怎么 / 为什么"?把疑问词放在 did 前面。

结构:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形?

What did you do then? — 你后来做了什么?
Where did you lose it? — 你在哪丢的?
When did you find it? — 你什么时候找到的?
How did you feel? — 你感觉怎么样?
Why did you cry? — 你为什么哭?

常用疑问词:

What 什么  What did you do?
Where 哪里  Where did you go?
When 什么时候  When did it happen?
Why 为什么  Why did you cry?
How 怎么  How did you find it?
Who  Who did you see?
💡 对 be 动词提问,疑问词 + was/were + 主语:Where were you? / What was it?

三、否定句 didn't

一般动词的过去式否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形

I didn't find my phone at first. — 我一开始没找到手机。
She didn't call me yesterday. — 她昨天没给我打电话。
We didn't go to school last Sunday. — 我们上周日没去上学。
⚠️ didn't 后面动词用原形!不能说 "I didn't found it",要说 "I didn't find it"。

be 动词的否定:was/were + not(缩写 wasn't / weren't)

I wasn't at home. — 我(那时)不在家。
They weren't happy. — 他们(那时)不开心。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
When did you lose it?
你什么时候丢的?
1. 句型:When + did + 主语 + 动词原形?
2. When 问"什么时候"。
3. lose 用原形(不是 lost),因为前面有 did。
📝 即练:
改错:When did you lost it? → lose (did 后面动词用原形。)
填空:___ did you go yesterday?(你昨天去哪了) → Where (Where = 在哪。)
🔊
Did you call your phone?
你给自己打电话了吗?
1. 句型:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ?
2. 回答:Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
3. call sb. = 给某人打电话。
📝 即练:
填空:___ you find it? → Did (一般动词过去时疑问用 Did。)
回答:Did you find it? — Yes, I ___ → did (肯定回答 Yes, I did.)
🔊
I didn't find it at first.
我一开始没找到。
1. didn't = did not,过去式否定。
2. find 用原形(不是 found)。
3. at first = 起初、一开始。
📝 即练:
填空:She ___ come to the party.(didn't / 没来) → didn't (过去否定用 didn't。)
改错:I didn't found my phone. → find (didn't 后用原形。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:过去时疑问句(Did + 主语 + 动词原形)
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:担心的)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:发生)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:lose 的过去式)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:糟糕的)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:口袋)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:检查)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:担心的 首字母:w _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:丢失 首字母:l _ _ _ →
3意思:糟糕的 首字母:t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:口袋 首字母:p _ _ _ _ _ →
5意思:检查 首字母:c _ _ _ _ →
6意思:发生 首字母:h _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:改为一般疑问句(用 Did 开头)(共 6 题)

⚠️ 注意:用了 did 后,动词必须变回原形

1🔊You lost your phone.
2🔊She went home.
3🔊They saw the dog.
4🔊He made a cake.
5🔊We ate dinner.
6🔊Mom cooked soup.

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用 What / Where / When / Who / How 填空(共 8 题)

根据答语填上合适的疑问词:

1🔊 did you lose? — My phone.
2🔊 did you lose it? — Yesterday.
3🔊 did you go? — To the cafeteria.
4🔊 helped you find it? — My friend.
5🔊 did you find it? — Under the desk.
6🔊 did you feel? — Very worried.
7🔊 did you do then? — I checked my pocket.
8🔊 time did it happen? — In the morning.

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文(注意疑问句结构):

1🔊发生了什么? ?
2🔊你丢了手机吗? you your phone?
3🔊你昨天去哪了? you yesterday?
4🔊什么时候丢的? you it?
5🔊我没找到。I it.
6🔊它在我口袋里。It .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊You lost your phone. (改为一般疑问句)
2🔊She found the key. (改为一般疑问句)
3🔊They came home late. (改为"什么时候"疑问句)
4🔊He went to the cafeteria. (改为"去哪里"疑问句)
5🔊I lost my phone. (改为否定句)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Did you lost your phone? 🔊
2Where did she found the key? 🔊
3Do you saw my phone yesterday? 🔊
4When did they came home? 🔊
5Did he went to school? 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. What happened? 在我口袋里
🔊2. a terrible day 餐厅
🔊3. in my pocket 担心……
🔊4. the cafeteria 到处找
🔊5. worried about 糟糕的一天
🔊6. looked everywhere 发生了什么?

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1发生了什么事? 🔊
2你昨天去哪里了? 🔊
3我把手机丢在餐厅了。 🔊
4🔊You looked so worried yesterday.
5🔊I checked my pocket but it was gone.
6🔊Did you find it?

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊Why did B look worried?
2🔊Where did B last have the phone?
3🔊When did B lose the phone?
4🔊Was it a good day for B?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 一般过去时的疑问句构造

过去式的疑问句要用 did(do 的过去式):

📐 构造
  Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
  注意:用了 did,动词必须变回原形

✅ 例子:
  Did you see my phone?(你看见我手机了吗?)
  ❌ Did you saw... ✅ Did you see...
  Did she go home?(她回家了吗?)
  What did you do?(你做了什么?)

🔄 回答
  肯定:Yes, I/he/she/we/they did.
  否定:No, I/he/she/we/they didn't.

⚠️ 例外:be 动词(was/were)疑问句不用 did
  ✅ Were you tired? ❌ Did you be tired?
  ✅ Was she happy? ❌ Did she be happy?

📱 英语文化小常识 · Lost & Found 失物招领文化

丢手机是现代生活最常见的"灾难"!英美社会有完善的 Lost and Found(失物招领)文化:

🏫 学校 Lost and Found
每个学校都有一个 lost-and-found box(失物招领盒)—— 学生丢的衣服、钥匙、书都放这里,定期"Lost and Found Day"让大家来找。

📱 丢手机的对应技巧
🔍 "Find My iPhone"(找回我的 iPhone)—— 苹果手机自带定位
📞 让朋友给你拨电话听铃声
🚇 在公共交通工具:上报 transit authority
🍕 餐厅:retrace your steps(回到吃过的地方)

📜 美式日常用语
  "I lost my phone!" 我丢了手机
  "I can't find my keys anywhere!" 钥匙到处都找不到
  "Have you seen my..." 你见过我的...吗?
  "Where did you have it last?" 你最后在哪用它的?

💡 名言:"Everything is always in the last place you look."
  (东西总是在你找的最后一个地方。)

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了一般过去时的疑问句
✅ 我掌握了特殊疑问词 + did
✅ 我掌握了否定句 didn't

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 6 · Ben learned to ride 本学骑自行车

新知识点:过去式否定句(didn't) + 反身代词

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 6

Lesson 6 · 本学骑自行车

Ben learned to ride
📚 过去式否定句 · 反身代词

📖 Text 课文

本学骑自行车
🚴🛞💪🏞️
Lesson 6
🔊Last Sunday, Ben went to the park alone.
🔊He wanted to learn to ride a bike by himself.
🔊Dad asked, "Do you need help?"
🔊Ben said, "No, I want to do it myself."
🔊At the park, Ben fell many times.
🔊His knee was hurt.
🔊His hands were dirty.
🔊But he didn't cry.
🔊He didn't give up.
🔊He talked to himself, "I can do it.
🔊One more time."
🔊After two hours, Ben finally rode the bike!
🔊He rode all the way home, with the wind in his hair.
🔊Mom couldn't believe her eyes. "Did you do this all by yourself?"
🔊Ben smiled and nodded.
🔊He was very proud of himself.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
alone/əˈləʊn/adv./adj. 独自;一个人
by oneself/baɪ wʌnˈself/phrase 独自;靠自己
myself/maɪˈself/pron. 我自己
himself/hɪmˈself/pron. 他自己
fell/fel/v. 摔倒(过去式)
knee/niː/n. 膝盖
hurt/hɜːt/v./adj. 受伤(过去式同形)
dirty/ˈdɜːti/adj. 脏的
give up/ɡɪv ʌp/phrase 放弃
finally/ˈfaɪnəli/adv. 终于;最后
rode/rəʊd/v. 骑(过去式)
wind/wɪnd/n. 风
believe/bɪˈliːv/v. 相信
nodded/ˈnɒdɪd/v. 点头(过去式)
proud/praʊd/adj. 骄傲的;自豪的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
aloneadv./adj.独自;一个人

用法:一个人,没别人陪

go alone — 一个人去

💡 近义:by oneself 独自

by oneselfphrase独自;靠自己

用法:by myself / by yourself / by himself ……

by himself 他自己 — 不需要别人帮助

💡 近义:alone 独自

myselfpron.我自己

用法:I 的反身代词

I want to do it myself. — 我想自己做。

💡 类似:yourself 你自己

himselfpron.他自己

用法:he 的反身代词

He talked to himself. — 他自言自语。

💡 类似:herself 她自己

fellv.摔倒(过去式)

用法:fall → fell,<strong>不规则</strong>

Ben fell many times. — 本摔了很多次。

💡 fall (现在) / fell (过去)

kneen.膝盖

用法:k 不发音

My knee is hurt. — 我膝盖破了。

💡 类似:elbow 手肘

hurtv./adj.受伤(过去式同形)

用法:原形和过去式都是 hurt

His knee was hurt. — 他膝盖破了。

💡 近义:injured 受伤的

dirtyadj.脏的

用法:反义词 clean(干净)

dirty hands — 脏的手

💡 反义:clean 干净的

give upphrase放弃

用法:过去式 gave up

He didn't give up. — 他没放弃。

💡 反义:keep on 坚持

finallyadv.终于;最后

用法:final(最后)+ ly

He finally rode the bike. — 他终于骑起来了。

💡 近义:at last 终于

rodev.骑(过去式)

用法:ride → rode,<strong>不规则</strong>

He rode home. — 他骑车回家。

💡 ride (现在) / rode (过去)

windn.

用法:空气流动

wind in his hair — 风吹在头发里

💡 类似:breeze 微风

believev.相信

用法:过去式 believed

She couldn't believe her eyes. — 她不敢相信自己的眼睛。

💡 反义:doubt 怀疑

noddedv.点头(过去式)

用法:nod 双写 d 加 ed → nodded

He nodded. — 他点点头。

💡 反义:shook his head 摇头

proudadj.骄傲的;自豪的

用法:搭配 be proud of

proud of himself — 为自己骄傲

💡 近义:glad 开心的

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 go to the park alone
独自去公园
🔊 learn to ride a bike
学骑自行车
🔊 by oneself / by himself
自己/独自
🔊 need help
需要帮助
🔊 fall many times
摔了很多次
🔊 try again and again
一次次尝试
🔊 not give up
不放弃
🔊 finally
最终

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周日,本一个人去了公园。

他想自己学骑自行车。

爸爸问:"要帮忙吗?"

本说:"不用,我想自己来。"

到了公园,本摔了很多次。

他膝盖破了。他的手脏了。

但他没哭。他没放弃。

他对自己说:"我能行。再来一次。"

两个小时后,本终于骑起来了!

他一路骑回了家,风吹在他头发里。

妈妈不敢相信自己的眼睛。"这都是你自己做到的?"

本笑着点点头。他为自己感到非常骄傲。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去式否定 + 反身代词
主语 + didn't + 动词原形 / 主语 + 动词 + 反身代词
📐 句型拆解
▸ didn't + 原形 I didn't cry.
▸ 单数反身 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
▸ 复数反身 ourselves, yourselves, themselves
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I taught myself to ride a bike. 我自学骑车。
🔊 Ben didn't cry when he fell. 本摔倒了也没哭。
💡 by + 反身代词 = "独自"。"I did it by myself" = 我独自做的。

一、过去式否定句(didn't)

一般动词的过去式否定,用 didn't + 动词原形

句型:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他

He didn't cry. — 他没哭。
He didn't give up. — 他没放弃。
I didn't see you yesterday. — 我昨天没看见你。
They didn't come to the party. — 他们没来参加聚会。
⚠️ didn't 后必须用动词原形。不能说 "He didn't cried",要说 "He didn't cry"。

对比:现在否定 vs 过去否定

He doesn't cry. He didn't cry.  现在否定 / 过去否定
They don't come. They didn't come.  现在否定 / 过去否定

be 动词的过去否定:wasn't / weren't

He wasn't scared. — 他(那时)不害怕。
They weren't at home. — 他们(那时)不在家。

二、反身代词

"自己"用反身代词。每个人称代词都有自己的反身代词。

反身代词表(必背):

I(我) myself  我自己
you(你) yourself  你自己
he(他) himself  他自己
she(她) herself  她自己
it(它) itself  它自己
we(我们) ourselves  我们自己(注意是 -selves)
you(你们) yourselves  你们自己
they(他们) themselves  他们自己
💡 规律:单数 -self(自己一个人),复数 -selves(多个自己)。

课文里的反身代词:

I want to do it myself. — 我想自己做。
He talked to himself. — 他对自己说(自言自语)。
He was proud of himself. — 他为自己骄傲。

三、反身代词的常用搭配

反身代词常和动词、介词搭配,组成固定短语。

by oneself 独自;靠自己  by myself / by himself
do sth. oneself 自己做某事  I want to do it myself.
talk to oneself 自言自语  He talked to himself.
be proud of oneself 为自己骄傲  She was proud of herself.
enjoy oneself 玩得开心  We enjoyed ourselves.
help oneself 自取(食物等)  Help yourself!
Did you do this all by yourself? — 这都是你自己做的吗?
I learned English by myself. — 我自学的英语。
They enjoyed themselves at the party. — 他们在聚会上玩得很开心。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I want to do it myself.
我想自己做。
1. 句型:do sth. + 反身代词 = 自己做某事。
2. myself 是 I 的反身代词。
3. 这里 myself 强调"自己"(不要别人帮)。
📝 即练:
填空:She wants to do it ___.(她自己) → herself (she → herself。)
改错:I made it my. → myself ("自己"用 myself,不是 my。)
🔊
He didn't cry. He didn't give up.
他没哭。他没放弃。
1. didn't = did not,过去式否定。
2. cry / give up 都用原形。
3. 两句平行,强调坚强。
📝 即练:
改错:He didn't cried. → cry (didn't 后用原形。)
填空:They ___ go to school yesterday.(didn't) → didn't (过去否定 didn't。)
🔊
He was very proud of himself.
他为自己感到非常骄傲。
1. be proud of + 反身代词 = 为自己骄傲。
2. himself 是 he 的反身代词。
3. of 不能省。
📝 即练:
填空:She was proud ___ herself. → of (be proud of,of 不能省。)
填空:They were proud of ___.(他们自己) → themselves (they → themselves。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:过去式否定句(didn't + 动词原形)+ 反身代词
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:独自)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:我自己)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:他自己)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:fall 的过去式)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:膝盖)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:疼/受伤)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:独自 首字母:a _ _ _ _ →
2意思:膝盖 首字母:k _ _ _ →
3意思:疼痛 首字母:h _ _ _ →
4意思:脏的 首字母:d _ _ _ _ →
5意思:摔倒 首字母:f _ _ _ →
6意思:自行车 首字母:b _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:写出对应的反身代词(共 8 题)

反身代词以 -self / -selves 结尾,表示"自己"

1🔊I → ___
2🔊you(你)→ ___
3🔊he → ___
4🔊she → ___
5🔊it → ___
6🔊we → ___
7🔊you(你们)→ ___
8🔊they → ___

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用合适的反身代词填空(共 8 题)

用 myself / yourself / himself 等填空:

1🔊I want to do it .
2🔊Ben learned to ride a bike by .
3🔊She made the cake .
4🔊We finished the work .
5🔊They built the tree house .
6🔊You can do it (单数).
7🔊The cat washed .
8🔊You children can play by (复数).

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成否定句和反身代词句(共 6 题)

根据中文完成句子:

1🔊我自己做了。I did it .
2🔊我没摔倒。I off the bike.
3🔊他没需要帮助。He help.
4🔊他们自己建了树屋。They built the tree house .
5🔊她没有哭。She .
6🔊独自地。By .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊Ben fell off the bike. (改为否定句)
2🔊He needs help. (改为"他不需要帮助"过去式)
3🔊I rode the bike. (改为否定句)
4🔊She did it. She did it alone. (用反身代词合并)
5🔊They learned English. They had no teacher. (用反身代词)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Ben fell off the bike, but he didn't cried. 🔊
2I want to do it by mineself. 🔊
3She made the cake by sheself. 🔊
4We didn't went there. 🔊
5He doesn't learned the lesson. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. by oneself 摔倒了
🔊2. fell down 最终
🔊3. hurt my knee 学会了骑
🔊4. learned to ride 弄伤膝盖
🔊5. many times 独自地
🔊6. finally 很多次

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1我想自己做。 🔊
2本摔倒了很多次。 🔊
3他不需要爸爸的帮助。 🔊
4🔊Ben wanted to learn by himself.
5🔊He hurt his knee but kept trying.
6🔊Finally, he could ride the bike.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊Where did Ben go last Sunday?
2🔊Did Ben want help from his dad?
3🔊What happened to Ben at the park?
4🔊Did Ben succeed?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 反身代词 + 否定句要点

反身代词表示"自己/我自己/他自己"——以 -self / -selves 结尾:

🔸 单数 5 个:
  I → myself you → yourself he → himself
  she → herself it → itself
🔸 复数 3 个:
  we → ourselves you → yourselves they → themselves

常用结构
  I taught myself to ride a bike.(我自学骑车。)
  He cut himself.(他切到自己了。)
  Make yourself at home.(别客气。)
  by + 反身代词 = 独自
  I did it by myself.(我独自完成。)

🚫 过去式否定句didn't + 动词原形
  I didn't fall off.(我没摔倒。— 动词回原形!)
  ❌ I didn't fell off. ✅ I didn't fall off.

🚴 英语文化小常识 · Learning to Ride a Bike 骑车文化

在美国/英国,学骑自行车是孩子人生的里程碑——和"学游泳"一样重要!

🚲 典型学习过程
1️⃣ 3-5 岁:balance bike(平衡车,无脚踏)
2️⃣ 5-7 岁:training wheels(辅助轮)
3️⃣ 7-9 岁:去掉辅助轮,正式骑两轮车 ✨

👨‍👦 "那一天"的爱
美国家庭的经典画面 —— 爸爸/妈妈跑在自行车旁边,扶着孩子。慢慢松手,孩子骑出去几米才发现"I'm doing it by myself!"(我自己骑上了!)

📜 骑车安全教育
🪖 永远戴 helmet(头盔)
👀 看 traffic(交通)
👋 转弯前 hand signals(用手势)

💡 美国电影里超经典的镜头:孩子第一次独自骑车 → 父母在背后骄傲地看着。《E.T.》《Stranger Things》 都有!

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了过去式否定句(didn't)
✅ 我掌握了反身代词
✅ 我掌握了反身代词的常用搭配

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 7 · Where did the snow go? 雪去哪儿了?

新知识点:特殊疑问词复习 + 过去时综合(规则 + 不规则)

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 7

Lesson 7 · 雪去哪儿了?

Where did the snow go?
📚 过去时综合 · 科普问答

📖 Text 课文

雪去哪儿了?
❄️☀️💧
Lesson 7
🔊Little Brother: This morning the snowman was gone!
🔊Where did the snow go?
🔊Big Brother: The sun came out, and the snow turned into water.
🔊Little Brother: Then where did the water go?
🔊Big Brother: Some went into the soil.
🔊Some flowed into the river.
🔊Little Brother: And then?
🔊Big Brother: The sun made the water into "invisible water."
🔊It went up into the sky and became clouds.
🔊Little Brother: What happens to the clouds?
🔊Big Brother: When it gets cold, the clouds turn into snow again.
🔊Little Brother: So the same snow comes back?
🔊Big Brother: Yes!
🔊Water on Earth never disappears.
🔊It just changes its shape.
🔊Little Brother: Then... is last year's snowman coming back to find me?
🔊Big Brother (laughing): You can say so.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
snow/snəʊ/n./v. 雪;下雪
snowman/ˈsnəʊmæn/n. 雪人
turn into/tɜːn ˈɪntə/phrase 变成
soil/sɔɪl/n. 土壤;泥土
flowed/fləʊd/v. 流(过去式)
river/ˈrɪvə/n. 河;河流
invisible/ɪnˈvɪzəbl/adj. 看不见的
sky/skaɪ/n. 天空
became/bɪˈkeɪm/v. 变成(过去式)
cloud/klaʊd/n. 云
happen/ˈhæpən/v. 发生
Earth/ɜːθ/n. 地球
disappear/ˌdɪsəˈpɪə/v. 消失
shape/ʃeɪp/n. 形状;样子
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
snown./v.雪;下雪

用法:snowman 雪人 = snow + man

It is snowing. — 在下雪。

💡 动词:snowed

snowmann.雪人

用法:snow + man

build a snowman — 堆雪人

💡 复数:snowmen

turn intophrase变成

用法:过去式 turned into

snow turned into water — 雪变成了水

💡 近义:become 变成

soiln.土壤;泥土

用法:种花的土

into the soil — 进土里

💡 近义:earth 土

flowedv.流(过去式)

用法:flow + ed → flowed

flowed into the river — 流进河里

💡 原形:flow

rivern.河;河流

用法:比小溪 stream 大

into the river — 进河里

💡 类似:stream 小溪

invisibleadj.看不见的

用法:in(不)+ visible(可见的)

invisible water — 看不见的水(水蒸气)

💡 反义:visible 可见的

skyn.天空

用法:抬头看到的地方

into the sky — 到天上

💡 类似:cloud 云

becamev.变成(过去式)

用法:become → became,<strong>不规则</strong>

became clouds — 变成了云

💡 become (现在) / became (过去)

cloudn.

用法:天上的白色或灰色团

became clouds — 变成云

💡 复数:clouds

happenv.发生

用法:What happens? = 会怎样?

What happens to the clouds? — 云会怎样?

💡 近义:occur

Earthn.地球

用法:我们生活的星球(首字母大写)

water on Earth — 地球上的水

💡 类似:world 世界

disappearv.消失

用法:dis(不)+ appear(出现)

never disappears — 从不消失

💡 反义:appear 出现

shapen.形状;样子

用法:change shape = 换样子

changes its shape — 换了样子

💡 类似:form 形式

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 the snowman was gone
雪人不见了
🔊 come out (太阳)
出来
🔊 turn into water
变成水
🔊 go into the soil
渗入土壤
🔊 flow into the river
流入河里
🔊 water vapor
水蒸气
🔊 the water cycle
水循环

🇨🇳 参考译文

弟弟:今天早上雪人不见了!雪去哪儿了?

哥哥:太阳出来了,雪变成了水。

弟弟:那水又去哪儿了?

哥哥:一部分进了土里。一部分流进了河里。

弟弟:然后呢?

哥哥:太阳把水变成了"看不见的水"。

它升到天空,变成了云。

弟弟:云会怎么样?

哥哥:天冷了,云就变成雪,再下下来。

弟弟:所以同一片雪还会回来?

哥哥:对!地球上的水从不消失,只是换了样子。

弟弟:那……去年的雪人是不是回来找我了?

哥哥(笑):可以这么说。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:过去时综合(陈述+疑问+否定)
陈述句 ⟷ Did 疑问 ⟷ didn't 否定
📐 句型拆解
▸ 陈述(肯定) The sun came out.
▸ 一般疑问 Did the sun come out?
▸ 否定句 The sun didn't come out.
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Where did the snow go? 雪去哪儿了?
🔊 The water flowed to the river. 水流向了河里。
🔄 一句话能变三种:陈述 / 疑问 / 否定,灵活运用一般过去时。

一、特殊疑问词复习

过去时的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形?

课文里出现的疑问句:

Where did the snow go? — 雪去哪儿了?
Where did the water go? — 水去哪儿了?
What happens to the clouds? — 云会怎么样?

常用疑问词:

What 什么  What did you do?
Where 哪里  Where did you go?
When 什么时候  When did it happen?
How 怎么样  How did you do it?
Why 为什么  Why did you cry?
Who  Who did you see?
⚠️ 特殊疑问句也是 did + 原形,不能写成 "Where did the snow went?"

二、过去时综合(规则 + 不规则)

一段话里规则动词和不规则动词常常一起用。看到时间词(last/yesterday/then),就要用过去时。

课文里的过去式动词:

come(来) came  不规则
turn into(变成) turned into  规则
go(去) went  不规则
flow(流) flowed  规则
make(做) made  不规则
become(变成) became  不规则
The sun came out, and the snow turned into water. — 太阳出来了,雪变成了水。
It went up into the sky and became clouds. — 它升到天空,变成了云。
💡 看到 came / went / made / became 这些"短而不像 -ed"的过去式,多半是不规则动词,要单独记。

三、现在时与过去时混合(科普讲解里很常见)

事实道理现在时;讲具体过去过去时

事实道理 → 现在时

Water on Earth never disappears. — 地球上的水从不消失。(永恒事实)
When it gets cold, the clouds turn into snow. — 天冷了,云会变成雪。(一般规律)
The sun makes water invisible. — 太阳让水看不见。(自然规律)

具体过去事件 → 过去时

This morning the snowman was gone. — 今天早上雪人不见了。
The sun came out, and the snow turned into water. — 太阳出来了,雪变成了水。
💡 一句话里也可能过去和现在混用:先讲事件(过去),再讲原因/规律(现在)。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Where did the snow go?
雪去哪儿了?
1. 句型:Where + did + 主语 + 动词原形?
2. Where 问"哪里"。
3. go 用原形,不能写成 went。
📝 即练:
改错:Where did the snow went? → go (did 后用原形。)
填空:Where ___ you go yesterday? → did (过去式特殊疑问用 did。)
🔊
The snow turned into water.
雪变成了水。
1. 句型:主语 + turned into + 名词。
2. turn into = 变成。
3. turned = turn + ed(规则动词)。
📝 即练:
填空:The water ___ ___ ice.(变成) → turned into (turn into 变成 → 过去式 turned into。)
填空:The clouds ___ ___ snow again.(变成) → turned into (turned into snow。)
🔊
Water on Earth never disappears.
地球上的水从不消失。
1. 这是永恒事实,所以用现在时(不是过去时)。
2. never = 从不。
3. water 不可数,配单数动词 disappears。
📝 即练:
填空:The sun ___ comes back every morning.(事实,always 还是 sometimes?) → always (太阳每天升起是事实,用 always。)
改错:Water on Earth never disappear. → disappears (water 不可数 → 单数动词 disappears。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:一般过去时全面复习(陈述/疑问/否定)
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:雪)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:雪人)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:土壤)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:flow 的过去式)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:看不见的)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:天空)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思: 首字母:s _ _ _ →
2意思:雪人 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ _ →
3意思:土壤 首字母:s _ _ _ →
4意思:河流 首字母:r _ _ _ _ →
5意思:天空 首字母:s _ _ →
6意思:看不见的 首字母:i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:一句话变三种:陈述、否定、疑问(共 8 题)

把陈述句改写为否定句和一般疑问句:

1🔊The sun came out. (否定)
2🔊The sun came out. (疑问)
3🔊The snow melted. (否定)
4🔊The water went into the soil. (疑问)
5🔊Plants used the water. (否定)
6🔊The snowman was gone. (疑问)
7🔊It was cold yesterday. (否定)
8🔊The water flowed to the river. (疑问)

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用括号词的正确形式填空(共 8 题)

注意时态(一般现在时 vs 一般过去时):

1🔊Yesterday the snowman here. (be)
2🔊Now it gone. (be)
3🔊The sun out this morning. (come)
4🔊The snow into water. (turn)
5🔊Some water into the soil. (go)
6🔊Plants the water every day. (use)
7🔊Last winter, it a lot. (snow)
8🔊Today, it sunny. (be)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文:

1🔊雪去哪儿了? did the ?
2🔊太阳出来了。The sun .
3🔊雪变成了水。The snow .
4🔊水流进了河里。Water river.
5🔊它变成了水蒸气。It invisible .
6🔊植物使用了水。Plants .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊The snow turns into water. (改为过去式)
2🔊The water goes into the river. (改为过去式)
3🔊Plants use the water. (改为过去式)
4🔊Where does the snow go? (改为过去式)
5🔊The snowman is gone. (改为"雪人去哪了?")

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1The sun came out and the snow turn into water. 🔊
2Where the snow go? 🔊
3Some water went in the soil. 🔊
4The water flow into the river. 🔊
5It become invisible water vapor. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. turn into 水蒸气
🔊2. go into the soil 水循环
🔊3. flow to the river 出来(太阳)
🔊4. water vapor 变成
🔊5. come out 进入土壤
🔊6. the water cycle 流向河流

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1雪变成了水。 🔊
2水流到了河里。 🔊
3太阳出来了。 🔊
4🔊Some water went into the soil.
5🔊Some became invisible water vapor.
6🔊Where did the snow go?

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊What happened to the snowman?
2🔊Where did the water go?
3🔊Why did the snow turn into water?
4🔊What is the topic of this lesson?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 描述过去事件的关键时间词

讲过去的故事时,时间状语非常重要——让句子有"时间感":

🕐 具体时间词
  yesterday 昨天 this morning 今早
  last night 昨晚 last week / month / year 上周/月/年
  two days ago 两天前 in 2020 在 2020 年

🕐 顺序词(讲故事必备):
  first 首先 then 然后 next 接下来
  after that 那之后 finally 最后 in the end 最终

🕐 转折词
  but 但是 however 然而 suddenly 突然

📖 例子:
"Last winter, snow covered everything. Then spring came and the snow melted. Now the water is in rivers and clouds!"

💡 学好过去时的关键 — 用时间词把事件按顺序串起来,让故事更生动。

❄️ 英语文化小常识 · Where Does Snow Go? 水的循环

"雪去哪儿了"涉及科学常识——这是英美小学 science class(科学课)的经典话题:

💧 The Water Cycle 水循环
☁️ Evaporation(蒸发)—— 水变成水蒸气升入空中
☁️ Condensation(凝结)—— 水蒸气在天空形成云
🌧️ Precipitation(降水)—— 雨、雪、冰雹落下
🌊 Collection(汇集)—— 流入河流、湖泊、海洋

❄️ 关于雪的有趣科学
🔬 No two snowflakes are the same!(没有两片雪花完全相同!)
☃️ snow 是 H₂O 的固态
🌡️ 0°C 以下水会结冰

📺 推荐儿童科学节目
🔬 Bill Nye the Science Guy(科学小子比尔)—— 经典美国教育节目
🚌 The Magic School Bus(神奇校车)—— 适合 7-10 岁,中国也有引进!

💡 学完这一课,下次看到雪融化,告诉爸妈:"The snow is becoming water vapor in the water cycle!"

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了特殊疑问词复习
✅ 我掌握了过去时综合(规则 + 不规则)
✅ 我掌握了现在时与过去时混合(科普讲解里很常见)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 8 · The biggest sandcastle 最大的沙堡

新知识点:什么是最高级? + 最高级的 5 种变化规则

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 8

Lesson 8 · 最大的沙堡

The biggest sandcastle
📚 形容词最高级 the -est / the most

📖 Text 课文

最大的沙堡
🏖️🏰🪣🌊
Lesson 8
🔊Last summer, Sue, Ben and I went to the beach.
🔊It was the hottest day of our trip — but we didn't care.
🔊We decided to build a sandcastle.
🔊The biggest one of all!
🔊We worked for three hours.
🔊It had the tallest tower, the deepest moat,
🔊and the most beautiful shell gate in the world.
🔊People came to see it.
🔊They took pictures.
🔊A little girl said, "This is the best sandcastle I've ever seen!"
🔊We were the proudest kids on the beach.
🔊In the evening, we left.
🔊The waves came and took it away.
🔊But it was the best memory of my whole summer.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
beach/biːtʃ/n. 海滩;沙滩
hottest/ˈhɒtɪst/adj. 最热的
sandcastle/ˈsændkɑːsl/n. 沙堡
biggest/ˈbɪɡɪst/adj. 最大的
tallest/ˈtɔːlɪst/adj. 最高的
tower/ˈtaʊə/n. 塔;高楼
deepest/ˈdiːpɪst/adj. 最深的
moat/məʊt/n. 护城河
shell/ʃel/n. 贝壳
gate/ɡeɪt/n. 大门
world/wɜːld/n. 世界
took/tʊk/v. 拿;带(过去式)
best/best/adj. 最好的
proudest/ˈpraʊdɪst/adj. 最骄傲的
wave/weɪv/n. 海浪;波浪
memory/ˈmeməri/n. 回忆;记忆
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
beachn.海滩;沙滩

用法:海边的沙地

go to the beach — 去海边

💡 类似:sea 海

hottestadj.最热的

用法:hot → hottest(双写 t 加 est)

the hottest day — 最热的一天

💡 原级:hot

sandcastlen.沙堡

用法:sand(沙)+ castle(城堡)

build a sandcastle — 堆沙堡

💡 类似:snowman 雪人

biggestadj.最大的

用法:big → biggest(双写 g 加 est)

the biggest one — 最大的那个

💡 原级:big

tallestadj.最高的

用法:tall + est → tallest

the tallest tower — 最高的塔

💡 原级:tall

towern.塔;高楼

用法:高的建筑

the tallest tower — 最高的塔

💡 类似:building 楼

deepestadj.最深的

用法:deep + est → deepest

the deepest moat — 最深的护城河

💡 原级:deep

moatn.护城河

用法:城堡周围的水沟

the deepest moat — 最深的护城河

💡 类似:river 河

shelln.贝壳

用法:海边的小硬壳

shell gate 贝壳门 — 复数 shells

💡 类似:rock 石头

gaten.大门

用法:入口的门

the shell gate — 贝壳门

💡 类似:door 门

worldn.世界

用法:in the world = 全世界

in the world — 在世界上

💡 类似:Earth 地球

tookv.拿;带(过去式)

用法:take → took,<strong>不规则</strong>

They took pictures. — 他们拍了照。

💡 take (现在) / took (过去)

bestadj.最好的

用法:good → best(不规则最高级)

the best sandcastle — 最好的沙堡

💡 原级:good

proudestadj.最骄傲的

用法:proud + est → proudest

the proudest kids — 最骄傲的孩子

💡 原级:proud

waven.海浪;波浪

用法:海里的水起伏

The waves came. — 海浪来了。

💡 类似:water 水

memoryn.回忆;记忆

用法:心里记住的事

the best memory — 最好的回忆

💡 动词:remember

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 go to the beach
去海滩
🔊 the hottest day
最热的一天
🔊 build a sandcastle
建沙堡
🔊 the biggest one
最大的那个
🔊 the tallest tower
最高的塔
🔊 the deepest moat
最深的护城河
🔊 work for three hours
工作三小时
🔊 come and watch
过来观看

🇨🇳 参考译文

去年夏天,苏、本和我去了海边。

那是我们旅行最热的一天——但我们不在乎。

我们决定堆一个沙堡。最大的一个!

我们做了三个小时。

它有最高的塔,最深的护城河,

还有世界上最漂亮的贝壳门。

人们都来看。他们拍照。

一个小女孩说:"这是我见过最棒的沙堡!"

我们是海滩上最骄傲的孩子。

晚上我们离开了。海浪来了,把它带走了。

但它是我整个夏天最好的回忆。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:形容词最高级
A + be + the + 形容词最高级 + in/of + 范围
📐 句型拆解
▸ 短词 + est tallest, biggest, hottest
▸ 长词 + most the most beautiful
▸ 不规则 good→best, bad→worst
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 We built the biggest sandcastle. 我们建了最大的沙堡。
🔊 It was the hottest day of the year. 那是一年中最热的一天。
⚠️ 最高级前面必须加 the!不能说 "biggest",要说 "the biggest"。

一、什么是最高级?

三个或更多东西比较,谁……,就用最高级

句型:主语 + be + the + 形容词最高级 + 范围(in/of...)

It was the biggest sandcastle. — 那是最大的沙堡。
It had the tallest tower. — 它有最高的塔。
She is the best player in our class. — 她是我们班最好的球员。
⚠️ 最高级前面必须有 the!不能说 "It was biggest sandcastle",要说 "It was the biggest"。

对比:原级 vs 比较级 vs 最高级

tall taller / the tallest  高 / 更高 / 最高
big bigger / the biggest  大 / 更大 / 最大
happy happier / the happiest  开心 / 更开心 / 最开心
good better / the best  好 / 更好 / 最好(不规则)

二、最高级的 5 种变化规则

跟比较级的 5 种规则一一对应,把 er 换成 estmore 换成 most

规则1:一般情况,加 -est

tall tallest  加 est
short shortest  加 est
cold coldest  加 est
deep deepest  加 est
It had the tallest tower. — 它有最高的塔。
The deepest moat in our castle. — 我们城堡最深的护城河。

规则2:以 -e 结尾,加 -st

nice nicest  加 st
large largest  加 st
late latest  加 st
simple simplest  加 st

规则3:重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母 + est

big biggest  双写 g + est
hot hottest  双写 t + est
thin thinnest  双写 n + est
fat fattest  双写 t + est
It was the hottest day. — 那是最热的一天。
It was the biggest sandcastle. — 那是最大的沙堡。

规则4:辅音字母 + y 结尾,去 y 加 iest

happy happiest  去 y → iest
busy busiest  去 y → iest
easy easiest  去 y → iest
lucky luckiest  去 y → iest

规则5:多音节词,前面加 most

beautiful most beautiful  前面加 most
interesting most interesting  前面加 most
careful most careful  前面加 most
difficult most difficult  前面加 most
The most beautiful shell gate. — 最漂亮的贝壳门。
This is the most interesting book. — 这是最有意思的书。

三、不规则最高级(必背!)

常用的不规则最高级跟比较级一起记。

good / well better / best  原级 / 比较级 / 最高级
bad worse / worst  坏 / 更坏 / 最坏
many / much more / most  多 / 更多 / 最多
little less / least  少 / 更少 / 最少
far farther / farthest  远 / 更远 / 最远
It was the best memory of my summer. — 它是我夏天最好的回忆。
He is the worst player on the team. — 他是队里最差的球员。
🎵 口诀:好 better / best;坏 worse / worst;多 more / most;少 less / least。

四、in vs of(最高级的范围)

最高级后面用 inof 表示范围。

in + 地点 / 集体(在某个地方/团体里)

the most beautiful gate in the world — 世界上最漂亮的门
the proudest kids on the beach — 海滩上最骄傲的孩子
the best player in our class — 我们班最好的球员

of + 同类的复数(同类事物中)

the biggest one of all — 所有里面最大的
the best of all the books — 所有书里最好的
the youngest of three brothers — 三兄弟里最小的

表示时间,多用 of

the hottest day of the year — 一年里最热的一天
the best memory of my summer — 夏天里最好的回忆
💡 记忆窍门:in 后面是"地方/团体",of 后面是"一群同类东西/一段时间"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
It had the tallest tower.
它有最高的塔。
1. 句型:主语 + had + the + 最高级 + 名词。
2. tallest = tall + est。
3. had 是 have 的过去式。
📝 即练:
填空:tall 的最高级是 ___ → tallest (tall + est = tallest。)
改错:It had tallest tower. → the tallest (最高级前必须加 the。)
🔊
The most beautiful shell gate in the world.
世界上最漂亮的贝壳门。
1. most beautiful:beautiful 多音节,最高级前加 most。
2. in the world = 在世界上(in 表示地点/范围)。
3. 整个最高级前面有 the
📝 即练:
填空:beautiful 的最高级是 ___ → most beautiful (多音节加 most。)
填空:the most interesting book ___ the library → in (地点/范围用 in。)
🔊
It was the best memory of my whole summer.
它是我整个夏天最好的回忆。
1. best = good 的最高级(不规则)。
2. of my whole summer:of 表示"在……(一段时间)里"。
3. whole = 整个的。
📝 即练:
填空:good 的最高级是 ___ → best (good → best(不规则)。)
填空:the best day ___ the year(一年里) → of (时间段用 of。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:最高级(the + -est / the most)的 5 种规则
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:最热的)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:最大的)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:最高的)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:最深的)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:沙堡)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:护城河)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:沙堡 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:海滩 首字母:b _ _ _ _ →
3意思:塔楼 首字母:t _ _ _ _ →
4意思:护城河 首字母:m _ _ _ →
5意思:最大的 首字母:b _ _ _ _ _ _ →
6意思:最深的 首字母:d _ _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:写出下列形容词的最高级(共 8 题)

注意 5 种变化规则 + the

1🔊tall → ___
2🔊large → ___
3🔊happy → ___
4🔊big → ___
5🔊beautiful → ___
6🔊good → ___
7🔊bad → ___
8🔊hot → ___

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用括号词的最高级填空(共 8 题)

用形容词的最高级形式(the + -est 或 the most):

1🔊It was the day of the year. (hot)
2🔊We built the sandcastle. (big)
3🔊The tower was the . (tall)
4🔊Her dress is the in the shop. (beautiful)
5🔊That was the trip ever. (good)
6🔊This is the day of my life. (bad)
7🔊Mike is the boy in our class. (smart)
8🔊This book is the I have ever read. (interesting)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成最高级句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成句子(注意 the + 最高级):

1🔊那是一年中最热的一天。It was day of the year.
2🔊我们建了海滩上最大的沙堡。We built sandcastle on the beach.
3🔊护城河是最深的。The moat was .
4🔊那是最棒的一天。That was day.
5🔊他是班里最高的。He is boy in the class.
6🔊这是我读过最有趣的书。This is book I have ever read.

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊Tom is tall. (改为最高级"班里最高")
2🔊The sandcastle is big. (改为最高级"海滩上最大")
3🔊Her dress is beautiful. (改为最高级)
4🔊This day is good. (改为最高级"我生命中最好的")
5🔊Mike runs fast. (改为最高级)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1It was the hotest day of the year. 🔊
2We built the most biggest sandcastle. 🔊
3Mom is goodest cook in our family. 🔊
4This is most beautiful flower. 🔊
5Tom is taller boy in the class. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. the hottest day 最深的护城河
🔊2. the biggest sandcastle 最高的塔
🔊3. the tallest tower 在海滩上
🔊4. the deepest moat 最大的沙堡
🔊5. on the beach 努力干
🔊6. work hard 最热的一天

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1那是一年中最热的一天。 🔊
2我们建了海滩上最大的沙堡。 🔊
3护城河是最深的。 🔊
4🔊We worked for three hours.
5🔊The tower was the tallest.
6🔊It was the best trip ever.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊When did they go to the beach?
2🔊Was it hot or cold?
3🔊What did they build?
4🔊How long did they work?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 形容词最高级 the -est / the most

3 个或以上事物比较,用最高级——表示"最..."。

短词(1-2 音节):the + -est
  tall → the tallest(最高的)
  big → the biggest(双写!)
  happy → the happiest(y 变 i)
  hot → the hottest(双写)

长词(3+ 音节):the most + 原形
  beautiful → the most beautiful
  expensive → the most expensive

📐 典型句型
  the + 最高级 + 名词 + in/of...
  Mike is the tallest boy in our class.
  Tom built the biggest sandcastle on the beach.

⚠️ "the" 不能省略!
  ✅ He is the fastest. ❌ He is fastest.

🆚 对比比较级
  比较级:A is taller than B(两人比较)
  最高级:A is the tallest(3 人或以上里最高)

🏖️ 英语文化小常识 · Sandcastle Competitions 沙堡比赛

在英美海滩文化中,building sandcastles(建沙堡)是夏天的经典活动!

🏖️ 美国著名沙堡比赛
🏆 U.S. Open Sandcastle Competition(美国公开沙堡赛,加州)
🏰 Texas SandFest(德州沙堡节)—— 专业雕塑家参加!
🌊 比赛沙堡可以高达 5 米

🪣 建沙堡的工具
🪣 bucket(桶)
🪚 shovel(铲子)
🦪 seashells(贝壳)—— 用来装饰
💧 water(水)—— 让沙子粘在一起

📜 "the bigger, the better" 文化
美国孩子总是想建 "the biggest sandcastle on the beach"——这反映了美国文化里的"挑战极限"精神!

💡 沙堡的英文还有:
🏰 moat(护城河)
🗼 tower(塔楼)
🚪 gate(城门)
👑 king and queen(国王和王后住里面)

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了什么是最高级?
✅ 我掌握了最高级的 5 种变化规则
✅ 我掌握了不规则最高级(必背!)
✅ 我掌握了in vs of(最高级的范围)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 9 · The cooking contest 家庭做菜比赛

新知识点:特殊形式的比较级(必背!) + fewer vs less(一对常考!)

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 9

Lesson 9 · 家庭做菜比赛

The cooking contest
📚 不规则比较级 · 名词性物主代词

📖 Text 课文

家庭做菜比赛
👨‍🍳🍝🥘🏆
Lesson 9
🔊Last weekend, our family had a cooking contest.
🔊Each of us made one dish.
🔊My brother's soup was much saltier than mine.
🔊My sister's chicken was even spicier than his soup.
🔊Mom is the best cook in our family,
🔊but she said, "Today no one is the judge.
🔊We taste each other's food."
🔊I made noodles.
🔊They didn't look pretty,
🔊but the taste was better than mine before.
🔊Dad tasted one bite and said, "Yours is better than the restaurant's!"
🔊He was probably joking — but those were the best words I ever heard.
🔊In the end, my brother had more food left than anyone else.
🔊I had less than his.
🔊Grandpa smiled and said, "The most important thing in cooking is heart, not taste."

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
contest/ˈkɒntest/n. 比赛
dish/dɪʃ/n. 菜;盘子
saltier/ˈsɔːltiə/adj. 更咸的
spicier/ˈspaɪsiə/adj. 更辣的
chicken/ˈtʃɪkɪn/n. 鸡肉;鸡
cook/kʊk/n./v. 厨师;做饭
judge/dʒʌdʒ/n./v. 评委;评判
taste/teɪst/v./n. 尝;味道
noodles/ˈnuːdlz/n. 面条
pretty/ˈprɪti/adj. 好看的;漂亮的
mine/maɪn/pron. 我的(名词性)
restaurant/ˈrestrɒnt/n. 餐厅;饭馆
bite/baɪt/n./v. 一口;咬
probably/ˈprɒbəbli/adv. 大概;可能
joking/ˈdʒəʊkɪŋ/v. 开玩笑
left/left/adj. 剩下的
heart/hɑːt/n. 心;心意
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
contestn.比赛

用法:友好的比试

a cooking contest — 做菜比赛

💡 近义:competition 比赛

dishn.菜;盘子

用法:一道菜或一个盘子

made one dish — 做一道菜

💡 类似:plate 盘子

saltieradj.更咸的

用法:salty → saltier(去 y 加 ier)

much saltier than mine — 比我的咸多了

💡 原级:salty

spicieradj.更辣的

用法:spicy → spicier(去 y 加 ier)

even spicier — 甚至更辣

💡 原级:spicy

chickenn.鸡肉;鸡

用法:一种常见肉类

fried chicken 炸鸡 — 类似:beef 牛肉

💡 类似:beef 牛肉

cookn./v.厨师;做饭

用法:做菜的人 / 做饭的动作

the best cook — 最好的厨师

💡 动词过去式:cooked

judgen./v.评委;评判

用法:比赛里打分的人

no one is the judge — 没人是评委

💡 类似:referee 裁判

tastev./n.尝;味道

用法:过去式 tasted

taste the food — 尝一下菜

💡 名词:flavor 风味

noodlesn.面条

用法:通常用复数

made noodles — 做了面条

💡 类似:rice 米饭

prettyadj.好看的;漂亮的

用法:形容样子好看

They didn't look pretty. — 看相不好。

💡 近义:beautiful

minepron.我的(名词性)

用法:= my + 名词

better than mine — 比我的好

💡 对应:my 我的(形容词性)

restaurantn.餐厅;饭馆

用法:吃饭的地方

the restaurant's — 餐厅的(菜)

💡 类似:cafe 咖啡馆

biten./v.一口;咬

用法:one bite = 一口

one bite — 一口

💡 动词过去式:bit

probablyadv.大概;可能

用法:不太确定

He was probably joking. — 他大概在开玩笑。

💡 近义:maybe 也许

jokingv.开玩笑

用法:joke + ing

He was joking. — 他在开玩笑。

💡 反义:serious 认真的

leftadj.剩下的

用法:leave 的过去分词作形容词

food left 剩下的菜 — 动词原形 leave

💡 近义:remaining 剩余的

heartn.心;心意

用法:身体器官 / 心意

heart, not taste — 心意,不是味道

💡 近义:feelings 感情

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a cooking contest
一个烹饪比赛
🔊 each of us
我们每个人
🔊 saltier than mine
比我的更咸
🔊 spicier than his
比他的更辣
🔊 the best cook
最棒的厨师
🔊 no one is the judge
没人是裁判
🔊 I love yours
我爱你做的

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周末,我们家办了一场做菜比赛。

我们每人做一道菜。

哥哥的汤比我的咸多了。

妹妹的鸡肉比他的汤还辣。

妈妈是我们家最好的厨师,

但她说:"今天没有评委。我们尝彼此的菜。"

我做的是面条。看相不太好,

但味道比我以前做的好。

爸爸尝了一口说:"你的比餐厅做的还好!"

他大概在开玩笑——但那是我听过最好的话。

最后,哥哥剩的菜比所有人都多。

我剩的比他少。

爷爷笑着说:"做菜最重要的不是味道,是心。"

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:不规则比较级 + 名词性物主代词
A + be + 不规则比较级 + than + 物主代词
📐 句型拆解
▸ 不规则 good→better, bad→worse, more, less
▸ 物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 My brother's soup was saltier than mine. 哥哥的汤比我的咸。
🔊 Yours is better than mine! 你的比我的好!
💡 mine = my + 名词。"this is mine" 后面不用再加名词。

一、特殊形式的比较级(必背!)

有几对常用形容词/副词的比较级不按规则变化,需要单独记。这些词在课文里都出现了。

4 对最重要的不规则比较级:

good / well(好) better  更好的
bad / ill(坏 / 病) worse  更坏的 / 更糟
many / much(多) more  更多
little(少 / 不可数) less  更少

课文里的例句:

The taste was better than mine before. — 味道比我以前做的好。
My brother had more food left than anyone. — 哥哥剩的菜比所有人都多。
I had less than his. — 我剩的比他少。
🎵 口诀:好变 better,坏变 worse,多变 more,少变 less。

2 个一词两义的特殊形式:

old(老) older / elder  older 比较老;elder 辈分长(家人)
far(远) farther / further  farther 距离更远;further 程度更深
My elder brother is taller. — 我哥哥更高。
The school is farther than the park. — 学校比公园远。

二、fewer vs less(一对常考!)

都是"更少",但用法不同:fewer 用于可数;less 用于不可数

fewer + 可数名词复数

I have fewer friends now. — 我现在朋友更少了。(friends 可数)
fewer apples / fewer books / fewer stars — 更少的苹果 / 书 / 星星

less + 不可数名词

I had less food than him. — 我剩的菜比他少。(food 不可数)
less water / less time / less money — 更少的水 / 时间 / 钱
💡 怎么判断可数?能说"一个、两个……"的就是可数(apples / books);不能数的就是不可数(water / food / time)。

三、名词性物主代词(mine / yours / his ...)

"我的"在英文里有两种
my(形容词性):后面接名词。my book = 我的书。
mine(名词性):后面不接名词,本身就当名词用。

对照表(必背):

my(我的) mine  我的(不接名词)
your(你的) yours  你的
his(他的) his  他的(两种一样)
her(她的) hers  她的
its(它的) its  它的
our(我们的) ours  我们的
your(你们的) yours  你们的
their(他们的) theirs  他们的

课文里的对比:

My brother's soup was saltier than mine. — 哥哥的汤比我的咸。(mine = my soup)
I had less than his. — 我剩的比他少。(his = his food)
Yours is better than the restaurant's! — 你的比餐厅做的还好!(Yours = Your noodles)
🎵 口诀:有名用形(容词),没名用名(词)。
例:my book(有名词)→ It is mine.(没名词)

四、much / even + 比较级(加强语气)

在比较级前加 much(……得多)或 even(甚至更……)。

My brother's soup was much saltier than mine. — 哥哥的汤比我的咸多了。
My sister's chicken was even spicier than his soup. — 妹妹的鸡肉比他的汤还要辣。
I am much better at math now. — 我数学好多了。
This book is even more interesting. — 这本书甚至更有意思。
⚠️ much / even 必须放在比较级前,不能放原级前。不能说 "much salty",要说 "much saltier"。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
My brother's soup was much saltier than mine.
哥哥的汤比我的咸多了。
1. My brother's soup = 哥哥的汤('s 表所属)。
2. much saltier = 咸得多(much 加强比较级)。
3. mine = my soup(名词性物主代词,避免重复)。
📝 即练:
填空:His pen is longer than ___.(我的) → mine (mine = my pen。)
填空:salty 的比较级是 ___ → saltier (辅音+y → ier。)
🔊
I had less than his.
我剩的比他少。
1. less = little 的比较级(不规则,不可数用)。
2. his = his food(名词性物主代词,与形容词性同形)。
3. 句子省略了 food,避免重复。
📝 即练:
填空:little 的比较级是 ___(不规则) → less (little → less(不可数用)。)
填空:This bag is hers, that one is ___.(他的) → his (他的:his(两种形式同)。)
🔊
Grandpa said, "The most important thing in cooking is heart, not taste."
爷爷说:"做菜最重要的不是味道,是心。"
1. the most important thing = 最重要的事(最高级)。
2. in cooking = 在做菜里。
3. heart, not taste = 是心,不是味道(对比)。
📝 即练:
填空:important 的最高级是 ___ → most important (多音节加 most。)
填空:The ___ thing is to keep trying.(最重要的) → most important (the most important。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:不规则比较级 + 名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers)
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:比赛)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:更咸的)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:更辣的)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:评判)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:品尝)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:鸡肉)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:比赛 首字母:c _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:菜肴 首字母:d _ _ _ →
3意思:鸡肉 首字母:c _ _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:评判员 首字母:j _ _ _ _ →
5意思:品尝 首字母:t _ _ _ _ →
6意思:更辣的 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:写出不规则比较级 + 名词性物主代词(共 8 题)

上半:不规则比较级和最高级;下半:物主代词转换

1🔊good → ___ → ___
2🔊bad → ___ → ___
3🔊many / much → ___ → ___
4🔊little → ___ → ___
5🔊my → ___ (名词性)
6🔊your → ___ (名词性)
7🔊her → ___ (名词性)
8🔊their → ___ (名词性)

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用比较级或物主代词填空(共 8 题)

括号里给出形容词或代词,写正确形式:

1🔊My brother's soup was than mine. (salty)
2🔊Mom is the cook in our family. (good)
3🔊Today's dish is than yesterday's. (bad)
4🔊I have time than him. (much)
5🔊She has homework than me. (little)
6🔊This dish is . (我的)
7🔊That book is . (你的)
8🔊The toy is . (他的)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成句子:

1🔊我哥哥的汤比我的更咸。My brother's soup was than .
2🔊妈妈是最棒的厨师。Mom is .
3🔊这道菜比那道差。This dish is than that one.
4🔊这本书是我的。This book is .
5🔊那支笔是她的。That pen is .
6🔊我们家庭有了一个烹饪比赛。Our family a cooking .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊His soup is salty. My soup is salty too. But his is +. (用比较级)
2🔊This is my book. (用名词性物主代词改写)
3🔊That is your pen. (用名词性物主代词改写)
4🔊Her dish is good. (改为最高级)
5🔊I have many books. He has few books. (改为比较级)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1My soup is more saltier than yours. 🔊
2Mom is the goodest cook. 🔊
3This dish is more bad than that one. 🔊
4I have more book than him. 🔊
5This book is my. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. cooking contest 烹饪比赛
🔊2. the best cook 比我的更咸
🔊3. saltier than mine 家庭裁判
🔊4. spicier than his 做了这道菜
🔊5. the family judge 比他的更辣
🔊6. made the dish 最棒的厨师

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1我们家上周末有个烹饪比赛。 🔊
2哥哥的汤比我的更咸。 🔊
3妈妈是我们家最棒的厨师。 🔊
4🔊My sister's chicken was spicier than his soup.
5🔊Each of us made one dish.
6🔊She is the family judge.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊When was the cooking contest?
2🔊Who made the saltiest soup?
3🔊Who is the best cook?
4🔊Whose dish was spicier?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 不规则比较级 + 名词性物主代词

不规则比较级/最高级(必背!):

🔸 good / well → better → the best(好 / 好地 → 更好 → 最好)
🔸 bad → worse → the worst(坏 → 更坏 → 最坏)
🔸 many / much → more → the most(多 → 更多 → 最多)
🔸 little → less → the least(少 → 更少 → 最少)
🔸 far → farther / further → the farthest(远)

🏆 名词性物主代词(独立使用,不接名词):
  形容词性 vs 名词性:
  mymine(我的 → 我的(东西))
  youryours hishis(同形)
  herhers ourours theirtheirs

🆚 对比:
  This is my book.(my + 名词)
  This book is mine.(mine 单独用)
  Mom's dish was spicier than mine.(mine = my dish)

👨‍🍳 英语文化小常识 · Family Cook-offs 家庭厨艺大赛

美国家庭流行 cooking contests(烹饪比赛)—— 让全家人参与,超有趣!

🍳 Family Cook-off 家庭厨艺赛
每位家庭成员做一道菜,全家品尝评分 —— 谁的最好吃就是 "this week's chef"(本周大厨)!

🏆 美国著名烹饪节目
📺 MasterChef(厨艺大师)—— Gordon Ramsay 主持
👨‍🍳 MasterChef Junior(厨艺大师·小厨师版)—— 8-13 岁孩子比赛!
🍰 The Great British Bake Off(英国烘焙大赛)—— 治愈系,超火!

🥘 美式家常菜
🍝 spaghetti(意面)
🍔 hamburger(汉堡)
🌮 tacos(墨西哥卷饼)
🥧 mac and cheese(芝士通心粉)
🍪 chocolate chip cookies(巧克力曲奇)

💡 "Different recipes, different tastes"(不同食谱,不同味道)—— 这是 cooking 的魅力,没有标准答案,每个人都能创造自己的味道!

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了特殊形式的比较级(必背!)
✅ 我掌握了fewer vs less(一对常考!)
✅ 我掌握了名词性物主代词(mine / yours / his ...)
✅ 我掌握了much / even + 比较级(加强语气)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 10 · The note in the old book 旧书里的纸条

新知识点:复合不定代词(something / anything / nothing / everything ...) + 不定代词作主语:动词用单数

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 10

Lesson 10 · 旧书里的纸条

The note in the old book
📚 复合不定代词

📖 Text 课文

旧书里的纸条
📚📜✏️🕰️
Lesson 10
🔊Last weekend at Grandma's house, I went up to the attic.
🔊I wanted to find something fun.
🔊There were many old boxes there.
🔊I opened them one by one.
🔊Inside the third box, I saw an old book.
🔊When I opened it, something white fell out.
🔊It was a folded note.
🔊Nothing special — just one line of words.
🔊It said, "To anyone who reads this book in the future."
🔊Who wrote it?
🔊I asked Grandma.
🔊She thought for a moment and said, "It was your grandpa."
🔊Before he passed away, Grandpa loved to hide little notes.
🔊He left something for everyone in the family.
🔊But I had never received anything before.
🔊On the back of the note, there was one more line:
🔊"May there always be stars in your eyes."
🔊I put the note in my notebook.
🔊Maybe one day I will leave something for someone too.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
attic/ˈætɪk/n. 阁楼
box/bɒks/n. 箱子
something/ˈsʌmθɪŋ/pron. 某物;某事
inside/ɪnˈsaɪd/prep. 在……里面
fell out/fel aʊt/phrase 掉出来(过去式)
folded/ˈfəʊldɪd/adj. 折着的
note/nəʊt/n. 纸条;便条
nothing/ˈnʌθɪŋ/pron. 什么都没有
special/ˈspeʃl/adj. 特别的
anyone/ˈeniwʌn/pron. 任何人
future/ˈfjuːtʃə/n. 未来;将来
thought/θɔːt/v. 想(过去式)
pass away/pɑːs əˈweɪ/phrase 去世;过世
hide/haɪd/v. 藏;躲
everyone/ˈevriwʌn/pron. 每个人
received/rɪˈsiːvd/v. 收到(过去式)
anything/ˈeniθɪŋ/pron. 任何东西
back/bæk/n. 背面;后面
someone/ˈsʌmwʌn/pron. 某个人
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
atticn.阁楼

用法:房子最顶层放杂物的地方

go up to the attic — 上阁楼

💡 类似:basement 地下室

boxn.箱子

用法:复数 boxes

old boxes — 旧箱子

💡 类似:carton 纸盒

somethingpron.某物;某事

用法:some + thing,肯定句用

something fun — 有意思的东西

💡 反义:nothing 没什么

insideprep.在……里面

用法:反义词 outside

inside the box — 在箱子里

💡 反义:outside 外面

fell outphrase掉出来(过去式)

用法:fall out → fell out

something fell out — 有东西掉了出来

💡 原形:fall out

foldedadj.折着的

用法:fold + ed → folded

a folded note — 折着的纸条

💡 动词:fold 折

noten.纸条;便条

用法:简短的字条

leave a note — 留张纸条

💡 类似:letter 信

nothingpron.什么都没有

用法:no + thing

nothing special — 没什么特别

💡 反义:something

specialadj.特别的

用法:something special / nothing special

nothing special — 没什么特别

💡 反义:ordinary 普通的

anyonepron.任何人

用法:any + one

to anyone who reads — 给任何读到的人

💡 同义:anybody

futuren.未来;将来

用法:in the future = 将来

in the future — 将来

💡 反义:past 过去

thoughtv.想(过去式)

用法:think → thought,<strong>不规则</strong>

She thought for a moment. — 她想了一会儿。

💡 think (现在) / thought (过去)

pass awayphrase去世;过世

用法:比 die 更委婉

before he passed away — 他去世前

💡 近义:die 死(直白)

hidev.藏;躲

用法:过去式 hid(不规则)

hide notes — 藏纸条

💡 反义:show 给人看

everyonepron.每个人

用法:every + one

something for everyone — 给每个人的东西

💡 同义:everybody

receivedv.收到(过去式)

用法:receive + d → received

never received anything — 从没收到过

💡 反义:give 给

anythingpron.任何东西

用法:any + thing,否定/疑问用

never received anything — 从没收到任何东西

💡 同类:something

backn.背面;后面

用法:on the back = 在背面

on the back of the note — 纸条背面

💡 反义:front 正面

someonepron.某个人

用法:some + one

leave something for someone — 给某个人留点什么

💡 同义:somebody

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 go up to the attic
上阁楼
🔊 find something fun
找些有趣的东西
🔊 one by one
一个接一个
🔊 an old book
一本旧书
🔊 a folded note
一张折叠的便条
🔊 fell out
掉了出来
🔊 many old boxes
许多旧盒子

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周末在外婆家,我上了阁楼。

我想找点有意思的东西。

阁楼里有很多旧箱子。我一个个打开。

在第三个箱子里,我看到一本很旧的书。

我打开它,一张白色的东西掉了出来。

是一张折着的纸条。没什么特别的——只有一行字。

上面写着:"给将来读到这本书的人。"

谁写的?我问外婆。

她想了一会儿,说:"是你外公。"

外公去世前,喜欢藏小纸条。

他给家里每个人都留过点什么。

但我以前从没收到过任何一张。

纸条背面,还有一行字:

"愿你眼里永远有星星。"

我把纸条放进了我的笔记本。

也许有一天,我也会给某个人留点什么。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:复合不定代词
some/any/no/every + thing/one/body/where
📐 句型拆解
▸ 肯定句用 some- something, someone, somewhere
▸ 疑问/否定用 any- anything, anyone, anywhere
▸ no- = 没有 nothing, no one, nowhere
▸ every- = 每个 everything, everyone, everywhere
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I found something interesting. 我发现了一些有趣的东西。
🔊 Everyone is happy today. 今天每个人都开心。
⚠️ 复合不定代词作主语时,动词用单数!"Everyone is" 而不是 "Everyone are"。

一、复合不定代词(something / anything / nothing / everything ...)

some / any / no / everything / one / body 拼起来,就成了"复合不定代词"。

完整对照表(必背):

something 某事 / 某物  肯定句用
anything 任何事 / 任何东西  否定/疑问用
nothing 什么都没有  本身否定
everything 一切;每件事  强调全部
someone / somebody 某个人  肯定句用
anyone / anybody 任何人  否定/疑问用
no one / nobody 没有人  本身否定
everyone / everybody 每个人  强调全部

课文里的例句:

I wanted to find something fun. — 我想找点有意思的东西。
Nothing special — just one line. — 没什么特别,就一行字。
To anyone who reads this book. — 给任何读到这本书的人。
He left something for everyone. — 他给每个人都留了点什么。
I had never received anything. — 我从没收到过任何东西。
Maybe one day I will leave something for someone. — 也许有一天我也会给某个人留点什么。
🎵 口诀:肯定 some,否疑 any,no 全否定,every 全肯定。

二、不定代词作主语:动词用单数

虽然 everything(一切)、everyone(每个人)听起来像复数,但语法上当单数用,后面动词加 s。

Everyone is here. — 每个人都来了。(is 单数)
Something is wrong. — 出问题了。(is 单数)
Nothing happens here. — 这里什么都没发生。(happens 单数)
Everything looks fine. — 一切看起来都好。(looks 单数)
⚠️ 记一句话:以 -thing / -one / -body 结尾的复合代词都是单数

三、形容词放在不定代词后面(特殊语序!)

形容词修饰不定代词时,放后面,不是前面。

课文里的例子:

something fun — 有趣的东西(不是 fun something)
nothing special — 没什么特别的(不是 special nothing)

更多例子:

something delicious — 好吃的东西
anything new — 什么新东西
someone famous — 某个名人
everything possible — 一切可能的事
💡 一般情况下英语里形容词在名词前(a red apple)。但不定代词是例外,形容词在后。

四、anyone / someone + who 引导的从句

在不定代词后面用 who 引出修饰它的句子,相当于"……的人"。

To anyone who reads this book. — 给读到这本书的任何人。
There is someone who can help you. — 有人能帮你。
Everyone who came was happy. — 所有来的人都很开心。
💡 这个结构稍微高级,先理解整体意思就好。after Lesson 11 会更熟练。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I wanted to find something fun.
我想找点有意思的东西。
1. something 肯定句用,"某物"。
2. fun(有趣的)放在 something 后面(特殊语序)。
3. 不能写 "find fun something"。
📝 即练:
填空:I want ___ ___ to eat.(甜的东西,sweet) → something sweet (不定代词后跟形容词。)
改错:I saw fun something. → something fun (形容词放后面。)
🔊
He left something for everyone in the family.
他给家里每个人都留过点什么。
1. something(某物)+ for everyone(给每个人)。
2. left = leave 的过去式(不规则)。
3. everyone 单数概念,但意思是"所有人"。
📝 即练:
填空:She gave ___ a gift.(每个人) → everyone (everyone = 每个人。)
填空:leave 的过去式是 ___ → left (leave → left(不规则)。)
🔊
I had never received anything before.
我以前从没收到过任何东西。
1. never(从未)已经表示否定。
2. anything(任何东西)用于否定句。
3. 不能用 something,因为已经有 never 表示否定。
📝 即练:
填空:I don't have ___ to say.(任何) → anything (否定句用 anything。)
改错:I never saw something. → anything (never 表否定,要用 anything。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:some- / any- / no- / every- 16 个复合不定代词
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:阁楼)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:某物)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:里面)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:折叠的)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:便条)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:没什么)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:阁楼 首字母:a _ _ _ _ →
2意思:盒子 首字母:b _ _ →
3意思:便条 首字母:n _ _ _ →
4意思:折叠 首字母:f _ _ _ _ _ →
5意思:某物 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
6意思:没什么 首字母:n _ _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:组合 some/any/no/every + thing/one/body/where(共 8 题)

把前缀和后缀组合成正确的复合不定代词:

1🔊some + thing = ___
2🔊any + thing = ___
3🔊no + thing = ___
4🔊every + thing = ___
5🔊some + one = ___
6🔊any + body = ___
7🔊every + where = ___
8🔊no + one = ___

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用 something / anything / nothing / everything 等填空(共 8 题)

注意区分肯定句、疑问句、否定句的用法:

1🔊I want to find fun. (肯定句)
2🔊Is there in the box? (疑问句)
3🔊There is inside. (空盒子)
4🔊 in our class loves reading. (每个人)
5🔊I didn't see in the attic. (否定句)
6🔊 is wrong with my computer. (出问题了)
7🔊She has to do today. (很多事)
8🔊 knows the answer. (没人)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成句子,注意单复数:

1🔊盒子里有什么吗?Is there in the box?
2🔊我想找有趣的东西。I want to find .
3🔊每个人都开心。 happy. (注意单数)
4🔊我什么也没找到。I found .
5🔊有人在敲门。 is knocking at the door.
6🔊阁楼里没人。 is in the attic.

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊I have something to tell you. (改为否定句)
2🔊There is someone in the room. (改为一般疑问句)
3🔊I want a fun thing. (用 something 改写)
4🔊No one knows the answer. (用 nobody 改写)
5🔊Every person is here. (用 everyone 改写)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Is there something interesting in the box? 🔊
2Nobody were home yesterday. 🔊
3I want fun something to do. 🔊
4Everyone are happy today. 🔊
5I didn't see somebody there. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. go up to the attic 掉出来
🔊2. a folded note 一张折叠的便条
🔊3. inside the box 有趣的东西
🔊4. fell out 盒子里面
🔊5. one by one 一个接一个
🔊6. something interesting 上阁楼

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1盒子里有什么吗? 🔊
2我想找一些有趣的东西。 🔊
3每个人都在这里。 🔊
4🔊There were many old boxes there.
5🔊Inside the third box, I saw an old book.
6🔊A folded note fell out.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊Where did the speaker go?
2🔊What did the speaker find?
3🔊How many old boxes were there?
4🔊Where did the note come from?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 复合不定代词 some/any/no/every

some / any / no / everything / one / body / where 组合,构成 16 个复合不定代词:

thingonebodywhere
some-somethingsomeonesomebodysomewhere
any-anythinganyoneanybodyanywhere
no-nothingno onenobodynowhere
every-everythingeveryoneeverybodyeverywhere

📐 用法
🔸 some- 用于肯定句I found something in the box.
🔸 any- 用于疑问句/否定句
  Is there anything in the box?
  I don't see anyone.
🔸 no- = "没有"(本身就是否定):There's nothing inside.
🔸 every- = "每个":Everyone is here.

⚠️ 重要:复合不定代词当主语时用单数 be 动词
  ✅ Everyone is happy. ❌ Everyone are happy.
  ✅ Something is wrong.

📜 英语文化小常识 · Notes in Old Books 旧书藏故事

旧书、二手书里找到陌生人的纸条是一种独特的浪漫——英美文化里很常见!

📚 常见的"旧书惊喜"
💌 love letters(情书)
📝 handwritten notes(手写笔记)
🌸 pressed flowers(压花标本)
📷 old photographs(旧照片)
🎫 concert tickets(演唱会票根)

📚 有名的"书中宝藏"
🏛️ 美国二手书店里发现的最贵手稿曾卖出 $1,000,000
📖 经典电影 "84, Charing Cross Road"(《查令十字街 84 号》)—— 通过买书结识笔友的真实故事

📜 recommendation 推荐
🏪 美国 thrift stores(旧物店)和 used bookstores(二手书店)
📚 著名连锁:Half Price Books、Goodwill

💡 文化思考:你愿意在借出的书里留一张小纸条给下一位读者吗?这是一种跨越时空的连接!🌌

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了复合不定代词(something / anything / nothing / everything ...)
✅ 我掌握了不定代词作主语:动词用单数
✅ 我掌握了形容词放在不定代词后面(特殊语序!)
✅ 我掌握了anyone / someone + who 引导的从句

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 11 · The day I met my pen pal 我见到笔友的那一天

新知识点:本章综合 · 过去时全景复习 + 本章综合 · 比较级 + 最高级

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 14 · LESSON 11

Lesson 11 · 我见到笔友的那一天

The day I met my pen pal
📚 本章综合复习(过去时 + 比较级 + 最高级 + 不定代词)

📖 Text 课文

我见到笔友的那一天
✉️🤝✈️😊
Lesson 11
🔊Last year, I made a pen pal named Anna.
🔊She lives in another city.
🔊We wrote letters for a whole year.
🔊Last month, she finally came to visit me.
🔊I was more nervous than ever before.
🔊What if we had nothing to talk about?
🔊But the moment I saw her, all my worries disappeared.
🔊Anna was taller than I imagined,
🔊but her smile was as warm as it was in her letters.
🔊We went to the city museum together.
🔊It is the most interesting place in our city.
🔊There was an old clock — the oldest one we had ever seen.
🔊In the evening, Anna gave me something special:
🔊a photo of her hometown.
🔊We talked until midnight.
🔊Before I met her, I didn't believe you could be close to someone you only met once.
🔊Now I do.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
pen pal/pen pæl/n. 笔友
named/neɪmd/v. 名叫;命名(过去分词)
another/əˈnʌðə/adj. 另一个的
wrote/rəʊt/v. 写(过去式)
whole/həʊl/adj. 整个的
finally/ˈfaɪnəli/adv. 终于;最后
visit/ˈvɪzɪt/v. 看望;参观
nervous/ˈnɜːvəs/adj. 紧张的
ever/ˈevə/adv. 曾经;以往
imagined/ɪˈmædʒɪnd/v. 想象(过去式)
smile/smaɪl/n./v. 微笑
warm/wɔːm/adj. 温暖的
museum/mjuˈzɪəm/n. 博物馆
clock/klɒk/n. 钟
oldest/ˈəʊldɪst/adj. 最老的;最古老的
hometown/ˌhəʊmˈtaʊn/n. 家乡
midnight/ˈmɪdnaɪt/n. 半夜;午夜
close/kləʊs/adj. 亲近的;近的
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
pen paln.笔友

用法:pen(笔)+ pal(朋友)

a pen pal named Anna — 一个叫安娜的笔友

💡 类似:friend 朋友

namedv.名叫;命名(过去分词)

用法:name + d,常作"叫……的"

a friend named Sam — 一个叫山姆的朋友

💡 近义:called 叫……的

anotheradj.另一个的

用法:an + other

another city — 另一个城市

💡 相关:other 其他的

wrotev.写(过去式)

用法:write → wrote,<strong>不规则</strong>

We wrote letters. — 我们写信。

💡 write (现在) / wrote (过去)

wholeadj.整个的

用法:a whole year = 整整一年

a whole year — 整整一年

💡 近义:entire 整个

finallyadv.终于;最后

用法:final + ly

She finally came. — 她终于来了。

💡 近义:at last 终于

visitv.看望;参观

用法:过去式 visited

come to visit me — 来看我

💡 类似:see 见

nervousadj.紧张的

用法:心里慌的感觉

I was nervous. — 我紧张。

💡 反义:calm 平静的

everadv.曾经;以往

用法:than ever before = 比以往任何时候

more nervous than ever — 比以往更紧张

💡 反义:never 从不

imaginedv.想象(过去式)

用法:imagine + d → imagined

taller than I imagined — 比我想象的高

💡 原形:imagine

smilen./v.微笑

用法:名词或动词都行

her smile — 她的笑容

💡 动词过去式:smiled

warmadj.温暖的

用法:可形容温度,也形容感觉

warm smile — 温暖的笑容

💡 反义:cold 冷的

museumn.博物馆

用法:展示文物的地方

go to the museum — 去博物馆

💡 类似:library 图书馆

clockn.

用法:看时间的装置

an old clock — 一座老钟

💡 类似:watch 表

oldestadj.最老的;最古老的

用法:old + est → oldest

the oldest one — 最古老的那个

💡 原级:old

hometownn.家乡

用法:home(家)+ town(镇)

her hometown — 她的家乡

💡 类似:village 村庄

midnightn.半夜;午夜

用法:mid(中)+ night(夜)

until midnight — 直到半夜

💡 反义:noon 中午

closeadj.亲近的;近的

用法:关系亲近 / 距离近

be close to someone — 和某人很近 / 亲近

💡 反义:far 远

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 a pen pal named Anna
一个叫安娜的笔友
🔊 live in another city
住在另一个城市
🔊 write letters for a whole year
写了一整年的信
🔊 come to visit
来拜访
🔊 be more nervous than ever before
比以往任何时候都更紧张
🔊 What if...?
万一……怎么办?
🔊 the happiest day of my life
我生命中最快乐的一天

🇨🇳 参考译文

去年,我交了一个笔友,叫安娜。

她住在另一个城市。我们写了整整一年的信。

上个月,她终于来看我了。

我从没那么紧张过。

万一我们没什么可聊的?

但我看见她的那一刻,所有担心都消失了。

安娜比我想象的高,

但她的笑容和信里一样温暖。

我们一起去了城市博物馆。

那是我们城市最有意思的地方。

那里有一座老钟——是我们见过最古老的。

晚上,安娜给了我一个特别的东西:

一张她家乡的照片。

我们聊到了半夜。

见到她以前,我不相信你能跟一个只见过一次的人那么熟。

现在我相信了。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:本章综合复习
过去时 + 比较级 + 最高级 + 不定代词
📐 句型拆解
▸ 过去时 was/were, -ed, did, didn't
▸ 比较级 -er, more, than
▸ 最高级 the -est, the most
▸ 不定代词 some-/any-/no-/every-
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 That was the happiest day of my life. 那是我一生最快乐的一天。
🔊 I told everyone about my pen pal. 我把笔友的事告诉了所有人。
🔄 把第十四章学的所有语法点综合起来用,做到融会贯通。

一、本章综合 · 过去时全景复习

过去时主要看 4 种句子:肯定 / 否定 / 一般疑问 / 特殊疑问。be 动词和一般动词分别有自己的规则。

1. 肯定句

I made a pen pal last year. — 我去年交了一个笔友。(make → made)
She was tall. — 她(那时)个子高。(is → was)

2. 否定句

I didn't believe it before. — 我以前不相信。(didn't + 原形)
She wasn't shy. — 她(那时)不害羞。(wasn't)

3. 一般疑问句

Did you write to her? — 你给她写信了吗?(Did + 原形)
Were you nervous? — 你(那时)紧张吗?

4. 特殊疑问句

When did she come? — 她什么时候来的?
Where was the museum? — 博物馆在哪?
🎵 记一句话:肯定 was/were/-ed/不规则;否定 didn't/wasn't/weren't;疑问 Did/Was/Were 提到前面。

二、本章综合 · 比较级 + 最高级

两个比 → 用比较级 + than;三个或以上比 → 用 the + 最高级

课文里的比较级:

I was more nervous than ever before. — 我比以往任何时候都紧张。
Anna was taller than I imagined. — 安娜比我想象的高。
Her smile was as warm as it was in her letters. — 她的笑容和信里一样温暖。

课文里的最高级:

It is the most interesting place in our city. — 那是我们城市最有意思的地方。
The oldest one we had ever seen. — 我们见过最古老的。

三种比较结构对比:

as + 原级 + as as warm as it was  一样……(同等)
比较级 + than taller than I imagined  比……更…(差异)
the + 最高级 + in/of the most interesting in our city  最…(顶级)

三、本章综合 · 不定代词

复合不定代词的用法在课文里都有体现。

What if we had nothing to talk about? — 万一我们没什么可聊的?(nothing)
All my worries disappeared. — 我所有的担心都消失了。(all)
Anna gave me something special. — 安娜给了我一个特别的东西。(something special)
Someone you only met once. — 一个只见过一次的人。(someone)
💡 形容词放在不定代词后:nothing to talk about / something special。

四、as + 原级 + as(一样……)

表示"一样……"用 as + 原级 + as。否定形式 not as ... as 表示"不如……"。

Her smile was as warm as it was in her letters. — 她的笑容和信里一样温暖。
I am as tall as you. — 我和你一样高。
This book is as good as that one. — 这本书和那本一样好。

否定形式:not as ... as = 不如……

I am not as tall as my brother. — 我不如哥哥高。
⚠️ as ... as 中间用原级(tall),不是比较级(taller)!

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
I was more nervous than ever before.
我从没那么紧张过。
1. more nervous:nervous 多音节,比较级加 more。
2. than ever before = 比以往任何时候。
3. 这是最高程度的表达,比单纯说"很紧张"更强。
📝 即练:
填空:nervous 的比较级是 ___ → more nervous (多音节加 more。)
翻译:我比以往任何时候都开心。 I am ___ ___ ___ ever. → happier than (happier than ever。)
🔊
It is the most interesting place in our city.
那是我们城市最有意思的地方。
1. the most interesting:interesting 多音节,最高级加 most。
2. in our city:范围用 in。
3. 最高级前必须有 the。
📝 即练:
填空:It is ___ ___ ___ book in the library.(最有意思的) → the most interesting (最高级 + in。)
改错:It is most interesting place. → the most interesting (最高级前要加 the。)
🔊
Her smile was as warm as it was in her letters.
她的笑容和信里一样温暖。
1. as warm as = 一样温暖。
2. as ... as 中间用原级(warm),不用比较级。
3. 第二个 as 后面是从句(it was in her letters)。
📝 即练:
填空:I am as ___ as you.(聪明) → smart (as + 原级 + as。)
改错:I am as taller as you. → tall (as 中间用原级。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:过去时 + 比较级 + 最高级 + 复合不定代词
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:笔友)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:整个)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:最终)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:拜访)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:紧张的)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:另一个)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:笔友 首字母:p _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:整个的 首字母:w _ _ _ _ →
3意思:最终 首字母:f _ _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:紧张的 首字母:n _ _ _ _ _ _ →
5意思:拜访 首字母:v _ _ _ _ →
6意思:另一个 首字母:a _ _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:综合操练:过去式、比较级、最高级、不定代词(共 8 题)

判断每题考什么语法点,并填出正确形式:

1🔊write → ___ (过去式)
2🔊happy → ___ (最高级)
3🔊nervous → ___ (比较级)
4🔊every + one = ___ (复合)
5🔊see → ___ (过去式)
6🔊exciting → ___ (最高级)
7🔊short → ___ (比较级)
8🔊some + thing = ___ (复合)

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:用括号词的正确形式填空(共 8 题)

注意时态、级别变化、复合不定代词:

1🔊Last year, I a pen pal. (make)
2🔊We letters for a whole year. (write)
3🔊I was than ever before. (nervous)
4🔊That was the day of my life. (happy)
5🔊 in my class has a pen pal. (every)
6🔊We a great time together. (have)
7🔊She is than me. (short)
8🔊Is there from her? (any)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(综合)(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文(综合运用本章 4 大语法点):

1🔊她住在另一个城市。She lives in .
2🔊我们写了一整年的信。We wrote letters for .
3🔊我比以往任何时候都紧张。I was ever before.
4🔊那是我生命中最快乐的一天。It was of my life.
5🔊我告诉了所有人。I told .
6🔊她比我矮但更爱说话。She was me but .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊She lives in a city. The city is different. (用 another 合并)
2🔊We wrote letters. For the whole year. (合并)
3🔊I am nervous. (改为"比以往更紧张")
4🔊It was a happy day. (改为最高级"我生命中最快乐的一天")
5🔊I have a pen pal. (改为一般疑问句)

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1I writed letters to my pen pal. 🔊
2She lives in other city. 🔊
3It was happiest day. 🔊
4I was more nervouser. 🔊
5Everyone are here. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. pen pal 终于见面
🔊2. another city 最快乐的一天
🔊3. a whole year 更紧张
🔊4. finally met 另一个城市
🔊5. more nervous 整整一年
🔊6. the happiest day 笔友

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1我有一个叫安娜的笔友。 🔊
2她住在另一个城市。 🔊
3那是我生命中最快乐的一天。 🔊
4🔊We wrote letters for a whole year.
5🔊I was more nervous than ever before.
6🔊She was shorter than me but more talkative.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊Who is Anna?
2🔊How long did they write letters?
3🔊How did the speaker feel before meeting?
4🔊What was the meeting day like?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · Chapter 14 时态综合 · 一表看懂

Chapter 14 是大综合 — 4 个语法点串起来:

🕐 ① 过去时(was/were + did + 不规则动词)
  I was 9 years old. I wrote my first letter.

📏 ② 比较级(-er / more)
  My handwriting is better than his.

🏆 ③ 最高级(the -est / the most)
  That was the most exciting day of my life.

🔍 ④ 复合不定代词
  I told everyone about my pen pal.

🎯 怎么把它们组合起来用?
看课文: "My pen pal lived in another city. I wrote to her for a whole year. Finally, we met! She was shorter than me but more talkative. It was the happiest day."

💡 看到了吗?一段话里同时有过去式(lived/wrote)、比较级(shorter/more talkative)、最高级(happiest)、不定代词(another/whole)。

✉️ 英语文化小常识 · Pen Pals 笔友文化

Pen pal(笔友)—— 通过写信交朋友——是英美非常重要的童年文化!

📮 笔友的历史
📜 从 20 世纪初开始,西方孩子开始与其他国家的孩子通信,学语言、交朋友。
✈️ 长时间通信后第一次见面,是非常激动的时刻——课文里 Lily 的故事!

💌 典型笔友信件内容
👋 Dear [Name],
How are you? My name is...

🏫 介绍自己学校、家庭、兴趣
📷 附上自己的照片
🎁 偶尔寄小礼物(书签、贴纸)

🌍 现代笔友
很多组织(如 InterPalsGlobal Penfriends)让全球小朋友安全交笔友。

📚 经典笔友书
📖 "Dear America" 系列 —— 通过虚构日记体小说讲历史
📖 "P.S. Longer Letter Later" —— 两个女孩通过信件维持友谊的故事

💡 "It was the happiest day of my life when we finally met." —— 这种友谊跨越时间的感觉,只有笔友能体会!

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了本章综合 · 过去时全景复习
✅ 我掌握了本章综合 · 比较级 + 最高级
✅ 我掌握了本章综合 · 不定代词
✅ 我掌握了as + 原级 + as(一样……)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 12 · First day at the new school 转学第一天

新知识点:问路常用句型 + 指路常用句型

⬆️ 返回目录
CHAPTER 15

交际用语 · 问路 / 购物 / 看病

Daily Conversations · Directions, Shopping & Hospital Visits
📚 包含 Lesson 12 - 14
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 12

Lesson 12 · 转学第一天

First day at the new school
📚 交际用语 · 问路 / 方位

📖 Text 课文

转学第一天
🏫🎒👋📚
Lesson 12
🔊Today is my first day at the new school.
🔊Everything is new.
🔊I don't know where anything is.
🔊In the morning, I asked the teacher, "Excuse me, where is the bathroom?"
🔊The teacher said, "Go down the hall.
🔊It's on your right."
🔊At lunchtime, I asked a classmate, "How do I get to the cafeteria?"
🔊She smiled and said, "Come with me!
🔊I'll show you the way."
🔊After school, I couldn't find Gate B.
🔊I asked the guard, "Excuse me, how can I get to Gate B?"
🔊He said, "Go straight, then turn right at the second corner."
🔊At the bus stop, I asked an old lady, "Which bus goes to Garden Street?"
🔊She said, "Bus 15.
🔊It comes every half hour."
🔊In bed at night, I thought:
🔊I asked so many questions today, but everyone was kind to me.
🔊Tomorrow I want to leave home a little earlier —
🔊maybe I can help a new student who looks as nervous as I did.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
excuse me/ɪkˈskjuːz miː/phrase 请问;打扰一下
bathroom/ˈbɑːθruːm/n. 洗手间;卫生间
hall/hɔːl/n. 走廊;大厅
right/raɪt/n./adj. 右边;对的
left/left/n./adj. 左边
cafeteria/ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/n. 食堂
classmate/ˈklɑːsmeɪt/n. 同学
gate/ɡeɪt/n. 大门
guard/ɡɑːd/n. 门卫;保安
straight/streɪt/adv./adj. 直地;直的
corner/ˈkɔːnə/n. 路口;拐角
bus stop/bʌs stɒp/n. 公交站
lady/ˈleɪdi/n. 女士;夫人
street/striːt/n. 街道
half/hɑːf/n. 一半
kind/kaɪnd/adj. 善良的;友好的
earlier/ˈɜːliə/adv. 更早地
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
excuse mephrase请问;打扰一下

用法:问陌生人前的礼貌话

Excuse me, where is...? — 请问……在哪里?

💡 近义:sorry to bother

bathroomn.洗手间;卫生间

用法:上厕所的地方

where is the bathroom — 洗手间在哪里

💡 近义:toilet 厕所

halln.走廊;大厅

用法:楼里的长通道

go down the hall — 沿走廊走

💡 类似:corridor 走廊

rightn./adj.右边;对的

用法:on your right = 在你右边

on your right — 在你右边

💡 反义:left 左边

leftn./adj.左边

用法:on your left = 在你左边

on your left — 在你左边

💡 反义:right 右边

cafeterian.食堂

用法:学校吃饭的地方

school cafeteria — 学校食堂

💡 近义:canteen 食堂

classmaten.同学

用法:class(班)+ mate(伙伴)

a classmate — 一个同学

💡 类似:friend 朋友

gaten.大门

用法:建筑或学校的入口大门

Gate B — B 门

💡 类似:door 门

guardn.门卫;保安

用法:看大门的人

asked the guard — 问门卫

💡 近义:security 保安

straightadv./adj.直地;直的

用法:go straight = 直走

Go straight. — 直走。

💡 反义:turn 转

cornern.路口;拐角

用法:路转弯的地方

at the second corner — 在第二个路口

💡 类似:crossing 十字路口

bus stopn.公交站

用法:bus + stop

at the bus stop — 在公交站

💡 类似:station 车站

ladyn.女士;夫人

用法:尊敬的称呼成年女性

an old lady — 一位老奶奶

💡 反义:gentleman 先生

streetn.街道

用法:Garden Street = 花园街

Garden Street — 花园街

💡 类似:road 路

halfn.一半

用法:half hour = 半小时

every half hour — 每半小时

💡 相关:whole 整个

kindadj.善良的;友好的

用法:搭配 be kind to sb.

kind to me — 对我友好

💡 近义:nice 好的

earlieradv.更早地

用法:early → earlier

a little earlier — 稍早一点

💡 反义:later 更晚

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 the first day at school
在学校的第一天
🔊 Excuse me
打扰一下
🔊 Where is the bathroom?
洗手间在哪?
🔊 go down the hall
沿走廊走
🔊 turn left / right
左/右转
🔊 on your right
在你右边
🔊 next to / across from
紧挨着/在……对面
🔊 Thank you so much!
非常感谢!

🇨🇳 参考译文

今天是我转学的第一天。

一切都是新的。我不知道什么东西在哪儿。

早上,我问老师:"对不起,请问洗手间在哪里?"

老师说:"走过走廊,在你右边。"

午饭时间,我问一个同学:"食堂怎么走?"

她笑着说:"跟我来!我带你去。"

放学后,我找不到 B 门。

我问门卫:"对不起,B 门怎么走?"

他说:"直走,在第二个路口右转。"

在公交站,我问一位老奶奶:"哪辆车到花园街?"

她说:"15 路。半小时一趟。"

晚上躺在床上,我想:

我今天问了好多问题,但每个人都对我很好。

明天我想早点出门——

也许我能帮一个像我昨天一样紧张的新同学。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:问路 / 方位
Excuse me, where is + 地点 ? / Go straight / Turn left / right
📐 句型拆解
▸ 问路 Excuse me, where is...?
▸ 指路 Go straight / Turn left / right
▸ 方位词 next to, across from, between
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 Excuse me, where is the bathroom? 打扰一下,洗手间在哪?
🔊 Go down the hall, turn left. 沿走廊走,然后左转。
🙋 问路前先说 "Excuse me",最礼貌的英语开场!

一、问路常用句型

想问路?这几个句型反复用就够了。前面加 Excuse me 显得有礼貌。

1. 问"……在哪里?"

Excuse me, where is the bathroom? — 请问,洗手间在哪里?
Where is the bus stop? — 公交站在哪里?

2. 问"怎么去……?"

How do I get to the cafeteria? — 食堂怎么走?
How can I get to Gate B? — B 门怎么走?
Could you tell me how to get to the museum? — 能告诉我博物馆怎么走吗?(更礼貌)

3. 问"哪辆车 / 哪条路?"

Which bus goes to Garden Street? — 哪辆车到花园街?
Which way is the school? — 学校往哪边走?

4. 问"远不远?"

Is it far from here? — 离这里远吗?
How far is it? — 有多远?
🎵 问路必备 4 句:Where is...? / How do I get to...? / Which bus...? / Is it far?

二、指路常用句型

别人问你路怎么走,用这几个动词就够了:go / turn / take

1. 直走 / 转弯

Go straight. — 直走。
Go down the hall. — 沿走廊走。
Turn left. — 左转。
Turn right at the second corner. — 在第二个路口右转。

2. 在……边

It's on your left. — 它在你左边。
It's on your right. — 它在你右边。
It's next to the school. — 它在学校旁边。
It's across from the bank. — 它在银行对面。

3. 坐车的指引

Take Bus 15. — 坐 15 路车。
It comes every half hour. — 半小时一趟。
💡 指路常常用祈使句(动词原形开头),简洁直接:Go straight. Turn left.

三、arrive / reach / get to(到达,三个近义词)

"到达"有 3 种说法,用法略不同。

1. arrive at + 小地点 / arrive in + 大地点

arrive at the school 到学校 — 小地方用 at
arrive in Beijing 到北京 — 大地方用 in

2. reach + 地点(强调"到达目的地",正式)

We reached the top. — 我们到达了山顶。

3. get to + 地点(口语最常用)

How do I get to the bus stop? — 公交站怎么走?
I got to school at 8. — 我 8 点到的学校。
💡 口语首选 get to,写作可以用 arrive。reach 比较正式。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
请问,洗手间在哪里?
1. Excuse me 是问陌生人前的礼貌开场。
2. Where is + 单数
3. 复数则用 Where are:Where are the bathrooms?
📝 即练:
填空:___ ___, where is the bus stop?(请问) → Excuse me (Excuse me 礼貌开头。)
改错:Where are the bathroom? → is (bathroom 单数 → is。)
🔊
How do I get to the cafeteria?
食堂怎么走?
1. 句型:How do I get to + 地点?
2. get to = 到达(口语常用)。
3. 也可以说 How can I get to...?(更委婉)
📝 即练:
填空:How ___ I get to the library? → do (How do I get to...?)
翻译:博物馆怎么走? How do I ___ ___ the museum? → get to (get to + 地点。)
🔊
Go straight, then turn right at the second corner.
直走,在第二个路口右转。
1. Go straight = 直走(祈使句)。
2. turn right = 右转。
3. at the second corner = 在第二个路口(at + 具体点)。
📝 即练:
填空:___ ___ at the corner.(左转) → Turn left (左转 = Turn left。)
翻译:直走,然后在路口右转。 ___ ___, then turn right at the corner. → Go straight (Go straight 直走。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:问路常用句型 + 方位介词
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:打扰一下)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:洗手间)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:大厅/走廊)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:食堂)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:右边)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:左边)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:洗手间 首字母:b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:走廊 首字母:h _ _ _ →
3意思:食堂 首字母:c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:大门 首字母:g _ _ _ →
5意思:同学 首字母:c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
6意思:对面 首字母:a _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:常用问路 / 方位短语补全(共 8 题)

补全下面的常用短语:

1🔊Excuse ___ (打扰一下)
2🔊Turn ___ (左转)
3🔊Turn ___ (右转)
4🔊Go ___ (直走)
5🔊___ ___ (在……旁边)
6🔊___ ___ (在……对面)
7🔊___ ___ ___ (在……尽头)
8🔊on your ___ (在你右边)

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:问路对话填空(共 8 题)

把下面对话补完整:

1🔊A: , where is the bathroom?
2🔊B: the hall and left.
3🔊A: the library?
4🔊B: It's the cafeteria.
5🔊A: How do I the gate?
6🔊B: Go straight, it's on your .
7🔊A: the classroom?
8🔊B: It's the office.

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文:

1🔊打扰一下,洗手间在哪? , where is the bathroom?
2🔊直走然后右转。Go , then .
3🔊图书馆在食堂旁边。The library is the cafeteria.
4🔊教室在大门对面。The classroom is the gate.
5🔊我是新生。I am new .
6🔊谢谢你的帮助。Thank you .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊Where is the bathroom? (加"打扰一下"开头)
2🔊You turn left. (改为指令)
3🔊You go straight. (改为指令)
4🔊Tell me where the cafeteria is. (改为礼貌问句)
5🔊The library is in the building. (加"在你右边")

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Excuse, where is the bathroom? 🔊
2Turn the left. 🔊
3Go to straight. 🔊
4The library is in the next to gate. 🔊
5I am new the here. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. Excuse me 在……对面
🔊2. go straight 直走
🔊3. turn left 左转
🔊4. turn right 紧挨着
🔊5. next to 打扰一下
🔊6. across from 右转

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1打扰一下,洗手间在哪? 🔊
2直走然后右转。 🔊
3图书馆在食堂旁边。 🔊
4🔊Today is my first day at the new school.
5🔊I don't know where anything is.
6🔊Go down the hall and turn left.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊Is the speaker new at school?
2🔊What did the speaker ask first?
3🔊How does the teacher describe the way?
4🔊Why does the speaker feel everything is new?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 问路 · 方位指引必备短语

问路是非常实用的交际用语——必备模板:

🙋 礼貌开场
  Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
  Could you tell me where the cafeteria is?

🧭 常用方位词
  turn left / right(左转/右转)
  go straight(直走)
  at the end of the hall(在走廊尽头)
  on your left / right(在你左边/右边)
  next to the library(在图书馆旁边)
  across from the gate(在大门对面)
  between A and B(在 A 和 B 之间)

🙏 感谢回应
  A: Thank you so much!
  B: You're welcome! / No problem! / Anytime!

💡 实用小贴士:在英美问路前先说 "Excuse me",比直接 "Where is..." 礼貌得多!

🏫 英语文化小常识 · First Day at New School 转学第一天

Transferring schools(转学)—— 在美国家庭里是常见的事(爸妈换工作、搬家等)。新学校的"第一天"既紧张兴奋

🎒 典型场景
📚 拿到新课本、新储物柜(locker)
🗺️ 找教室、食堂、卫生间——很容易迷路!
👋 老师介绍新生:"This is our new classmate..."
🍕 午餐时找位置坐(这个最难!)

💡 "Buddy System" 伙伴制度
美国学校通常给新生指定一个 buddy(伙伴)—— 帮你找路、介绍朋友、回答问题。课文里"问路"就是新生的必经过程!

📜 问路必备短语
🙋 "Excuse me, where is the bathroom?"
🙋 "How do I get to the cafeteria?"
🙋 "Is this the way to the library?"

📺 经典转学电影
🎬 "Mean Girls"(《贱女孩》)—— 转学到新学校的青春故事
🎬 "Diary of a Wimpy Kid"(《小屁孩日记》)

💡 在美国,主动打招呼是融入新环境的关键!"Hi, I'm new here. What's your name?"

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了问路常用句型
✅ 我掌握了指路常用句型
✅ 我掌握了arrive / reach / get to(到达,三个近义词)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 13 · Buying a present for Mom 给妈妈买生日礼物

新知识点:店员常用句 + 顾客常用句

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 13

Lesson 13 · 给妈妈买生日礼物

Buying a present for Mom
📚 交际用语 · 购物对话

📖 Text 课文

给妈妈买生日礼物
🎁💐🛍️💝
Lesson 13
🔊Mom's birthday is this Saturday.
🔊My little sister Lily and I went to the store together.
🔊A shop assistant came over and said, "May I help you?"
🔊"Yes," I said. "We're looking for a present for our mom."
🔊"What does she like?" the assistant asked.
🔊Lily said, "She loves flowers and books."
🔊The assistant showed us a vase.
🔊I said, "It's too expensive."
🔊Then she showed us a bookmark.
🔊Lily said, "It's too small."
🔊"How about this scarf?" the assistant said.
🔊"It's 50 yuan, and it's 30% off today."
🔊Lily and I checked our pockets.
🔊"We have 40 yuan and 5 coins," I said.
🔊The assistant smiled. "That's enough! 35 yuan for you."
🔊On the way home, Lily whispered, "Do you think Mom will like it?"
🔊I held her hand. "She will — because we bought it together."

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
present/ˈpreznt/n. 礼物
store/stɔː/n. 商店
shop assistant/ʃɒp əˈsɪstənt/n. 店员;售货员
help/help/v. 帮助
looking for/ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔː/phrase 正在找
vase/vɑːz/n. 花瓶
expensive/ɪkˈspensɪv/adj. 贵的
bookmark/ˈbʊkmɑːk/n. 书签
scarf/skɑːf/n. 围巾
yuan/jʊˈɑːn/n. 元(人民币)
off/ɒf/prep. 减;折
coin/kɔɪn/n. 硬币
enough/ɪˈnʌf/adj./adv. 足够的
whispered/ˈwɪspəd/v. 小声说(过去式)
together/təˈɡeðə/adv. 一起
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
presentn.礼物

用法:常用名词,可数

a present for Mom — 给妈妈的礼物

💡 近义:gift 礼物

storen.商店

用法:美式商店

go to the store — 去商店

💡 近义:shop 商店(英式)

shop assistantn.店员;售货员

用法:shop(店)+ assistant(助手)

a shop assistant — 一个店员

💡 类似:clerk 店员(美式)

helpv.帮助

用法:May I help you? = 您要点什么?

May I help you? — 需要帮忙吗?

💡 近义:assist 帮助

looking forphrase正在找

用法:look for 的进行时

looking for a present — 在找礼物

💡 近义:searching for

vasen.花瓶

用法:装花的容器

showed us a vase — 给我们看花瓶

💡 类似:bowl 碗

expensiveadj.贵的

用法:反义词 cheap

too expensive — 太贵了

💡 反义:cheap 便宜的

bookmarkn.书签

用法:book(书)+ mark(标记)

a bookmark — 一个书签

💡 类似:book 书

scarfn.围巾

用法:冬天围在脖子上

this scarf — 这条围巾

💡 类似:hat 帽子

yuann.元(人民币)

用法:中国货币单位

50 yuan — 50 元

💡 类似:dollar 美元

offprep.减;折

用法:30% off = 七折(减 30%)

30% off — 7 折

💡 相关:discount 折扣

coinn.硬币

用法:金属做的钱

5 coins — 5 个硬币

💡 相关:bill 纸币

enoughadj./adv.足够的

用法:"够了"

That's enough. — 够了。

💡 反义:not enough 不够

whisperedv.小声说(过去式)

用法:whisper + ed → whispered

Lily whispered. — 莉莉小声说。

💡 反义:shouted 大喊

togetheradv.一起

用法:do sth. together = 一起做

bought it together — 一起买的

💡 反义:alone 独自

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 Mom's birthday
妈妈的生日
🔊 a shop assistant
一个店员
🔊 May I help you?
需要帮忙吗?
🔊 I'm looking for...
我在找……
🔊 What does she like?
她喜欢什么?
🔊 How much is it?
多少钱?
🔊 a bit expensive
有点贵
🔊 I'll take it!
我要这个!

🇨🇳 参考译文

妈妈的生日是这周六。

我和妹妹莉莉一起去商店。

一位店员走过来说:"请问需要帮忙吗?"

"是的,"我说。"我们在给妈妈找礼物。"

"她喜欢什么?"店员问。

莉莉说:"她喜欢花和书。"

店员给我们看了一个花瓶。我说:"太贵了。"

然后她给我们看了一个书签。莉莉说:"太小了。"

"这条围巾怎么样?"店员说。

"50 块钱,今天打 7 折。"

我和莉莉摸了摸口袋。

"我们有 40 块和 5 个硬币,"我说。

店员笑了。"够了!算你们 35 块。"

回家路上,莉莉小声说:"你觉得妈妈会喜欢吗?"

我握住她的手。"她会的——因为这是我们俩一起买的。"

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:购物对话
May I help you? / I'm looking for + 物品 / How much is it?
📐 句型拆解
▸ 店员开场 May I help you?
▸ 顾客需求 I'm looking for...
▸ 问价 How much is it?
▸ 提建议 How about...?
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 I'm looking for a birthday present. 我在找生日礼物。
🔊 How about this bookmark? 这个书签怎么样?
💰 too expensive = 太贵了(贬义);very expensive = 很贵(中性)。

一、店员常用句

在英文商店里,店员会用这几句话问候和介绍。

1. 打招呼 / 问需求

May I help you? — 请问需要帮忙吗?
Can I help you? — 请问需要帮忙吗?(更随意)
What can I do for you? — 请问您要点什么?

2. 询问需求 / 介绍商品

What does she like? — 她喜欢什么?
How about this scarf? — 这条围巾怎么样?
Would you like to try it on? — 您要试穿吗?

3. 报价 / 折扣

It's 50 yuan. — 50 元。
It's 30% off today. — 今天打 7 折(减 30%)。
That's enough! 35 yuan for you. — 够了!算你们 35 块。
💡 30% off = 减 30%(也就是付 70%,相当于"打 7 折")。

二、顾客常用句

作为顾客,这几句话会让你在商店畅通无阻。

1. 说明需求

I'm looking for a present. — 我在找一个礼物。
I'd like a blue scarf. — 我想要一条蓝色的围巾。

2. 问价 / 询问

How much is it? — 这个多少钱?
Do you have it in another color? — 有别的颜色吗?
Can I try it on? — 我能试穿吗?

3. 评价 / 决定

It's too expensive. — 太贵了。
It's too small / too big. — 太小了 / 太大了。
I'll take it. — 我买了。

4. 付款

I'll pay by card. — 我刷卡。
I'll pay in cash. — 我付现金。
🎵 顾客必备 3 句:I'm looking for... / How much is it? / I'll take it.

三、too + 形容词("太……",含贬义)

too + 形容词表示程度过头了,常常带否定意味。

It's too expensive. — 太贵了。(买不起 / 不愿买)
It's too small. — 太小了。(不合适)
The soup is too hot. — 汤太烫了。(喝不了)

对比:very vs too

very expensive(很贵) 只是描述  中性
too expensive(太贵) 过头了  负面
⚠️ too 不是 very。"very expensive 但还能接受","too expensive 就是买不起"。

四、How about ...?(提建议)

How about + 名词 / -ing = ……怎么样?(提建议)

How about this scarf? — 这条围巾怎么样?
How about the red one? — 红色那条怎么样?
How about going to the park? — 去公园怎么样?
How about a cup of tea? — 来杯茶怎么样?
💡 What about 跟 How about 意思一样,可以换用。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
May I help you?
请问需要帮忙吗?
1. 这是店员标准问候
2. May I 比 Can I 更礼貌。
3. 回答方式:Yes, I'm looking for ... / No, thanks. I'm just looking.
📝 即练:
填空:___ I help you?(May/Can) → May (May I help you? 是更礼貌的店员问候。)
回答:May I help you? — Yes, I'm ___ ___ a present. → looking for (looking for = 正在找。)
🔊
How much is it?
这多少钱?
1. How much 问"多少钱"(钱不可数)。
2. it 指刚提到的商品。
3. 复数则用 How much are these?
📝 即练:
填空:___ ___ is this scarf?(多少钱) → How much (How much 问钱。)
改错:How many is it?(钱) → much (钱不可数 → much。)
🔊
It's 30% off today.
今天打 7 折。
1. 30% off = 减 30%(相当于打 7 折)。
2. today 强调"仅今天"。
3. 类似的:50% off = 半价。
📝 即练:
填空:This is 20% ___ today.(折扣) → off (20% off = 减 20%。)
翻译:50% off = ___ → 半价 / 五折 (50% off 就是半价。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:购物常用句型 + How about ...?
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:礼物)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:商店)
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:店员)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:花瓶)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:贵的)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:书签)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:礼物 首字母:p _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:商店 首字母:s _ _ _ _ →
3意思:店员 首字母:s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:花瓶 首字母:v _ _ _ →
5意思:贵的 首字母:e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
6意思:书签 首字母:b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:购物常用句型补全(共 8 题)

把下面店员/顾客的句子补完整:

1🔊___ I help you? (店员开场)
2🔊I'm ___ ___ a present. (在找)
3🔊___ ___ is this? (多少钱)
4🔊That's ___ ___ expensive. (有点贵)
5🔊Do you have anything ___? (便宜点)
6🔊I'll ___ it. (我要这个)
7🔊___ ___ this one? (这个怎么样?)
8🔊What does she ___? (她喜欢什么?)

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:完成购物对话(共 8 题)

把下面的购物对话填完整:

1🔊店员: I you?
2🔊顾客:Yes, I'm a birthday present.
3🔊店员: does she like?
4🔊顾客:She likes flowers and books.
5🔊店员: this vase?
6🔊顾客:It's . Do you have anything cheaper?
7🔊店员: this bookmark? It is cheaper.
8🔊顾客:Great! I'll it.

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文:

1🔊需要帮忙吗? help you?
2🔊我在找一个生日礼物。I'm a birthday present.
3🔊有更便宜的吗?Do you have ?
4🔊这个花瓶多少钱? is this vase?
5🔊这个书签怎么样? this bookmark?
6🔊我要了。I'll .

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊I want a present. (用"我在找"改写)
2🔊How much is it? (改为礼貌问法)
3🔊This is expensive. (改为"有点贵")
4🔊I want a cheap one. (改为"你有更便宜的吗?")
5🔊I want this. (改为"我要这个")

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1Can I help to you? 🔊
2I look for a present. 🔊
3How much for this? 🔊
4I take it. 🔊
5Have you anything cheaper? 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. May I help you? 寻找
🔊2. looking for 有点贵
🔊3. a bit expensive 店员
🔊4. anything cheaper 需要帮忙吗?
🔊5. I'll take it 我要这个
🔊6. shop assistant 更便宜的东西

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1需要帮忙吗? 🔊
2我在找一个生日礼物。 🔊
3有更便宜点的吗? 🔊
4🔊We're looking for a present for our mom.
5🔊That's a bit expensive.
6🔊How about this bookmark? It's cheaper.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊When is Mom's birthday?
2🔊Who went shopping?
3🔊What did the shop assistant ask first?
4🔊Why didn't they buy the vase?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 购物英语 · 店员对话模板

去英美商店购物,店员(shop assistant)会用这些固定表达

🛍️ 店员主动招呼
  Can I help you?(需要帮忙吗?)
  How may I help you?(更正式)
  What are you looking for?(您要找什么?)

🛒 顾客回答
  I'm looking for a birthday gift.(我在找生日礼物。)
  I'm just looking, thanks.(只是随便看看。)
  How much is this?(这个多少钱?)

💰 讨论价格
  That's a bit expensive.(有点贵。)
  Do you have anything cheaper?(有便宜点的吗?)
  I'll take it.(我要这个。)

🎁 礼物相关
  Can you gift wrap it?(能帮我包装吗?)
  Is this for a gift?(这是送礼吗?)

💡 注意:英美店员习惯主动招呼,回答 "Just looking" 是很礼貌的拒绝方式,不会被打扰。

🎁 英语文化小常识 · Gift Shopping 美式送礼文化

送礼(gift-giving)在英美社会有不成文的规则——课文里给妈妈买生日礼物是经典场景!

🎁 典型场合需要送礼
🎂 birthdays(生日)
💒 weddings(婚礼)
🎄 Christmas / Hanukkah(圣诞节/光明节)
🤱 baby showers(迎婴派对)
🎓 graduation(毕业)
💕 anniversaries(结婚纪念日)
👶 Mother's Day / Father's Day(母亲节/父亲节)

💝 给妈妈的经典礼物
💐 fresh flowers(鲜花)—— Mom's favorite!
🍫 chocolates(巧克力)
📿 jewelry(珠宝、首饰)
📚 a book she'll love(一本她会喜欢的书)
🍰 a homemade cake(自己做的蛋糕)
🖼️ a framed photo(一张精装相片)

📜 送礼礼仪
🎀 Always wrap it!(一定要包装!)
💌 加一张 card(卡片)—— 即使一句话也很贴心
💝 表达用心比价格重要 ——
  "It's the thought that counts."(心意才是最重要的。)

💡 不要送钟(中国人忌讳"送终")、不要送(看具体文化)—— 跨文化送礼要小心!

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了店员常用句
✅ 我掌握了顾客常用句
✅ 我掌握了too + 形容词("太……",含贬义)
✅ 我掌握了How about ...?(提建议)

🌈 下一课预告

📘 Lesson 14 · Visiting Grandpa in the hospital 医院看望爷爷

新知识点:问候 / 询问感受(探病常用) + 医生说的话(重要!)

⬆️ 返回目录
📍 Chapter 15 · LESSON 14

Lesson 14 · 医院看望爷爷

Visiting Grandpa in the hospital
📚 交际用语 · 医院 / 看望病人

📖 Text 课文

医院看望爷爷
🏥👴🌹💐
Lesson 14
🔊Last week, Grandpa went into the hospital.
🔊Mom and I went to see him on Sunday.
🔊When we arrived, Grandpa was sitting up in bed.
🔊"Grandpa, how do you feel?" I asked.
🔊"A little tired, but better than yesterday," he said.
🔊A nurse came in and took his temperature.
🔊Then the doctor came.
🔊She listened to his heart and asked him a few questions.
🔊"Your grandpa is much better today," she said.
🔊"He needs plenty of rest and good food."
🔊Grandpa smiled and said, "I want to go home.
🔊I want my own bed and Grandma's soup."
🔊The doctor smiled too. "In a few days, you can."
🔊I held Grandpa's hand. "I'll come every day until you come home."
🔊Grandpa's eyes filled with tears.
🔊He didn't say anything.
🔊He just nodded.
🔊In that moment, I understood:
🔊sometimes love doesn't need words.
🔊You just need to be there.

📝 New Words and Expressions 单词与短语

单词音标词性·释义
hospital/ˈhɒspɪtl/n. 医院
arrived/əˈraɪvd/v. 到达(过去式)
feel/fiːl/v. 感觉
tired/ˈtaɪəd/adj. 累的;疲倦的
nurse/nɜːs/n. 护士
temperature/ˈtemprətʃə/n. 体温;温度
doctor/ˈdɒktə/n. 医生
listened/ˈlɪsnd/v. 听(过去式)
heart/hɑːt/n. 心脏;心
plenty of/ˈplenti əv/phrase 大量的;充分的
rest/rest/n./v. 休息
own/əʊn/adj. 自己的
in a few days/ɪn ə fjuː deɪz/phrase 过几天
until/ənˈtɪl/conj. 直到
tear/tɪə/n. 眼泪
nodded/ˈnɒdɪd/v. 点头(过去式)
moment/ˈməʊmənt/n. 一刻;瞬间
understood/ˌʌndəˈstʊd/v. 懂了;明白(过去式)
word/wɜːd/n. 词;话
💡 词汇详解(点击单词或例句可朗读)
hospitaln.医院

用法:看病 / 住院的地方

in the hospital — 在医院

💡 类似:clinic 诊所

arrivedv.到达(过去式)

用法:arrive + d → arrived

When we arrived... — 我们到的时候……

💡 近义:reached 到达

feelv.感觉

用法:过去式 felt(不规则)

How do you feel? — 你感觉怎么样?

💡 名词:feeling 感受

tiredadj.累的;疲倦的

用法:感觉没力气

a little tired — 有点累

💡 反义:energetic

nursen.护士

用法:医院里照顾病人的人

A nurse came in. — 护士进来了。

💡 类似:doctor 医生

temperaturen.体温;温度

用法:take one's temperature = 量体温

took his temperature — 给他量体温

💡 类似:fever 发烧

doctorn.医生

用法:看病的医生

the doctor came — 医生来了

💡 缩写:Dr.

listenedv.听(过去式)

用法:listen + ed,过去式 listened

listened to his heart — 听他的心跳

💡 搭配:listen to

heartn.心脏;心

用法:身体器官

listen to his heart — 听心跳

💡 类似:lung 肺

plenty ofphrase大量的;充分的

用法:后接可数复数或不可数名词

plenty of rest — 充分的休息

💡 近义:a lot of 很多

restn./v.休息

用法:名词或动词都行

plenty of rest — 充分休息

💡 反义:work 工作

ownadj.自己的

用法:搭配 my own / your own

my own bed — 我自己的床

💡 强调"属于自己"

in a few daysphrase过几天

用法:in + 一段时间 = ……之后

in a few days — 再过几天

💡 类似:in two weeks

untilconj.直到

用法:直到某事发生

until you come home — 直到你回家

💡 近义:till 直到

tearn.眼泪

用法:复数 tears

eyes filled with tears — 眼里满是泪

💡 动词:cry 哭

noddedv.点头(过去式)

用法:nod 双写 d 加 ed → nodded

He just nodded. — 他只是点点头。

💡 反义:shook his head

momentn.一刻;瞬间

用法:in that moment = 那一刻

in that moment — 那一刻

💡 近义:second 一秒

understoodv.懂了;明白(过去式)

用法:understand → understood,<strong>不规则</strong>

I understood. — 我懂了。

💡 understand → understood

wordn.词;话

用法:复数 words

love doesn't need words — 爱不需要说出来

💡 近义:speech 话语

📝 Phrases 重点短语

这些是本课必须掌握的短语和表达,点击听发音,反复跟读:

🔊 go into the hospital
住院
🔊 go to see sb.
去看望某人
🔊 sit up in bed
在床上坐起
🔊 How do you feel?
你感觉怎么样?
🔊 a little tired
有点累
🔊 better than yesterday
比昨天好
🔊 take one's temperature
量体温
🔊 Get well soon!
早日康复!

🇨🇳 参考译文

上周,爷爷住进了医院。

周日妈妈和我去看他。

我们到的时候,爷爷正坐在床上。

"爷爷,你感觉怎么样?"我问。

"有点累,但比昨天好,"他说。

护士进来给他量了体温。

然后医生来了。她听了他的心跳,问了他几个问题。

"你爷爷今天好多了,"她说。

"他需要充分休息和好的食物。"

爷爷笑着说:"我想回家。我想要自己的床和奶奶的汤。"

医生也笑了。"再过几天,可以的。"

我握着爷爷的手。"我每天都来,直到你回家。"

爷爷的眼睛湿润了。他什么也没说。

他只是点点头。

那一刻,我懂了:

有时候爱不需要说出来。你只要在那里就够了。

📚 Note 语法讲解

🎯 核心句型:医院 / 看望病人
How do you feel? / Get well soon! / Take care!
📐 句型拆解
▸ 询问感受 How do you feel?
▸ 表达病情 I feel a little tired.
▸ 祝福 Get well soon! Take care!
▸ 时间 in a few days (几天后)
💡 例句(点击发音)
🔊 How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何?
🔊 You'll feel better in a few days. 过几天你就会感觉好些。
💗 关心他人是英语社交的基础——多说 "How are you feeling?" 和 "Take care!"

一、问候 / 询问感受(探病常用)

看望病人时,先问"感觉怎么样"。这是关键开场。

家属 / 朋友常问:

How do you feel? — 你感觉怎么样?
How are you feeling today? — 你今天感觉如何?
Are you feeling better? — 你感觉好点了吗?

病人常答:

I feel a little tired. — 我有点累。
Better than yesterday. — 比昨天好。
I have a headache. — 我头疼。
I have a cough / a fever. — 我咳嗽 / 发烧。
🎵 常用病情表达:have a headache(头疼)/ have a fever(发烧)/ have a cough(咳嗽)/ have a stomachache(肚子疼)。

二、医生说的话(重要!)

医生通常会说"病情怎么样 + 需要做什么"。

1. 描述病情

You have a slight fever. — 你有点发烧。
Your grandpa is much better today. — 你爷爷今天好多了。
It's nothing serious. — 没什么大问题。

2. 给建议(needs / should)

He needs plenty of rest. — 他需要充分休息。
You should drink plenty of water. — 你应该多喝水。
Take this medicine three times a day. — 这个药一天吃 3 次。

3. 给希望

You'll feel better soon. — 你很快会好起来的。
In a few days, you can go home. — 再过几天,你就能回家了。
💡 plenty of = 大量的(同 a lot of),后面可数不可数都行:plenty of rest(休息)/ plenty of fruits(水果)。

三、in + 时间段(多久之后)

in + 一段时间(例如 in a few days, in two weeks)= "……之后",用于未来

In a few days, you can go home. — 过几天你就能回家了。
I'll see you in five minutes. — 我 5 分钟后见你。
The bus will come in ten minutes. — 公交车 10 分钟后就到。
In a year, she will graduate. — 一年后她就毕业了。
⚠️ 不要混淆
• in + 时间段 = 之后(未来):in 5 minutes 5 分钟后
• ago + 时间段 = 之前(过去):5 minutes ago 5 分钟前

四、until(直到)

until + 时间 / 句子 = 直到……为止。

I'll come every day until you come home. — 我每天都来,直到你回家。
Wait here until 5 o'clock. — 在这里等到 5 点。
I won't leave until you feel better. — 你不感觉好起来,我不走。
💡 until 也可以缩写成 till,意思一样。

🔑 Key Sentences 重点句解析

🔊
How do you feel?
你感觉怎么样?
1. How do you feel? 是问"现在感受"的标准句。
2. feel 是动词原形(前面有助动词 do)。
3. 也可以问 How are you feeling?(更地道)
📝 即练:
填空:How ___ you feel?(do/does) → do (you 用 do。)
改错:How are you feel? → do (该用 do you feel 或 are you feeling。)
🔊
He needs plenty of rest and good food.
他需要充分休息和好的食物。
1. plenty of = 大量的、充分的。
2. needs:he 单数 → needs 加 s。
3. rest 不可数;food 不可数。
📝 即练:
填空:You need ___ ___ water.(充分的) → plenty of (plenty of。)
改错:He need plenty of rest. → needs (he 单数 → needs。)
🔊
In a few days, you can go home.
再过几天,你就能回家了。
1. In + 时间段 = ……之后(未来)。
2. a few days = 几天(可数 few)。
3. 不能写 after a few days(语义略不同)。
📝 即练:
填空:The bus comes ___ ten minutes.(10 分钟后) → in (in + 时间段 = 之后。)
"5 分钟前"用 ago 还是 in? → ago (过去用 ago,未来用 in。)

✏️ Practice 练习(共 10 大区块 · 语法专项 22+ 题)

📌 本课语法重点:医院常用句型 + 关心他人
🎯 10 大区块循序渐进:听 → 拼 → 语法变形语法应用语法综合 → 转 → 改 → 连 → 译 → 读

🔊 Practice 1 · 听音辨词(共 6 题)

点 🔊 听单词,根据提示写出英文:

1🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:医院)
2🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:到达(过去式))
3🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:体温)
4🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:医生)
5🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:护士)
6🔊 听单词,写出英文:(提示:休息)

📝 Practice 2 · 单词拼写(共 6 题)

根据中文意思和首字母提示,写出完整单词:

1意思:医院 首字母:h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
2意思:护士 首字母:n _ _ _ _ →
3意思:医生 首字母:d _ _ _ _ _ →
4意思:感觉 首字母:f _ _ _ →
5意思:体温 首字母:t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ →
6意思:累的 首字母:t _ _ _ _ →

⚡ Practice 3 · 语法基础:医院/看望病人常用句型(共 8 题)

补全下面的句子:

1🔊How do you ___? (感觉怎么样?)
2🔊I'm ___ ___ tired. (有点累)
3🔊Get ___ soon! (早日康复)
4🔊You look much ___! (好多了)
5🔊Take ___ of yourself. (照顾)
6🔊Let me ___ your temperature. (查/量)
7🔊I am here to ___ you. (看望)
8🔊She ___ to rest. (需要)

🎯 Practice 4 · 语法应用:医院对话填空(共 8 题)

完成医院里的对话:

1🔊Grandpa, how do you ?
2🔊I'm a tired today.
3🔊You look much than yesterday.
4🔊Get , Grandpa!
5🔊Let the nurse your temperature.
6🔊Take of yourself.
7🔊The doctor said you to rest.
8🔊We're to you. (动词)

✏️ Practice 5 · 语法综合:完成句子(共 6 题)

根据中文完成英文:

1🔊上周爷爷进医院了。Last week, Grandpa the hospital.
2🔊你今天感觉如何?How do you ?
3🔊早日康复,爷爷! , Grandpa!
4🔊你今天看起来好多了。You look today.
5🔊护士给他量了体温。The nurse his .
6🔊照顾好你自己。 of yourself.

🔄 Practice 6 · 句型转换(共 5 题)

按括号要求改写句子:

1🔊Grandpa feels better. (改为"你今天感觉好些吗?")
2🔊Take care of yourself. (改为礼貌请求)
3🔊He is tired. (改为"他比昨天还累")
4🔊I feel better. (改为最高级"今天我感觉最好")
5🔊She will rest. (改为"她需要休息")

🔧 Practice 7 · 改错(共 5 题)

每句有一处错误,改正后写在横线上:

1How do you feels? 🔊
2I am little tired. 🔊
3You look much best. 🔊
4Get well soon Grandpa. 🔊
5Take cares of yourself. 🔊

🔗 Practice 8 · 连一连(共 6 对)

点击左边一个英文短语,再点击右边对应的中文。配对正确变绿色,错误会摇晃。

英文短语中文意思(已打乱)
🔊1. go to the hospital 量体温
🔊2. How do you feel? 有点累
🔊3. a little tired 保重!
🔊4. check temperature 去医院
🔊5. Get well soon! 早日康复!
🔊6. Take care! 你感觉怎样?

✍️ Practice 9 · 翻译练习(共 6 题)

前 3 题中译英,后 3 题英译中:

1上周爷爷住院了。 🔊
2你今天感觉怎么样? 🔊
3早日康复,爷爷! 🔊
4🔊When we arrived, Grandpa was sitting up in bed.
5🔊A little tired, but better than yesterday.
6🔊The nurse came in and checked his temperature.

📖 Practice 10 · 阅读理解(共 4 题)

回到课文,根据课文内容用英文回答下面的问题:

1🔊When did Grandpa go to hospital?
2🔊Who went to see Grandpa?
3🔊How did Grandpa feel?
4🔊What did the nurse do?

🔍 词汇深度讲解 · 医院 · 看望病人英语

在医院的对话是交际英语很重要的场景:

🏥 看望病人的开场
  How are you feeling today?(你今天感觉怎么样?)
  You look much better.(你看起来好多了。)
  I'm so glad to see you.(很高兴见到你。)

🩺 医生/护士常用
  How do you feel?(感觉怎么样?)
  Let me check your temperature.(量下体温。)
  You need to rest.(你需要休息。)
  Take this medicine twice a day.

💗 祝福语
  Get well soon!(早日康复!)
  Take care of yourself.(照顾好自己。)
  Hope you feel better soon.

💐 送礼建议
  flowers(花)/ a card(卡片)/ fruit basket(果篮)
  ⚠️ 在医院避免送盆栽(迷信)和强香花(其他病人过敏)

💡 关心他人是英语社交的基础——多用 "How are you feeling?" 和 "Take care!"

🏥 英语文化小常识 · Hospital Visits 看望病人礼仪

看望住院病人(hospital visit)在英美文化中是表达关爱的重要方式:

🌹 什么时间去合适
⏰ 一般 visiting hours(探病时间)是下午 2-4 点、晚上 6-8 点
🚫 不要在病人 treatment(治疗)时间去
📞 去之前打电话确认

🎁 带什么礼物
💐 flowers(鲜花)—— 注意避免强香味
📚 magazines / books(杂志、书)
🍎 fresh fruit(新鲜水果)
💌 get-well card(祝早日康复卡)
🧸 给孩子病人:stuffed animals(毛绒玩具)

🚫 避免
❌ 强香味花(其他病人可能过敏)
❌ 太多人一起去(病人需要休息)
❌ 谈论病情让人担心

💗 说什么话
  "How are you feeling today?"
  "You look much better!"(哪怕看起来一般,也鼓励)
  "Get well soon!"
  "We miss you at home/school."

💡 "Sympathy and care"(同情与关怀)是西方医院文化的核心——陪伴比治疗更重要

🎯 本课小结 Summary

✅ 我掌握了问候 / 询问感受(探病常用)
✅ 我掌握了医生说的话(重要!)
✅ 我掌握了in + 时间段(多久之后)
✅ 我掌握了until(直到)

🌈 全书完结

🎉 恭喜你完成了 Book 4 全部 14 课!

你已经掌握了 be 动词过去式、形容词比较级、反义词搭配 等中考要点。继续加油!

⬆️ 返回目录
🔥 连对 0
🌟
太棒了!
点击关闭
🏠

🔒 试用已结束

免费试用 30 分钟已用完
请输入激活码继续使用本教材

📡 正在检测设备...
🎓 购买激活码:联系合作老师 / 客服
📱 一码绑定 1 电脑 + 1 手机,永久使用
🔁 换设备请联系客服重置